PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON

Ex: She couldn’t go to school because she was sick.

S V
= She couldn’t go to school because of her sickness.
Noun phrase
= She couldn’t go to school because of being sick.
V-ing phrase
FORM: 1. Because = Since = As = for + S + V
* Now that ( bởi vì) + Clause (HTĐ, HTTD, HTHT)

2. Because of + V-ing (cùng chủ ngữ)

+ Noun phrase (the / this / her / his + (adj) + N )
+ one’s + V-ing (khác chủ ngữ)
+ the fact that + clause (khác chủ ngữ)
* Because of = due to, owing to , on account of , as a result of
Eg: He couldn’t go out because (1) he was ill.  because of being ill / his illness
(2) he had a flu.  because of having a flu.
(3) the weather was bad.  because of the bad weather.
(4) his leg was injured.  because of his injured leg.
Eg: Because of the war, we lost touch with each other.  Because there was a war /the war broke out, we lost touch with each other.
PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
Ex: They had a picnic although the weather was bad.
S V
= They had a picnic in spite of the bad weather.
Noun phrase
FORM:
Although = Even though = Though + S + V
Despite the fact that + S + V
In spite of = Despite + Noun phrase (the / this / her / his + N )
V-ing phrase
* Despite = regardless of (bất kể điều gì) = notwithstanding

Notes: + Adj + THOUGH + S + V = HOWEVER + ADJ + S + V

= Adj + AS + S + V
ANOTHER CLAUSES
1.

2. Clauses after IT’S TIME, IT’S HIGH TIME ( đã đến lúc)

Ex: It’s time you started to work.
= It’s time for you to start to work.
FORM:
It’s time + S + V ( past) It’s time + ( for + O ) + to + V
It’s high time (be  were) It’s high time

EXERCISE: IN SPITE OF, DESPITE / ALTHOUGH, THOUGH - BECAUSE OF / BECAUSE :

1. "I have tried hard but I can't earn enough money."means……………
a.Although I have tried hard, I can't earn enough money. b.I have tried hard and so I can't earn enough money.
c.I have tried hard so that I can't earn enough money. d.I have tried hard to I can't earn enough money.
2. He was very unhappy…….his father's illness.
a.although b.in spite of c.because d.because of
3. Some workers are so poor that they don't want to quit their job…..…..they are ill-treated.
a.despite b.although c.since d. if
4. Road conditions in our country suffered a severe setback…..….of the war.
a.as a result of b.because c.despite d.in spite of the fact that
5. Different as they are, all these advertisement have the same purpose.
a.Because they are different b.Although they are different c.Due to their different d.Since they are different
6. Schools teach mathematics………it plays an important part in our lives.
a.because b.since c.as d.all are correct
7. We couldn't sleep last night………..the noise next door.
a.although b.since c.because d.because of
8. The coffee was too hot for me to drink.
a.I couldn't drink the coffee because it was hot. b.Although the coffee was hot, I would drink it
c.Because of the hot coffee, I will drink it. d.As it is hot, I would drink the coffee.
9. We can't see the road……...the fog.
a.because of b.although c.because d.despite
10. They were sacked……….their carelessness.
a.because b.because of c.although d.despite
11. These boys were punished…..……they went to school late.
a.in spite of b.because c.even though d.as if
12. The flight was delayed……..….fog.
a.as a result of b.because of c.due to d.all are correct
13. She was absent from the meeting…….…her father had an operation.
a.due to b.because c.because of d.in spite of
14 . We didn't enjoy the trip……..…one of our friends felt sick.
a.although b.as if c.so as to d.because
15 ……………the encouraging response, the manager decided to continue the project.
a.Because b.Because of c.Even though d.As if
16 …….he worked with the deaf for many years and patented many devices to help them, Alexander Graham Bell will forever be
remembered for inventing the telephone.
a.In spite of b.Despite c.Even though d.Nevertheless
17 ………….the bad weather, the plane landed safely.
a.In spite b.In spite of c.Despite the fact that d.Though
18. The plane took off………..the fog.
a.although b.even though c.despite d.as the result of that was
19 ………his exhaustion, he won the marathon by nearly three minutes.
a.In spite b.Although c.Despite d.However
20 ……..it was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat.
a.Despite b.In spite of c.However d.Although
21._______ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.
a. In spite b. Despite c. But d. Although
22. Despite _______, we knew that he was guilty.
a. denied b. denying c. he denied d. his denial
23. Despite the fact that _______, we enjoyed our trip.
a. the weather is bad b. it is a bad weather c. the bad weather d. the weather was bad
24. Julie failed the exam _______ of working very hard.
a. despite b. in spite c. even if d. though
25. Tom went to work despite _______.
a. that he did not feel very well b. of the fact not feeling well c. he did not feel very well d. not feeling very well
26. _______ his exhaustion, he won the marathon by nearly three minutes.
A. In spite B. Despite C. Although D. However
27. ______ the bad weather, the plan landed safely.
A. in spite B. in spite of C. despite the fact that D. though
28. _______ it was raining hard, he went out without a raincoat.
A. Despite B. In spite of C. However D. Although
29. They were sacked _____ their carelessness.
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
30. Some workers are so poor that they don’t want to quit their job _______ they are ill- treated
A. as though B. since C. although D. if
31. Though _______, they are good friends.
a. their sometimes quarrel b. to have a quarrel sometimes c. they sometimes have a quarrel d. of having a quarrel sometimes
32. Despite _______, we arrived on time.
a. the traffic b. of the traffic c. there was heavy traffic d. of there was heavy traffic
33. John rarely sees Paul _______ they live in the same town.
a. notwithstanding b. despite c. in spite of d. although
34. It was very cold _______ she did not put on her coat.
a. in case b. but c. even if d. even though
35. Gannon was a high-performing midfield linkman in spite _______.
a. of he was at his age b. he was at his old age c. of his age d. his age
36. _______ the increase in their salaries, many French employees spend Saturday at work.
a. Despite b. Even if c. Even though d. In spite
37. _____ he is the boss, he does not find solutions to problems very easily.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Notwithstanding (mặc dù) d. Despite
38. Even if _______, they had to continue practicing.
a. the players' soreness b. the players were sore c. the fact that the players were sore d. it was the players' soreness
39. _______ what I said last night, I still love you.
a. In spite b. Despite c. Even though d. Even if
40. ____________ jobs you do, you should do it devotedly.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whenever D. Whatever
41. ______________ you are, I still love you.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever
42. _______ we have worked overtime for weeks, we have not completed the project.
a. In spite of b. Even though the fact that c. Despite d. Despite the fact that
43. In spite _______ his did not get the highest grade in the final exam.
a. of his intelligence b. he was intelligent c. his intelligence d. of he was intelligent
44. _______ the plane took off late, we still reached our destination on time.
a. Though b. In spite c. Despite d. As though
45. He had a terrible cold _______ he insisted on going swimming.
a. despite b. although c. in spite of d. but
46. _______ I became a millionaire, I would carryon working.
a. Even though b. Despite of c. In spite d. Although that
47. In spite _______, we understood most of what he was saying.
a. of he was lisping b. his lisp c. of his lisp d. he was lisping
48. __________ he is nice, I can’t love him.
a. though b. in spite c. despite d. in spite the fact that
49. He is not happy ______________ he is very rich.
a. Despite b. Even if c. Even though d. In spite
50. _____________ he does, he always careful.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever
Exercise1:Underline the correct option in each of the following sentences:
1. The school boy are in a hurry (not to/ in order not to) miss their school bus.
2. They were talking in whispers (so that/ so as) nobody could hear them.
3. My mother needs a tin opener(to open/ for opening) the bottles.
4. Advice is given (in order that / in order to) students can choose the best course.
5. You may put your money in a small coin bank (so that/ in order to) keep it safe.
Exercise2: Fill each blank with BUT – SO – HOWEVER – THEREFORE where appropriate :
1. You could fly via (qua)Singapore, ................................, this isn’t the only way.
2.The boy was able to learn English , ........................ he is very lazy.
3.He didn’t attend the lesson , ................................... he could not do his homework.
4.The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, ............................... we bought 10 kilos.
5.Your son is heading the right direction, ........................ I think you should encourage him to learn harder.
6.It was midnight, ........................ the restaurant was still open.
7.It was midnight, ......................... they closed the restaurant and went home.
8.He had written her many times , but she didn’t give any reply , ..................... they had been out of touch ever since.
9.We discussed the issue all day, ......................... we couldn’t come to a final conclusion.
10.It started to rain hard , ............................... we decided to stay at home to watch TV.
11.The wind was howling outside, ................................... it was warm and comfortable indoor.
12.The highway was under construction, .............................. we had to take a different route to work.
13. Jackson was going to study all night, ............................ he declined our invitation to dinner.
14,There is still much to discuss . We shall, ........................... , return to this item at our next meeting.
15. The holiday had been a complate disaster. We , ........................ , decide to fly home early if we could..
Exercise3: Choose the most correct option:
1. Mary jogs everyday ______ lose weight.
A. so she can B. so that she can C. because she can D. so that to
2. We’ll be late ______ we hurry.
A. if B. despite C. unless D. when
3. She failed the test ______ she studied hard.
A. although B. even though C. as D. A and B
4. You should bring an umbrella ______ it rains.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. because of
5. He went on working ______ feeling unwell.
A. although B. unless C. due to D. despite
6. They decided to go ______ the danger.
A. because B. in spite of C. although D. so
7. ______ they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer.
A. However B. In spite of C. Although D. if
8. Jane has a computer, ______ she doesn’t use it.
A. and B. since C. but D. in spite of
9. ______ we had got on the plane, it started to rain.
A. If B. While C. Before D. As soon as.
10. We have to wait ______ everybody else finishes their turn.
A. when B. but C. so D. until
11. Mark heard the news on the radio _______ he was driving home.
A. while B. as C. until D. A and B
12. What are you going to do _______ graduating from university?
A. before B. after C. so D. because
13. I am not so good at English, _______ I have to practice more.
A. but B. so C. while D. despite
14. ______ the fact that she fail the exam, she didn’t look disappointed.
A. although B. despite C. in spite of D. because of
15. We didn’t go to France last summer______ we couldn’t afford to.
A. so B. when C. because D. because of
16. You can’t drive a car ______ you have a license.
A. unless B. so C. in case D. if
17. ______the flight delay, they didn’t attend the conference.
A. Because B. As C. Although D. Because of
18. The storm was so strong . _____ all the crops were destroyed.
A. However B. As a result C. Consequently D. B and C
19. Everyone thought she would accept the offer ______, she turned it down.
A. However B. So C. Too D. Moreover
20. You should look up the meaning of the new in the dictionary _____ misuse it
A. so as to B. to C. so as not to D. so that
21. I bought this new software _____ Chinese.
A. for learning B. learning C. to learn D. learned
22. The flight from New York to London was delayed ______ the heavy fog.
A. because of B. because C. so D. as a result
23. It’s _____ city that he’s got lost.
A. a such big B. such big C. such a big D. a very big
24. There are _____ in the universe that we cannot count them.
A. so much stars B. so many stars C. such stars many D. such stars much
25. He has ____ to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us.
A. so much work B. so many work C. such much work D. such a work.
26. It is _____ book that just a few people like it.
A. so an old B. so old C. such old D. such an old
27. The satellite travel _____ into space that nobody could see it with naked eyes.
A. so far B. such far C. too far D. far enough
28. ______ the bad weather, the plan landed safely.
A. in spite B. in spite of C. despite the fact that D. though
29. It was ____ that we went for a walk.
A. a beautiful weather B. so a beautiful night C. so nice weather D. such a nice weather
30. He lighted the candle ______ he might read the note.
A. so that B. and C. because D. as a result
31. _______ his exhaustion, he won the marathon by nearly three minutes.
A. In spite B. Despite C. Although D. However
32. He has worked for the same company _____ he left school.
A. because B. since C. then D. for
33. _______ it was raining hard, he went out without a raincoat.
A. Despite B. In spite of C. However D. Although
34. The coffee was _____ to drink.
A. so strong B. strong C. enough strong D. too strong
35. It was ____ that we went for a hike in the mountains.
A. so a nice day B. so nice day C. such nice day D. such a nice day
36. Julie is not _____ to see this film.
A. as old enough B. enough old C. enough old as D.old enough
37. ______ I meet her, she always wears a blue dress.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever
38. The film was ______ through.
A. too long for us to see B. very long for us to see it C. too long for us seeing it D. too long enough for us to see
39. Hoa was late _____ her car was broken down.
A. if B. whether C. because D. while
40. We couldn’t sleep last night _____ the noise next door.
A. although B. since C. because D. because of
41. ______ he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle.
A. Because B. Since C. As D. all are correct
42. ______ I have time, I will go with you,
A. If B. Unless C. So D. So that
43. He was too scare ______ me what he really thought.
A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told
44. These boys were punished ______ they went to school late.
A. in spite of B. as if C. even though D. because
45. They were sacked _____ their carelessness.
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
46. Will you be ______ kind _____ to help me?
A. so/ enough B. too/ enough C. enough/ too D. such/ too
47. Some workers are so poor that they don’t want to quit their job _______ they are ill- treated
A. as though B. since C. although D. if
48. He turned off the lights before going out _____ waste electricity.
A. so that not B. as not to C. in order that not D. so as not to
49. The school boys are in hurry ______ they will not be late for school.
A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for
50. He ______ I was scared.
A. drove too fast that B. drove so fastly that C. drove so fast that D. drove such fast that
51. She dances _____ everybody adores her.
A. such beautifully that B. so beautiful that C. too beautifully that D. so beautifully that
52. It is ______ to go swimming.
A. too cold B. so cold C. such a cold D. enough cold that
53. The bed is not clean enough ______ .
 A. to lie in it B. to lie in C. for lying in D. in which to lie
54. The piano was too heavy ______.
A. for nobody to move B. for nobody to moving C. for anyone to move D. for anyone to moving
55. He _____ to be offered the job.
A. was such experienced B. was too experienced C. B and D D.not experienced enough
56. _______ to go to the cinema.
A. it was late so that B. that it was late C. it was too late D. such too late
57. We don’t _____to go there now.
A. have time enough B. enough time C. have too time D. have enough time
58. I don’t think our daughter is _______ to understand this matter.
A. too young B. is such young C. not enough young D. not age enough
59. Mrs. Harrison is _____ he owns many palaces.
A. so a rich man that B. such an rich man that C. such a rich man that D. that so rich man a
60. He just had to apologize _______ he knew he had made a mistake.
A. before B. wherever C. due to D. because
61. I often feel tired ______ I get up in the morning.
A. although B. so long as C. when D. while
62. No sooner had he come _______ he knew he had dropped his wallet.
A. when B. after C. than D. then
63. _______ the church service, people keep quiet.
A. While B. During C. When D. As
64. ______ in doubt about taking the medicine, consult your doctor.
A. As B. Though C. As soon as D. When
65. She hasn’t received a single letter from him _______ they both left school.
A. as B. because C. since D. now that
66. _______ I am aware, this is the last talk on the topic.
A. Where B. As long as C. Since D. As far as
67. He wouldn’t have failed his exams _______ he hadn’t been ill.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. although
68. _______ he gets home before us and can’t get in?
A. if B. What if C. If only D. Unless
69. _______ you change your mind, I won’t able to help you.
A. If only B. Because C. Unless D. Provided
70. _______ you keep it in good condition, I’ll lend you my car.
A. So long as B. Although C. Because D. While
71. Fail to pay the bill ______ they will cut off the electricity
A. unless B. and C. so D. if
72. It is such an important matter _______ I can’t decide anything about it myself.
A. so B. because C. that D. if
73. He hid that letter in a drawer _______ no one could read it.
A. so that B. because C. although D. than
74. _______ Tom was unable to see anything, he knew someone was in his room.
A. Because B. In case C. If D. Even though
75. _______other workers’ constant objection, the director dismissed the workers.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
76. _______ some scientists use lasers for military purposes, others use them in medicine.
A. When B. While C. Until D. However
77. It seems _______ those students haven’t learnt this grammar point before.
A. so that B. as if C. such that D. even though
78. They were disqualified_______ they fought to the last minute.
A. as B. since C. though D. once
79. The teacher explained the lesson twice _____ the students understood it clearly.
A. as long as B. so that C. because D. as if
80. Huong didn’t participate in the contest ______ her lack of confidence.
A. because B. because of C. since D. despite
81. It is _____ that I have read it twice.
A. such an interesting book B. so interesting a book C. too interesting a book D. A and B
82. Lili is ______ to do this exercise.
A. no intelligence enough B. not intelligent enough C. not enough intelligent D. so intelligent enough
83. I am _____ a car.
A. not rich enough to buy B. too rich enough to buy C. too poor to buy D. A and C
84. The ceiling is ______.
A. too high for me to reach B. too high for me to reach it.
C. so high for me reaching D. enough high of me to reaching
85. The woman was so beautiful ______.
A. that I couldn’t help looking at B. that I couldn’t help looking at her
C. for me looking at her D. that for me to look at
86. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.
A. such a nice weather B. too nice weather C. such nice weather D. such weather nice
87. These are ______ that I can’t finish them.
A. a such long assignments B. such long assignments C. such a long assignments D. too long assignments
88. He goes to England_____.
A. so that he learns English B. so that he may learn English C. so to learn English D. so he learns English
89. It was too late _____.
A. to go for them to the party. B. for them to go to the party. C. because they go to the party. D. so they go to the party.
90. Cindy is sick. She can’t go to work.
A. Cindy is too sick to go to work B. Cindy is sick enough to go to work
C. Cindy is such sick that she can’t go to work D. Cindy is sick so that she can’t go to work
91. She hid the present______ _______.
A. so that the children wouldn’t find it B. in order to the children not to find it
C. for the children not find it D. in order that the children not to find it
92. The teacher was explaining the lesson slowly and clearly_____.
A. to make his students to understand it B. in order that his students can understand it
C. so as to that his students could understand it D. so that his students could understand it
93. They are _____.
A. so lazy boys as they are punished B. so lazy boys that they are punished
C. such lazy boys that they are punished D. such lazy that they are punished
94. “It was so cold. We couldn’t go out. ” means ______.
A. It was so cold that we couldn’t go out B. It was too cold for us to go out
C. It was such cold that we couldn’t go out D. A and B
95. The boy always does his homework before class ______.
A. so as not to be punished by the teacher B. so as to be punished by the teacher
C. so that not to be punished by the teacher D. in order that not to be punished by the teacher
96. “ I tried to study English well. I want to get a good job.” Means________.
A. I tried to study English well so that I can get a good job B. I tried to study English well in order that I can get a good job C. I
tried to study English well to get a good job D. all are correct
97. “His stomach cancer was too serious to have an operation. ” Means _______.
A. His stomach cancer was so serious that the doctor couldn’t operate on him
B. His stomach cancer was so serious to have an operation
C. His stomach cancer was too serious so that the doctor could operate on him
D. His stomach cancer was serious so that to have an operation
98. “They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear them.” Means _____.
A. They whispered in order to make anyone hear them B. They whispered so that no one could hear them
C. They whispered to make everyone hear them D. They whispered in order that make everyone hear them
99. “I spoke slowly. The foreigner could understand me. ”means _____.
A.I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me B.I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me
C.I spoke such slowly that the foreigner could understand me D.I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me
100.“We preserve natural resources. We can use them in the future.” Means_____.
A. We preserve natural resources so that we can use them in the future
B. We preserve natural resources so as to we can use them in the future
C. We preserve natural resources for future use D. A and C
Bài tập 2: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well. => In spite of …………………………………………….………………
2. Mary could not go to school because she was sick.=> Because of ………………………………………………………………………
3. Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.=> Despite ……………………………………………………..………….
4. My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.=> In spite of ………………………………………….……………………..
5. Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.=> Because of ………………………………………………………………………..
6. Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.=> Despite ………………………………..………………………..
7. Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.=> Despite ……………………………………………..
8. In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job.=> Although………………………………………………………………………….
9. Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.=> In spite of …………………………………………………………………….
10. In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.=> Even though …………………….…………………………
11. Noone could build the cottage because it rained heavily. => Because of………………………………………………………………….
12. All the cars stopped because there was a cow in the street. => Because of …………………………………………………………….
13. We wnet on a picnic in spite of the cold weather. => Although ……………………………………………………………………….
14. Minh came to class this morning despite having a bas cold. => Even though………………………………………………………….
15. Because she behaved badly, everyone hates her. => Because of……………………………………………………………………..
16. Nam took engineering because of his uncle’s advice. => Because …………………………………………………………………..
17. Women could delay having children because the birth control was developed.
=> Because of …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….
18. Even though it was cold, I went swimming. => Despite…………………………………………………………………………………
19. In spite of his poor knowledge of English, Nam gets along very well in class discussion.
=> Although………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..
20. Ann took the job despite the low salary. => Although……………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 4: Find out the error
1. The prices of accommodation are as big that many people cannot afford to buy a house.
A B C D
2. He had smoked so a lot of cigarettes that he died of cancer.
A B C D
3. In spite of my father is old, he gets up early and does morning exercises.
A B C D
4. Although the bad traffic, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time.
A B C D
5. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming.
A B C D
6. The workers went on strikes because of they thought their wages were low.
A B C D
7. Please arrive on time in order to we will be able to start the meeting punctually.
A B C D
8. It was so a funny film that I burst out laughing.
A B C D
9. They had to sell their house because of they had been broke.
A B C D
10. They can speak English and use a computer so as to they can easily get a good job.
A B C D
11. In order that to buy his new car, he had to borrow his friend some money.
A B C D
12. He was tired so that he couldn’t continue his work.
A B C D
13. Those students are trying their best in order that to get the scholarship.
A B C D
14. Sound is carried from the eardrum to the nerves so as to we can hear it.
A B C D
15. Many teachers have devoted all their lives to teaching so teaching is not a well paid job.
A B C D
16. Mai has such many things to do that she has no time to go out.
A B C D
17. Because it was late, so that he tried to type the contract as fast as possible.
A B C D
18. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam.
A B C D
19. My only regret is that I didn’t study English good enough to get a good job.
A B C D
20. The novel was such interesting that I had read it all night.
A B C D
Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences :
1.He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train à He ……………………………………………………………………
2.Leave early so that you may get home before dark à In order to ……………………………………………………….………………
3.We should do morning exercises regularly to improve our health à We …………………………………………………………………
4.Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books à Mary ……………………………………………………………
5.She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold à In order ………………………………………………………………………
6.Please shut the door in order that the dog won’t go out of the house à Please……………………………………………………………
7.My father drove carefully in order not to cause accidents à My father ……………………………………………………………………
8.He moved to the front row so that he could hear the speaker better à To …………………………………………………………………
9. Athough he is sick, he goes to school.à In spite of ………………………………………………………………………………
10. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully.à Despite …………………………………………………………………
11. Everybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty.à Although …………………………………………………………………
12. They worked very hard although they were old.à In spite …………………………………………………………………………
13. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.à Because of …………………………………………………………………
14.We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.à………………………………………………………………………… …………
15 He is tired because of staying up late last night.à………………………………………………………………………………………
Notes:
1. Much as (nói về tình cảm) + S +V : Nhấn mạnh của mệnh đề Although
Eg: Though I love her so much, I will say goodbye. = Much as I love her, I will say goodbye.
2. ADJ/ADV + AS / THOUGH + S + V
Eg: Though she is beautiful, nobody wants to make friend with her.
= Beautiful as / though she is, nobody wants to make friend with her.
3. WHATEVER = NO MATTER WHAT + N + S + V Eg: Whatever clothes she wears, she looks beautiful.
+ N + V Eg: Whatever goods are produced, they are sold out.
+ S + V Eg: Whatever they say, you shouldn’t believe them.
+ V Eg: Whatever happens, remember to write to me.
 Notes: + whatever = anything Eg: You can do anything as long as you pay attention to the road when you are driving.
= Whatever you do, pay attention to the road when you are driving
Danh từ theo sau Whatever ở dạng số nhiều hay danh từ không đếm được .
4. HOWEVER = NO MATTER HOW + ADJ / ADV + S + V Eg: However strong you are, you can’t open that door.
+ S + V Eg: However you behave, your parents love you.
5. - WHOEVER = NO MATTER WHO + V Eg: Whoever goes to the shop, please remember to buy some milk.
+ S + V Eg: He make friends easily with whoever he meets.
- WHICHEVER = NO MATTER WHICH + N + S + V Eg: Whichever road you take to Rome, you will need to drive carefully.
- WHENEVER = NO MATTER WHEN + S + V Eg: Call me whenever you need something
- WHEREVER = NO MATTER WHERE + S + V Eg: You can put the present wherever you want.
6. WHETHER + S + V + OR NOT Eg: I will leave whether it rains or not
+ OR NOT + S + V whether or not it rains.
+ TO inf + Or + (to) inf Eg: I don’t know whether to stay or (to) leave.
7. Verbless clause: ALTHOUGH + (S + TOBE) + ADJ/ V_ED/3 Eg: Although tired, I tried to finish my homework.
Rút gọn
8. V + AS + S + WOULD/MIGHT Eg: Try as (hard as) I might/would, I couldn’t open the door.

EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences:

1. Try as hard as I might I couldn’t open the door.  No matter ………………………………………………………………………
2. You may do as you please, I don’t love you.  No matter ………………………………………………………………………….
3. She may live anywhere, the police will find her.  No matter …………………………………………………………………….
4. Although he chose any job, his parents were pleased with him. --> Whatever ……………………………………………………….
5. No matter what sorts of difficulties you may encounter, you should keep your promise.
 Whatever ………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. No matter what happens, don’t forget to write to me.  Whatever ………………………………………………………..
7. She never seems to succeed, even though she studies much.  Much as ………………………………………………………..
8. I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements.  Much as ……………………………………………………..
9. Mary always fails in her exams though she studies hard.  However ……………………………………………………………
10. He never seems to be healthy, even though he eats well.  However ……………………………………………………………
11. In spite of his strength, he is timid.  However …………………………………………………………………….
12. However lazy you are, you must feed yourself .  Lazy …………………………………………………………………….
13. You return at anytime, but she waits for you.  No matter …………………………………………………………………
14. In spite of his hard life, he is determined to study well.  Hard ……………………………………………………………
15. He does anything, he always tries his best.  Whatever …………………………………………………………………….
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