UNIT-7

THERMODYNAMI CS

Avaluat Youselh
. COa COt H0
+Ha
4H =
2
4a

(-393-5+o
- 242
-

-
111-31

353 31 + 393.5
= t 4 0 I9 k I mat

2AH =
nCp (-T)
Given ma HD
n.
Mstecula mas oh H0

'K
CP 7 5 . 3 J mol
Cp
T 25+273 298k
loo + 2 7 3 3 73 k,
T
10 x 753 (373 298)
AH
753 x75
5 6 475 J
56 45kT.
3 AH AUtan,R°T

4U--3 268 12 kJ
-3
R 8 314 not
AH ?
4n: 6-7
3
T25+213 298K -3
AH 3 268-12 + ( - x 8:314 x110 298
x 298,

- 3 268 12 -3.72
32 71 84 kJmot
valuato Yowrsel
Fon tte omalicn o On msla MgBa
raloasad'4 =524 kJ .
524 kJ

AH-5 MgB'2
Mg B2
H 3
AH 148
B72
Maa A193
737-5+1450
S /0
Ah I88
(-324 5 /

dt
Mg
By Hess's tHs +AH
toH,
4HtAH4
+ AH +
AH =
4H,
A Hs
Hs
AH,+AH t AHg 4 HAt
s =
A-
193-649J
1+8+2/88
t31+
=524 -
524 1 9 1 1

2435
kImot
AH =
EnargH, U + 2435 kJmol
hattica
5Pocantage athiciency "
4+213 320K
121+273= 00 N
320 o
400

/400-320 0p

20

Co H)+H0>2NH3 t C

AS2 = 4sPedach 24rant

.24SN 4-4suatSa

70J
ax192 5) +213:5 -U13 8+
385 t23 5 - R43 8

5 98.5 243:8
3547,JKant

39840 Tmot
AHy 3984 k J mo
T 351KK

A AH
351

1/3.5 JKmo
AG AN- T s

H - 1okJmo
-10000 J mol

As 20 J dag A
T =
3oo K
AGG =
- lo0Do-(300 x -20).
-looo0 6b00

A000 J
4kTmot

Tt is Spontaneous
hogative,
AF boo K .

A ooO0 (600x-a0).
-1o00o+|2Oo'b

+2oo0 J.
2k3mot
AG ó positve., T t As, nen-Spontanaou ,
 Unit 7
Ans we Bruahy
AG =-2:303 RTAog10 Kaa
/0
- 3 03 RT Log
o

- 2 303 RT xl
2 303 RT
V
N alus

Spontaneous
Tho Soacluen

43 W i down the Boin- Hakar Cycla

o tta htin ation o Ca C .
4 H
Cag + a Ca Ca(
A
N
Ca

53 W -303 nRT log l

R 8 314 Jkmo
 T 5+a13 = 298K

V 5oo ml= O SL.

.w = - 3 0 3 x 2x 8 314 x298 Log (65

-2303 xe.314 x 596 LoglA)
596 x o.6oa
2:303 X 8 3/4 x

6870 9 8
6 8 71 J
- 6.87k3.

55 Ssysam

245
45
3 50
77+273

-O.7 Jk

33t273
ASswoundj
245 0 8 JK
-306
= ASse t Ssw
univSa =-07 F 08 .

0 . I T*'

nRT
v=
tdeal aas
51 F6 an
T Py
hR
,nR
PV
 3710
A s - 3 7 1 0 x Ix0-082)
AS:
R D 0 21 kt ol
37-15 JK P-4:1 a l
V9 Lit

51 AHHusi en 44=30-4 x/0 I

4S 4 Tk
uien.

u 30X LO0
Tpu AS:
-

28-h
= 1070-4K.

b teCmbus tien Propara

h atien
LS C Hg 5 9 3o +4 H0

A - 24haacbo
HecaH =
(Preolueh
22202
234c44 4 -
0
-2220-2 - 34-393.5)+4 (-285-8-h

ycH) - 2220:2-11800:s
-

1143 2
c 2220 2- a323 7
-103. 5 kJ.
51 EtRanst.
Jmo k7
y 42-hx10
AHv
As T 784 t 273
- 3S 14 k
T
4 0 120:h6, JKmot
3 514
Iotuan 4H- 8 S2x1o Jr n
AH
b lo. 6t273
b 3 a3 6. k.
852x 10
3836
9176 TKmoi

60 A&= 4HTAS H 3o sbx 10Jk

Censido , At=0 T 7.
As 6 66 TK
..AHTAS =0.
TAS AH

Ta 4S
3
3 05 6 x 1D

666
4588 k
i)AE A588 K , AG =0
Tha eartten ilibu' um

ii Balow 4588k, GiO,

GI A H - TAs o.

h oaiuen s non- SP8ntaneeus

 4H77.3 x1=77200 Jk7 m
AS :"122 TkT ma
T: 40ok .

-2 3 03RT Log K
4 AH-T4
7200 A00 xI22

7T2 co 8 &oD
= 2 8 4 oO
R 83/
4G T 40o
3 0 3 RT:

284o
400
303 x 8-3/4 x
- 3 70*

a Ant:leg(-3-70o)
= 95 x 104,

AH U+ RT4
U:- 742 4 xio J mo
AH --74 2400 +& 314 x228
R & 314
-742400 +| 238 78 T: 29
741161 2
-74 6KJmaf

3. CH CHa g,t Ha CH-CH3

Cstylen c-H414 ÅTmoi H-144 35 kJ
c-C 347
 AH =2 Bened enag -2Bord ongy
raotards Producls.

-G18 +4xhl4)+ 43s]-547(bx4I))

bl8 + 1656+ 43S 347- 2 84
- 122 k.J mal

&H Ca Ca s.
Cas,
Ca a-795
121

=?
Co
ax-355

Ca 2C

Accndig b Hess's Law

law,
+4H +4H +H
AH 4 H, +AH
AH 4H 4H+AHat44t 444
+2429-7
=
-795-al+2422
- 2870.8 -

E +28108 kJ

5 FeOg+3CO +3co

H sH; (Produek -4aactanh)

24 HEt30HKc)-lo "Ey* 3ahco
 H (8xb) f3(-3 94 5)-[- 1h1+3-/31
-183.5+ T41+
- 3 ) 5kJ: mst

7 Na O, No
2xSD 0 0 T= 33 K.

Ka
AG 2 303 RTLu Kea
2 303 8314 x 3 3 x ug 2
2 3 63 x 9. 3/4 x 33 x 0 3OJo

-1 86 21 Jmol

AH A(Paaguel) 2 ranstan)
O

396L-297+
396+ 27
= 7 2 kT moil:

C.
69 2A +B

AG : AH- TAS
ol G=0-

H -TAS =O
 TAS =AH
AH 00
T =
O 2.
200o K
AE 20ooK AGO

loook A=-Ve
Above
Co Abova 20ooK,tRa
2qrtióon w ould
bo Spentancous

4t -2 303 RT Log Kag.

AG
R-314
:303 RT uiTz498k
40436kJmo
--13-6 x1o) -13 6XidJn
2 303 x 8-314 x298

2 38
Ko Aniloy (2:38

a39 88 C

CHA t 202 COa + H 0

Lat vot. o Ct4 3as =

xlit
clit
lut.
COgPnodursd em CHa
.'. vot.

TYot e CH+ Vot at 3.67

a H+ 30 2c0 + a t
(3 67- 37-).
 Tha tota vot. Co produeoo
mixlwe = 611 Lit

C + 2 (3 6 7 - ) =6:1)
=
6:l1
C + 734 x

S 7 34 -6
2 3

iF
Yot o CH 23

23
Vo o H, = 3 : 6 7 - 1

Combuyusn
Haat evotvad oling

x 23
22h 22h

9 0 - 1423
x '23 22-4 X2 44}
22.4

-8 8 7-15
203 87 kTmad'

AG= -2-303 RTua Kaq.

66B A
TE 952 %, AJ= 13., T 4175
+273
=

8 K.
Kaa 395:2 0 01366

AG = -2 303 x8 314 x 44 8 log o.01366.

2303 X8 314 xA 8(-1865
/5:998 kJ
 BC
B 952%. CeJ 3 5%.
3 5
Kas 95 2 O 0367.
O o367
X448 log
4t -2:303 x8 3/4

(-1436)
X83/ x 48
-23o3

/ 2 309 k Jmo

TT 298k
29845 K.

Calonimatar Censtant k 2s kJK

Mas o te gas 3 5a
Urtelar mass 7ha a

Hea ewatvas, k 6 T
- k -T)
2Sa28- +5-2Ie)
2.5 xo:4s
-1125 kJ
Entalpy Combuuien
tha gas, 4H= m Lteular ma
12 x%
3 S

AHe. : 9 kJmo1