INTRODUCTION INVERTER

Ts. Dr. Azman Hussin

PhD (RE), P.Tech (MBOT), Grad.Engr (BEM)
INTRODUCTION

• What is inverter ?
• What are the advantages ?
• Differences between Conventional &
Inverter A/C
• Basics of Inverter Technology
INTRODUCTION
What is Inverter?

• Electrical supply has fix frequency

• Inverter type air conditioner have frequency changer

which can change the electrical frequency to control
the speed of the compressor

• This in turn, can control the capacity accordingly

INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Enhanced room temperature comfort
- More precise room temperature control
- Temperature fluctuation is kept within ± 0.5C from set temperature

Conventional

Inverter
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Less on / off cycle

Compressor capacity Conventional compressor

Full capacity

Time

Compressor
capacity
Inverter

Smooth ramp up Slow down Maintain room Time

from zero to high as temperature at low
rotational speed temperature speed
drops
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Less on / off cycle

Compressor capacity Conventional compressor

Room temperature
control:
Full capacity
switching compressor
ON & OFF

Time

Compressor
capacity
Inverter
Room temperature
control:
Control compressor
rotational speed
smoothly

Smooth ramp up Slow down Maintain room Time

from zero to high as temperature at low
rotational speed temperature speed
drops
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Starting frequency
Compressor
frequency
(rps) 1.0 hp – 68 rps
1.5 hp – 74 rps

Max.

55

35
Target frequency
20

0
Time (min)
1 2

6
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Fast cooling

Conventional
non-inverter
A/C
Inverter A/C
Room
temperature

Set temperature

Time

Quick
cooling
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Low starting current

Running
Conventional A/C:
current
•High starting current
•Frequent on/off cycle

Inverter A/C:
•Low starting current
•Smooth operation

Hours of operation
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Higher reliability

Less compressor start – stop cycle

Low starting current

Longer compressor motor lifespan

INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Low energy consumption with superior efficiency

 Frequency of supply current is varied according to load

requirements – excellent efficiency

 Range is between
0 – 68 rps for 1.0 hp
Lowest operating frequency = 20-80 Hz
0 – 74 rps for 1.5 hp

 Resulting in significantly LESS compressor start/stop – low

energy consumption
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
• Protection

Additional software protection against

Over current
Over heating
TECHNOLOGY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INVERTERS
AND NON-INVERTERS
SUMMARY Inverter NON - inverter
Compressor Variable ON-OFF /1-3P
Operation speed/inverter 3-P
Refrigeration flow Variable Fixed/steady

Controller Variable frequency Relay sequence

control control

Operating current 20 - 80 Hz 50 Hz
frequency range
Expansion Device EXV* Capillary tube
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology

Inverter-driven
Compressor

IPM (Inverter Electronic Expansion

Power Module) Valve (EXV)
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology

Power Rectifier Compressor

IPM
supply circuit Motor

Adjust capacity according to actual load by

• Controlling the EXV opening
• Controlling the refrigerant flow
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology

Inverter system block diagram

Energy Rectifying Inverter Compressor

Source Circuit Circuit

Control &
Protection Feedback
Circuitry
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology
Inverter drive power circuit - components

IN
U
V
M OUT
W

IPM(Inverter Module)
Diode Reactor
Electrolytic capacitor
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology
The system

Inverter Output
Frequency
Power supply
Input frequency Inverter 222 Hz 60 Hz
50Hz
t1
u
AC/DC DC/AC
t Rectifier Inverter t

50 Hz 222 Hz 60 Hz

compressor
IPM motor input
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology
Indoor PCB – refer to example air conditioner unit
INTRODUCTION
Basics of Inverter Technology
Outdoor PCB – example refer to air conditioner unit
 •Inverter Power Control?
•Inverter power control •High
•Compressor capacity
•Raise •High-speed
•Power •frequency •rotation
•source
•Lower •Low-speed
•frequency •rotation
•Low capacity

•Non-inverter type air conditioner

•Compressor
•Power •Constant •Fixed
•source •speed
•rotation
•capacity
 What does it do?

Changing Compressor Speed by

changing the Frequency

Low Hz Slow Speed High Hz High Speed

 Why would You need it?

TSetpoint << TRoom

- High Speed: Quickly reach Comfort Zone

TSetpoint  TRoom

- Low Speed: Saving Energy

Avoids cycling of the Compressor

= No Voltage Peaks
 •Inverter Principle
•Inverter power control uses its full capacity at start up to quickly
•Reach the set temperature. As soon as this temperature is achieved,
•It finely adjusts capacity to match any changes.
Thank You

Q&A