BIOLOGY

Third Quarter
Science 10
 MELC
Explain the different
evidences of evolution
 Evolution
• Process by which new species
or populations of living things
develop from pre-existing forms
through successive generations
EVIDENCE OF
EVOLUTION
Theory of Evolution
• Charles Darwin
• Supported by evidence from
different scientific fields
• Fossils
• Comparative anatomy and embryology
• Genetic information
Fossils
• Preserved
physical remains
of organisms
• Solid evidence
that organisms
evolve over
million of years
How are Fossils
Formed?
 Fossilization
• The process wherein the
organism becomes fossil
after a degree of
decomposition
1. The organism dies.
2. The body will be
covered by sediment
and decomposes to
become a fossil.
3. The sediments
become rock and the
skeleton is pressed.
4. The earth’s movement
raise the layers of the
rocks to the surface.
5. The rock erodes,
exposing the fossils.
 How to
Determine the
Age of Fossils?
 Relative Dating
• A method used to determine
the age of rocks by
comparing them with the
rocks in the other layer
 Relative Dating
• The younger sedimentary
rock layer is assumed to be
found on the top and the
older rock is found at the
bottom layer
Body Fossils vs
Trace Fossils
 a. Body Fossils
• Hard parts of the body like
bones, teeth, and shells
• Some can be skin, feathers,
and other soft tissues
 b. Trace Fossils
• Preserved marks of activity
left behind by an organism
when it was still alive
• Footprint, feces, or an imprint
of an ancient plant
Impression vs
Compression
 a. Impression
• Imprints are shallow
external molds with little
or no organic material
present
 b. Compression
• The other side of
impression with more
organic material
Learning
Task 7
Identify what type
of fossil is shown
below.
 A. Impression or Compression
1. 2.

3. 4.
 B. Trace or Body Fossil
1. 2.

3. 4.
Comparative
Anatomy
• Studies the
similarities and
differences in the
structure of
organisms
Homologous vs
Analogous
 Homologous
• Physical features or structures
shared due to a common
ancestor but that do not
necessarily serve the same
function
 Homologous
• A strong indicator that the
organisms evolved from a
common ancestor (divergent
evolution)
 Analogous
• Looks similar and have similar
functions but are
anatomically different and
belong to unrelated
organisms.
 Analogous
• They share similarities
because the organisms
experience or live in similar
environments (convergent
evolution)
Learning
Task 8A
 Identify whether
the structures are
homologous or
analogous
 Homologous or Analogous
1. 2.

3. 4.
 Embryonic
Development
• An embryo is an
early stage of
development in
organisms
• Embryonic development
shows similarities during their
early stage and have several
homologous structures that
are not present when the
organisms are adult
Learning
Task 8B
Stage
1
Stage
2
Stage
3
1. In what stages of development of
the organisms above show similarities?
2. Identify the structure, how and
where are they similar?
3. In stage 3, identify the structures that
made the organisms different from
each other?
4. Can embryonic development be an
evidence that evolution took place?
Explain.
 Genetic
Information
• Strongest evidence
in support of the
theory of evolution
• Looks on the
similarities of the
genetic codes of
organisms
• The greater the
similarity in amino acid
sequence, the closer
the relationship of the
organism
• The organism which are
similar in structure
could probably have a
common ancestor.