SCIENCE 10

4th QUARTER
Module 1

Behavior of Gases source:https://img.17qq.com

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Most Essential Learning Competencies

Investigate the relationship between:
1. volume and pressure at constant temperature of a gas;
2. volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas and;
3. explain these relationships using kinetic molecular theory. (S9MT-IIj-20)

To the Learner
This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the lesson
objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.
1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the
activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from
your teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writer

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 Expectations
This module will help you in understanding the relationship between the different
variables of gases such as pressure, volume, temperature and the amount of substances
(number of moles) in it.
Specifically, you should be able to do the following at the end of the module:

1. State the relationship of each variable of gases using Boyles’s Law and Charles’s
Law.
2. Solve problems regarding Boyle’s Law and Charles’s Law.
3. Explain Boyle’s Law and Charles’s Law using Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

Good luck and have an enjoyable learning experience.

Pre-Test
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____1. Last summer vacation, the Asto family decided to go to Pagugpod, Ilocos Norte
to have a beach party. On their way to Ilocos, all of them were surprised when
the tire suddenly exploded. Which best explains why the tire had blown out
during the long summer drive?
A. The amount of the gases inside the tire is increased.
B. High temperature caused a decrease in the tire’s volume.
C. The mass of the gases inside the tire increased causing a blown-up tire.
D. The volume of gases increases as the temperature increases, causing a
blown-up tire.

_____2. What law explains the mechanism of gas compressor?

A. Avogadro’s Law C. Charles’s Law
B. Boyle’s Law D. Ideal Gas Law

_____3. A 2.5 liter of gas sample is collected at a pressure of 1.25 atm. Calculate the
pressure needed to reduce the volume of the gas to 2.0 liters.
A. 1.00 atm C. 2.50 atm
B. 1.56 atm D. 6.25 atm

_____4. How does the temperature affect the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?
A. as the temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of gas
molecules increases
B. as the temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of gas
molecules decreases
C. as the temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of gas
molecules fluctuates
D. as the temperature decreases, the average kinetic energy of gas
molecules remains the same

_____5. The temperature of the gas in 2L container is 300 K. What will be its volume if
the temperature is increased to 500K
A. 0.83 L C. 3.33 L
B. 1.20 L D. 5.38 L

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 Looking Back
Directions. Match column A with the correct properties of gases in column B.

A B
1. Airbags installed in cars are used as a. Gases exert pressure.
shock absorbers.
b. Gases fill their containers
2. When a tire or a balloon is filled with uniformly.
air, the air is distributed evenly.
c. Gases diffuse easily.
3. When you inflate a balloon, it is
responsible in keeping its shape. d. Gases can be compressed to a
smaller volume.
4. You smell the aroma of coffee or
perfume in a room. e. The pressure of a gas depends on
its temperature.
5. The reason why tires is periodically
checked to ensure safety during hot
summer months.

Brief Introduction
Gases consist of various properties. Its shape and size are indefinite and depends
on where it is contained. Gases have mass, volume, temperature, and pressure.
Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, while volume refers to the space
occupied by the matter. Temperature is the measure of the coldness or hotness of a
material. Pressure is the force applied by the gas particles per unit area.
Gas laws explain the relationship between property of gases. It helps predict how
gas will react if pressure, temperature, or volume is changed or kept constant.
Kinetic molecular theory of gases is a model that helps us understand the physical
properties of gases at the molecular level in ideal state.

Activity 1: Pressure – Volume Relationship (Boyle’s Law)

Objectives: 1. Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature of gas using the given data.
2. Plot data and solve problems in volume and pressure relationship at
constant temperature of a gas

A. Directions. Complete the table below and answer the guide question that follows.
Data of Volume-Pressure Relationship at Constant Temperature
Trial Volume (L) Pressure (atm) PxV
1 3 24.0 72
2 6 12.0
3 12 6.0
4 24 3.0
5 48 1.5

Guide Questions:
1. What do you observe about the volume of the given data?
2. What do you observe about the pressure of the given data?
3. Given a constant temperature, what do you observe about the product of
volume and pressure in each trial?
4. At constant temperature, what do you think will happen to the volume if the
pressure decreases? increases?
5. At constant temperature, what do you think will happen to the pressure if the
volume decreases? increases?

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 6. State a relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature.
7. Make a volume vs pressure graph at constant temperature using the data given
above. Describe the graph.
27

24

21

18
Pressure (atm)

15

12

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
Volume (L)

The relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature was first
stated by Robert Boyle during the 16th century. Boyle’s Law states that the volume of
a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature. It means that
as the pressure increases, the volume decreases and as the pressure decreases, the
volume increases. This can be observed on the table in Activity 1. You will also notice in
the same table that the product of pressure and volume is always the same which leads
us to Boyle’s Law equation.

𝑃𝑃1 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑃𝑃2 𝑉𝑉2

where:
P1 = initial pressure expressed in atmospheric pressure (atm)
V1 = initial volume expressed in Liters (L)
P2 = final pressure expressed in atmospheric pressure (atm)
V2 = final volume expressed in Liters (L)

B. Directions. Solve the following problem using Boyle’s Law equation. P1V1=P2V2
Given: V1 = 5L P1 = 0.95 atm
1. The oxygen gas inside a 5 L-gas tank V2 = ½ (5L) = 2.5L
has a pressure of 0.95 atm. Provided Unknown : P2 = ?
𝑃𝑃 𝑉𝑉
that the temperature remains Formula: 𝑃𝑃2 = 1 1
𝑉𝑉2
constant, how much pressure is (0.95 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)(5𝐿𝐿)
needed to reduce its volume by ½? Solution: 𝑃𝑃2 =
2.5𝐿𝐿
Final Answer: 1.9 atm
Given: ___________________________
2. A scuba diver needs a diving tank to
___________________________
provide breathing gas while he is
___________________________
underwater. How much pressure is
Unknown : ________________________
needed for 6.00 liters of gas at 1.01
Formula : _________________________
atmospheric pressure to be
Solution:___________________________________
compressed in a 3.00-liter cylinder?
Final Answer: _____________________

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3. A sample of fluorine gas occupies a
volume of 600 mL at 760 torr. Given
that the temperature remains the
same, calculate the pressure required
to reduce its volume by 1/3.
Given: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Unknown : ________________________
Formula : _________________________
Solution:___________________________________
Final Answer: _____________________

Activity 2: Temperature-Volume Relationship (Charles’s Law)

Objectives: 1. Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature constant
pressure of gas using the given data.
2. Calculate for each unknown on volume and temperature relationship at
constant pressure of a gas

A. Directions. Complete the table below and answer the guide question that follows.
Data of Volume-Temperature Relationship at Constant Pressure
Trial Volume (L) Temperature Temperature(K) V/T in
(°C) K = (°C + 273.15) Kelvin
1 84.045 7 280.15 0.3
2 86.145 14
3 90.345 28
4 92.445 35
5 94.545 42

Guide Questions:
1. What do you observe about the volume of the given data?
2. What do you observe about the temperature of the given data?
3. Given that the pressure is constant, what do you observe about the quotient of
volume and temperature (K) in each trial?
4. Given a constant pressure, what do you think will happen to the volume if the
temperature decreases? increases?
5. Given a constant pressure, what do you think will happen to the temperature if
the volume decreases? increases?
6. State the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure.
7. Make volume vs temperature graph at constant pressure using the data given
above. Describe the graph.
325

320

315

310
Temperature (K)

305

300

295

290

285

280

275
82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
Volume (L)

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 The volume - temperature relationship in gases was determined by and named
after Jacques Charles. Charles’s Law states that the volume of a gas is directly
proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. It means that as the
temperature increase, the volume also increases and as the temperature decreases, the
volume decreases as shown in the table in Activity 2. You will also notice in the given
table that the quotient of pressure and volume are always the same which leads us to
Charles’s Law equation.
where:
𝑽𝑽𝟏𝟏 𝑽𝑽𝟐𝟐
T1 = initial temperature expressed in Kelvin (K)
= V1 = initial volume expressed in Liters (L)
𝑻𝑻𝟏𝟏 𝑻𝑻𝟐𝟐
T2 = final temperature expressed in Kelvin (K)
V2 = final volume expressed in Liters (L)
𝑉𝑉1 𝑉𝑉
B. Direction. Solve the following problem using Charles’s Law equation = 2.
𝑇𝑇1 𝑇𝑇2
1𝐿𝐿
Given: V1 = 500 cm3 = (500cm3x )=
1000𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚2
0.5 L
1. A cylinder with a movable piston T1 =20°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K
contains 500 cm3 air at 20°C. If the V2 = 350cm3 = 0.35 L
pressure is kept constant, at what Unknown : T2 = ?
temperature would you expect the 𝑉𝑉 𝑇𝑇
Formula: 𝑇𝑇2 = 2 1
volume to be 350cm3? 𝑉𝑉1
(0.35 𝐿𝐿)(293.15K)
Solution: 𝑇𝑇2 =
0.50 L
Final Answer: 205.21 K
Given: ___________________________
2. A tank (not rigid) contains 2.3L of ___________________________
helium gas at 25°C. What will be the ___________________________
volume of the tank after heating it Unknown : ________________________
and its content to 40°C temperature Formula : _________________________
at constant pressure? Solution:___________________________________
Final Answer: _____________________
Given: ___________________________
3. At 20°C, the volume of chlorine gas is ___________________________
15dm3. Compute the resulting volume ___________________________
if the temperature is adjusted to 318K Unknown : ________________________
provided that the pressure remains Formula : _________________________
the same. Solution:___________________________________
Final Answer: _____________________

Remember
o Gas is one of the phases of matter. It has no definite shape and size. It can be
compressed easily.
o Properties of gases include mass, volume, temperature, and pressure.
• Mass is the amount of a gas that could be expressed in moles or grams. The
mass of gases is negligible.
• Volume is the amount of space occupied by the gases.
• Temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object.
• Pressure is the average effect of the forces of the colliding molecules.
o The properties of gases can affect one another. They are related to each other as
stated by the different Gas Laws.
• Boyle’s Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its
volume at constant temperature.
• Charles’s Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature at constant pressure.

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 o The relationship between the different properties of gases can be quantified using
the following formulas.
• Boyle’s Law 𝑃𝑃1 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑃𝑃2 𝑉𝑉2
𝑉𝑉1 𝑉𝑉2
• Charles’s Law =
𝑇𝑇1 𝑇𝑇2
Where:
P = Pressure in atm
V= volume in liters
T = temperature in Kelvin
1 = use as a subscript which means initial condition
2 = use as a subscript which means final condition

o The behavior of the gas molecules can be explained by the Kinetic Molecular
Theory. It states that:
1. Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from molecule to molecule
are far greater than the molecule’s dimension. These molecules can be
considered as spherical bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.
2. Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they frequently
collide with each other and with the walls of the container. Collision among
molecules is perfectly elastic, that is, energy may transfer from molecule to
molecule as the result of collision, but the total energy of all the molecules in
the system remains the same/constant.
3. There is a negligible attractive or repulsive force between or among gas
molecules. by
4. The movement of gas molecules is affected by temperature. The average
kinetic energy of the molecules is directly related to the temperature of a gas.

Check Your Understanding

Directions. Determine the law illustrated by the given. Write B for Boyle’s Law and C
for Charles’s Law.
_____1. Syringe _____6. Bakery Products
_____2. Bicycle Pump _____7. Spray Paint
_____3. Hot Air Balloon _____8. Air Bubbles
_____4. Tires _____9. Pool floats
_____5. Helium Balloon _____10. Deep water diving

Post Test
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____1. Which of the following phenomena best illustrates Boyle’s Law?

A. carbon dioxide being dissolved in water
B. breathing apparatus being used by a patient
C. leavening agent causing the fluffiness of cake products
D. expansion of the balloon as it is being submerged in hot water

_____2. Records show that the incidence of tire explosion is high during summer
season. Which of the following gives the best explanation for this observation?
A. there is too much air inside the tires
B. vehicles’ tires are not well maintained
C. there are more travelers during summer vacation
D. high temperature during summer season causes the air inside the tire
to expand

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_____3. Which of the following needs to remain constant to use Charles’s Law?
A. Pressure C. Temperature
B. Volume D. Volume and Pressure

_____4. A 200 L of gas contained in a vessel under a pressure of 850 atm. What will be
the new volume if the gas is changed to 1000 atm?
A. 170 L C. 370 L
B. 270 L D. 470 L

_____5. How does the temperature affect the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?
A. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
increases
B. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
decreases
C. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
fluctuates
D. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
remains the same

Reflection
Direction. Complete this 3-2-1 organizer to guide you in reflecting about the lessons.
3 things I learned 2 things I enjoyed 1 question I still have

 _______________________ _______________________
? _______________________
 _______________________ _______________________

 _______________________

Printed References:
• Science 10 Learners Material Unit 4, Department of Education Bureau of
Learning Resources, pp. 351-399
• Science 10 Teacher’s Guide Unit 4 Department of Education Bureau of
Learning Resources, pp. 258 – 280
• Chemistry by Hilda Ropelos Hagad, pp 186 – 199

Online References
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/kinetic-molecular-
theory-and-gas-laws
• https://www.britannica.com/gas-laws
• https://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1045/gas_laws.html

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Science 10 Quarter 4 Week 1
Name: _________________________________ Grade and Section: __________________

ANSWER SHEET

PRE TEST POST TEST

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
LOOKING BACK
____1. Airbags installed in cars are used a. Gases exert pressure.
as shock absorbers.
b. Gases fill their containers
____2. When a tire or a balloon is filled uniformly.
with air, the air is distributed evenly.
c. Gases diffuse easily.
____3. When you inflate a balloon, it is
responsible in keeping its shape. d. Gases can be compressed to a
smaller volume.
____4. You smell the aroma of coffee or
perfume in a room. e. The pressure of a gas depends on
its temperature.
____5. The reason why tires is
periodically checked to ensure safety
during hot summer months.
ACTIVITY 1: PRESSURE – VOLUME RELATIONSHIP (BOYLE’S LAW)
A

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B.
2. Given: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Unknown : ___________________________
Formula : ____________________________
Solution:_______________________________________
Final Answer: ________________________
3. Given: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Unknown : ___________________________
Formula : ____________________________
Solution:_______________________________________
Final Answer: ________________________

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 ACTIVITY 2: TEMPERATURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP (CHARLES’S LAW)
A.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B.
2. Given: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Unknown : ___________________________
Formula : ____________________________
Solution:_______________________________________
Final Answer: ________________________
3. Given: ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Unknown : ___________________________
Formula : ____________________________
Solution:_______________________________________
Final Answer: ________________________

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING REFLECTION

1. 6. 3 things I learned
-
2. 7. -
-
3. 8. 2 things I found interesting
-
4. 9. -
1 question I still have
5. 10.
-

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