Name ________________________

Charles Guiang

States of Matter
Learning Goal:
Students will be able to demonstrate their knowledge of the states of matter through illustrations and
descriptions. These illustrations and descriptions should include:
 How the molecules in a solid, liquid and gas compare to each other.
 How temperature relates to the kinetic energy of molecules.
Procedure:
 Open the internet browser and enter the address: http://phet.colorado.edu
 Click on “Play with Sims” and select “Chemistry” from the menu on the left.
 Open the “States of Matter” Simulation and select “Run Now”

Investigation (Part 1):

1. Complete the table below by exploring the “Solid, Liquid, Gas” tab in the simulation. Test your
predictions and record your observations by recording the temperature and illustrations of each
substance in the three states of matter.

Substances Observations
Solid Liquid Gas
Temperature: -259c Temperature: -246c Temperature: -217c
Illustration: Illustration: Illustration:
Neon

Temperature: -230c Temperature: -187c Temperature: -84c

Illustration: Illustration: Illustration:
Argon

Temperature: -246c Temperature: -216c Temperature: -160c

Illustration: Illustration: Illustration:
Oxygen

Temperature: -127c Temperature: 13c Temperature: 156c

Illustration: Illustration: Illustration:
Water

2. Sketch a graph of Kinetic Energy vs. Temperature. Use this graph to describe the relationship between
the two concepts.
Kinetic energy & temperature are both related to ENERGY.

3. Write a summary paragraph, which includes drawings, to demonstrate you have mastered the learning
goal. Be sure to incorporate both concepts of the learning goal:
 1. How the molecules in a solid, liquid and gas compare to each other.

The molecules in a solid are more densely compact than the molecules in a gas. In all states of matter
when heat is removed, molecules are less energitic and become more stiff. But when heat is added,
molecules move around more freely.

2. How temperature relates to the kinetic energy of molecules.

When temperature of an object increases its kinetic energy also increases. When temperature decreases
its kinetic energy also decreases.

Extension:
4. Explain how a change in temperature affects the pressure inside a container.
Temperature change in a container affects the pressure because of how the molecules become less condense
and spreads out to try to escape the container.

5. Explain this phase diagram by relating what you know about temperature, states of matter and
pressure.

Temperature correlates with pressure.

Investigation (Part 2):

Fill in the following table using the “Phase Changes” tab of the simulation
1. Starting with the initial situation, state the following for each
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
c. Movement of molecules
d. Distance between molecules
2. Add heat until at least 8 molecules begin to freely move around. Fill in the second column.
3. Push down on the lid until it is slightly above the hose for the pump. Fill in the information
in the third column.
4. Do 10 complete pumps with the handle of the pump. Each pump will add 4 molecules of the
substance. Fill in the fourth column of the chart.
5. Repeat steps a – d for each of the other three gases. Remember to first click the Reset All
button.
6. Choose one of the gases and remove the heat. Describe below the effect it has on the
molecules.
neon
Gas tested __________________
Effect molecules remained completely stationary.
 Observations
Initial Sample Heat added to Lid pushed down After 10 pumps
some molecules
moving freely

Temperature: -259c Temperature: -246c Temperature: -245c Temperature: -238c

Pressure: 0.0atm Pressure: 0.2 ATM Pressure: 9.0 ATM Pressure: 50.0 ATM
Neon Movement: no Movement: Yes Movement:Yes Movement: Yes
Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram

Temperature: -230c Temperature: -187c Temperature: 110c Temperature: 64c

Pressure: 0.0 atm Pressure: 4.0 atm Pressure: 140.0 atm Pressure: 190.0 atm
Argon Movement: no Movement: yes Movement: yes Movement: yes
Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram

Temperature: -160c Temperature: -130c Temperature: 479c Temperature: 293c

Pressure: 1.5 atm Pressure: 2.4 atm Pressure: 100 atm Pressure: 160 atm
Oxygen Movement: yes Movement: yes Movement: yes Movement: yes
Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram

Temperature: -127c Temperature: 100c Temperature: 307c Temperature: 309c

Pressure: 0.0 atm Pressure: 1.7 atm Pressure: 59.9 atm Pressure: 160 atm
Water Movement: yes Movement: yes Movement: yes Movement: yes
Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram Distance Diagram
Questions:

1. State in words and formula the Ideal Gas Law.

PV = NkT

P = Pressure
V= Volume
N = Number of atoms
T = Absolute temperature

2. What state is the matter in when all molecules are just vibrating around?

Solid state

3. Why do some molecules begin sticking together when you add in more molecules?

This is because of cohesion.

4. State the difference between heat and thermal energy.

Thermal energy is the energy that is contained within a system. While heat is the flow of thermal
energy

5. State the difference between heat and temperature.

Heat is the energy within an object. Temperature is a measurement.