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Analysis of Transmission Line Using MATL
Analysis of Transmission Line Using MATL
(Deemed to be University)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND ELECTRONICS ENGINNERING
A Project Based Lab Report
On
SUBMITTED BY:
KL UNIVERSITY
Green fields, Vaddeswaram – 522 502
Guntur Dt., AP, India.
1
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
AND ELETRONICS ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I express the sincere gratitude to our principal Prof Dr. K. SUBBA RAO for
his administration towards our academic growth.
3
INDEX
1. Abstract 5
2. Aim 6
3. Apparatus 7
programming
5. Procedure 10
6. Code 11 – 13
7. Output 14 – 16
8. Advantages and 17
disadvantages
9. Conclusion 18
10. References 19
4
ABSTRACT
transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations and
lines, when interconnected with each other, become transmission networks. The
combined transmission and distribution network is known as the “National Grid”. Most
transmission lines are high voltage three phase alternating current, although single
phase AC is sometimes used in railway electrification systems. There are two types of
transmission lines they are DC transmission line and AC transmission lines. Long back
ago we were used DC transmission, Now the present world using AC transmission lines.
In both DC and AC transmission line, AC transmission line calculations are very tough
important one is to find out efficiency and regulation. It is some difficult to make
calculation with hand it takes long period of time. To reduce time, this efficiency and
regulation gone on programming using MATLAB software, user interface is very easier
to use.
Through this analysis of transmission line programming using MATLAB user can
5
AIM
transmission line theoretically, it takes so much to obtain the result. That’s why
programming make it simpler. There are several programming languages but especially
and data visualization. MATLAB makes it simpler. The main aim of this project is
Analysis of Transmission line using MATLAB software. By using this user can get the
6
APPARATUS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Programming skills.
Switch syntax.
Editor window.
Command window.
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About syntax used in programming
input: For example, x = input(prompt) displays the text in prompt and waits for the
user to input a value and press the Return key. The user can enter expressions, like pi/4
or rand(3), and can use variables in the workspace.
If the user presses the Return key without entering anything, then input returns
an empty matrix.
If the user enters an invalid expression at the prompt, then MATLAB display the
relevant error message, and then redisplays the prompt.
disp: disp(x) displays the value of variable x without printing the variable name.
Another way to display a variable is to type its name, which display a leading “x = “
before the value. If a variable contains an empty array, disp returns without displaying
anything.
fprintf: fprintf ( fileID, formatspec, A1,…An) applies the formatspe to all elements of
array A1,…An in column order, and writes the data to a text file. Fprintf uses the
encoding scheme specified in the call to fopen.
complex: In MATLAB, i and j represent the basic imaginary unit. You can use them to
create complex numbers such as 2i+5 . You can also determine the real and imaginary
parts of complex numbers and compute other common values such as phase and angle.
imag: imag( MATLAB functions ) Y = imag( Z ) returns the imaginary part of the
elements of array Z.
abs: abs( z ) returns the absolute value (or complex modulus ) of z. Because symbolic
variables are assumed to be complex by default, abs return the complex modulus
(magnitude ) by default. If z is an array, abs acts element – wise on each element of z.
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conj: conj( x ) returns the complex conjugate of x. Because symbolic variables are
complex by default, unresolved calls, such as conj( x ), can appear in the output of norm,
mtimes, and other functions. For details, see use assumptions on symbolic variables.
sqrt: sqrt( MATLAB functions)B = sqrt( x ) returns the square root of each element of
the array x. For the elements of X that are negative or complex, sqrt ( x ) produces
complex results.
9
Procedure
Procedure for this project is very simple. Installation must be there in computer
device, because it program based project.
1. Open MATLAB.
2. Type command in command window that is edit window.
3. Type the program according to the formula of transmission line and MATLAB
syntax in edit window.
4. MATLAB program evaluation is top to bottom and left to right.
5. Completion of whole program, Click on Run option in MATLAB window.
6. Enter values according to the program visible in command window.
7. Results will obtain.
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Code
clc;
clear all;
disp('********** ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION LINE **********')
disp(' ')
disp('1. Find length of transmission line ')
disp('2. Finding Efficiency and Regulation of a transmission line')
disp(' ')
Op = input('Enter your option:');
disp(' ')
switch Op
case 1;
Pr=input('Enter Power Receiving end: ');
Ef=input('Enter Efficiency of transmission line: ');
Vr=input('Enter Receiving end voltage: ');
a=input('Enter copper conductance: ');
Ps=Pr/Ef;
ll=Ps-Pr;
I=Pr/(Vr*1);
R=ll/(2*(I^2));
L=(R*a)/(1.725*10^6);
disp('Power sending end: ')
disp(Ps)
disp('Line losses: ')
disp(ll)
disp('The length of transmission line: ')
disp(L)
if L <=60
fprintf('This is a Short transmission line')
disp(' ')
else if L>60 && L<160
fprintf('This is Medium transmission line')
disp(' ')
else
fprintf('This is Long transmission line')
disp(' ')
end
end
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case 2;
L=input('Length of transmission line in km\n ');
Vl=input('receiving end voltage in kv\n ');
r=input('Per km resistance in ohm\n ');
l=input('Per km inductance in mH\n ');
S=input('Receiving power in MVA\n ');
Fi=input('Lagging power factor\n ');
S=S*(10^6);
Vl=Vl*(10^3);
l=l*(10^-3);
ind=L*(l);
R=r*(L);
Vr=Vl/sqrt(3);
Z=complex(R,2*pi*50*ind);
j=sqrt(-1);
if L <= 60
disp('------ THIS IS SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE ------')
disp(' ')
A=1;
B=Z;
C=0;
D=A;
elseif L > 60 && L <= 160
disp('------ THIS IS MEDIUM SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE ------')
disp(' ')
c=input('Per km capacitance in uF\n ');
c=c*(10^-6);
Y=2*pi*50*c*L*j;
A=(Y/2)*Z+1;
B=Z*((Y/4)*Z+1);
C=Y;
D=A;
else
disp('------ THIS IS LONG TRANSMISSION LINE ------')
disp(' ')
c=input('Per km capacitance in uF\n ');
c=c*(10^-6);
Y=2*pi*50*c*L*j;
K=sqrt(Y*Z);
M=sqrt(Y/Z);
A=cosh(K);
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B=sinh(K)/M;
C=M*sinh(K);
D=A;
end
Ir=S/((sqrt(3)*Vl));
IR =((Ir))*complex(cos(-acos(Fi)),sin(-acos(Fi)));
VS=A*Vr+B*IR;
IS=C*Vr+D*IR;
Ps=3*real(VS*(conj(IS)));
VR=abs((((abs(VS)/abs(A))-abs(Vr))/abs(Vr)))*100;
Pr=S*0.8;
EF=(Pr/Ps)*100;
Qs=3*imag(VS*(conj(IS)));
F=cos(atan(Qs/Ps));
fprintf('\n')
disp('No load receiving end voltage');
disp(abs(Vr))
disp('No load sending end current');
disp(abs(IS))
disp('Sending end p.f.');
disp(F)
disp('Voltage Regulation of the line');
disp(VR)
disp('Transmission Efficiency of the line');
disp(EF)
end
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Output
50
33000
0.2
Per km inductance in mH
0.3
1100000
0.8
14
1.9053e+07
1.9245e+04
0.8013
1.0939
98.7531
15
2.2222e+05
Line losses:
2.2222e+04
1.3591e-06
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Advantages
1. Easy to calculate efficiency, regulation, losses, length of transmission line
2. Time saves.
3. Easy to use
4. User friendly
Dis advantages
17
CONCLUSION
receiving end voltage, and copper conductance the resultant output user
can get line losses, length of transmission line and which type of
end voltage, resistance per km, inductance per km, receiving power,
lagging power factor and user get no load receiving end voltage, no load
sending end current, sending end power factor, voltage regulation of the
18
REFERENCES
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