Title Page

Table of Contents
List of Tables _____________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations ________________________________________________

1.0 Business Case ___________________________________________________________
1.1. Executive Summary ______________________________________________
1.2. Problem Statement _______________________________________________
1.3. Project Overview ________________________________________________
1.3.1 Project Title _____________________________________________
1.3.2 Project prescription _______________________________________
1.3.3 Project Benefits __________________________________________
1.3.3.1 Individual Benefits ________________________________
1.3.3.2 Public Benefits ___________________________________
1.4 Costs __________________________________________________________
2.0 Scope Statement
2.1 Project Objectives __________________________________________
2.2 Project Deliverables _________________________________________
2.3 Success Factors ____________________________________________
2.4 Constraints ________________________________________________
3.0 Planning and Control
3.1 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) _____________________________
3.2 Project Schedule (Grant Chart _________________________________
3.3 Project Control Plans ________________________________________
4.0 Risk Management Plan
5.0 Stakeholders
References
Appendixes
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Project Boundaries

Table 2: Costs Estimation
Table 3: Gantt Chart
Table 4: Control plans

Table 5: Risks identification and mitigation strategies

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)
African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP)
Project Management Institute in their Guidelines for Project Management Body of Knowledge
(PMBOK)
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
1.0 BUSINESS CASE
The section presents the executive summary, problem statement, project overview and
cost estimation.
1.1. Executive Summary
In late 2019, the world was struck with the emergence of Covid-19, a deadly virus that
encircled the world between 2019 and 2020. Since then, the Coronavirus is still with us and there
are no signs that it will leave very soon. One of the ways developed to curb the spread of Covid-
19 is through vaccination. African leaders are incredibly concerned with the rate at which
Coronavirus is spreading across the continent and Africa needs to do more to ensure its health
security by building its capacity to develop and make vaccines. As a renowned
intergovernmental institution in Africa, the Africa Union, in collaboration with the Africa Centre
for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) seek to embark on a vaccine development
project. This project plan serves as a blueprint for the African Union Vaccine Development
Project (AUVDP). The main aim of this project plan report is to provide information necessary
for the implementation and execution of the African Union Vaccine Development Project
(AUVDP). The report discusses the scope statement of the project. It highlights the objectives
and deliverables of the project. The report also discusses the planning and control systems. The
Work Breakdown Structure and the Grant Charts are used to present the time scheduled for the
project. It states a four month duration starting from January 2 nd 2023 and ending April 28th 2023.
The report identifies potential risks and showcases some appropriates mitigation strategies that
the African Union and other stakeholders can adopt in the management of risks. The proposed
cost for which the project is seeking $384.7 Million of donations will give the African Union a
distinct and leading competitive advantage in the vaccine production market both continentally
and globally.

1.2. Problem Statement

Since the emergence of Covid-19 pandemic, African countries have relied strongly upon
importation of vaccines. African countries are still struggling with vaccine production and
development. Most of the vaccine production facilities found across the African continent are
instituted by foreign pharmaceutical industries (Zainab and Juliete, 2021). Pitifully, African
countries produce not up to 1% of all the vaccines used across the continent.
 As the highest intergovernmental body in Africa, the Africa Union, in collaboration with
the Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) seek to fill this gap by
working to increase African capacity to develop and produce vaccines, hence the need for this
project plan.
1.3. Project Overview
This section comprises of the project title, project prescription, project benefits and
project boundaries.

1.3.1 Project Title

The project is tagged “African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP)”

1.3.2 Project prescription

The African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP) is a project set up to design,
develop, produce and enhance the supply of Covid-19 vaccines.

1.3.3 Project Benefits

The outcome of this project will benefit both individuals and the general public.
1.3.3.1 Individual Benefits
 Deters individuals from contacting Covid-19.
 Helps already contacted individuals to recover quickly from Covid-19.
 Protects Individuals against other common diseases such as measles and polio.
 Helps to boost individuals’ immune system.
1.3.3.2 Public Benefits
 Awareness and achieving the AUVDP.
 Regular awareness campaign on public safety.
 Reduction in Covid-19 spread.
 Fast, dependable and reliable Vaccine specification.
 Reduction in death rate.
 Improved the health system.
 Reduction in vaccine hesitancy.
1.3.3.3 Project Boundaries
Project boundaries help to define what is in the scope of work. With project boundaries,
this project plan is able to set the line and limits of for the African Union Vaccine Development
Project (AUVDP) as shown below in table 1.
Table 1: Project Boundaries
Location African Continent
Sector Healthcare sector
Timeline 4 months

1.4 Costs Estimation

The accomplishment of any project lies on numerous factors but cost and financial
consideration is an essential component of project management. Akintoye (2000) states that
“without an accurate cost estimate, nothing short of an act of God can be done to prevent a loss,
regardless of management’s competence, financial strength of the contractor, or know how”.
This is why this project plan considers cost estimation at this point.
Table 2: Costs Estimation
Items Estimated Budget: USD Million
Labour 50.1
Materials and equipment 203.9
Campaign and public awareness 5.2
Services 75.5
Contingency 50.0
Total budget: USD 384.7

2.0 SCOPE STATEMENT

A scope statement is a key document that depicts the boundary in which the entire project
exists (Peter, 2022). Usually, a scope statement details project objectives, project deliverables,
success factors and criteria. Below is a scope statement of the African Union Vaccine
Development Project (AUVDP).
2.1 Project aims and objectives
The main aim of the African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP) is to
enhance the production of Covid-19 vaccines which would help to minimise the rate at which the
virus spread within the African continent.
The project objectives are as follows.
 To complete a Covid-19 vaccine production company within 4 months.
 To improve health security and reduce the rate of Covid-19 pandemic in Africa.
 To implement a centralised vaccine warehouse for the whole of Africa.
 To decrease the importation expenses spent on imported vaccines.
 To reduce health hazard.
 To enhance the knowledge of vaccine development.

2.2 Project deliverables

Project deliverables are the outputs that the African Union Vaccine Development Project
(AUVDP) intends to produce. The project deliverables include the following.

 Effective and reliable Covid-19 vaccine.

 Reduction in the rate of Covid-19 pandemic in Africa.
 Fast and reliable vaccine production system.
 Regular awareness campaign on public safety.
 Improved healthcare system.
2.3 Success factors
 A trusted partner like the Pasteur Institute should be negotiated and formed.
 A Memorandum of Understanding should be initiated and signed.
 Transportation management should ensure equipment and materials are delivered on time
and at the right location.
 Medical practitioners should be made available at the appropriate time when need be.
 Risk management should identify potential risks on time so as to proffer mitigation
strategies.
  Procurement management should ensure quality materials used for the project.
2.4 Constraints
 The timeframe for the project is four months which may not be enough.
 Cost is also identified. There may be limited cost left after the first two months.
 Africa does not have the technologies needed to build vaccine.
 Lastly, employees are said to have limited experiences and skills.

3.0 PLANNING AND CONTROL

It is hard to execute a project without proper planning. According to James (2000), “good
planning of the project is like a basic infrastructure of a building and if it not done correctly and
professionally will lead to serious consequences.” Project planning involves so many things to
include goal setting, forecasting of resources, determining project timeline. There are a number
of techniques that can be employed to plan a project. These techniques include the Gantt chart,
PERT/ CPA, the Logical Framework, Work breakdown structures, Responsibility Matrix, the
Network diagrams and many more (Mishra and Soota, 2009; Clements and Gido, 2009). For the
African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP), the Work breakdown Structure and the
Grant Chart technique are used to plan and schedule the project activities.

3.1 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Generally, the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is considered a tool which can be used
to breakdown a project or major activity into successive levels (Youg, 1993). This
decomposition enables supervisors or team leaders to define the relationship of the final
deliverable to its sub-deliverables (Burke, 1993). The essence of the Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS) is seen in the fact that it can be used to categorize a project into sub-projects or phases
that can be planned and executed individually (Martin, 1996). Essentially, the Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS) is suitable for designing and building projects that potentially have tangible
outcomes.
The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used as a project management tool which the
African Union can take as a step-by-step approach to executing the African Union Vaccine
Development Project (AUVDP). The WBS for this project states the task name under each
phrase, duration for each task and the delivery date (See Appendix 1). There are five phases in
this project. They include initiation phase, planning phase, execution stage, evaluation phase and
closure phase.

Initiation phase
This is the first stage of the African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP). This
is a short pre-project phase which enables African Union and other stakeholders to confirm the
need for the project. Under this phase, development of project charter, current situation and
problem statement, identification of goals and objectives, development of strategies and plans,
financial analysis and cost estimate, risks identification, strategic options and recommendations
and clinical research are considered.

Planning phase
This phase is the second phase of the project. Here, the African Union and other
stakeholders design and develop a task list and also communicate plans, budget and schedules of
the project. The basic activities under this stage include integration management, scope
management, human management, cost management, quality management, communication
management, risk management, procurement management and stakeholder management.

Execution phase
When planning has been done successfully, the next thing to do is to execute the plans as
depicted. Here, the African Union and other stakeholders carry out the details of the project
charter with the aim to deliver the proposed vaccine. All the tasks and deliverables are put into
action in this stage. The main responsibilities of the African Union and the project team are to
gather requirement, analyse requirement, discuss partnership, draft Memorandum of
Understanding, approve Memorandum of Understanding, draft vaccine specification and approve
vaccine specification.

Evaluation phase
 This is the penultimate stage of the project. In this stage, the African Union embark on a
systematic programme to assess how well it has achieved the set goals. Under this stage, clinical
evaluation, laboratory test, clinical trials in humans and approval of trials are to be carried out.
The main purpose of this evaluation is to determine the vaccine’s safety, purity, potency and
efficacy. Also, where there are lapses, the evaluation process will indicate what could be
improved on.

Closure phase
This is the last phase of the project. When the vaccine specification has been approved at
the evaluation, the next step is to confirm completion of the project deliverables to the
satisfaction of the sponsors. The major activities that take place in this stage are meeting sign off
and close project.

3.2 Project Schedule (GRANT CHART)

The Gantt Charts is one of the most popular project management tools that have been
utilized by supervisors and team leaders in most organizations (Geraldi and Lechler, 2012) and
specifically, in health care sector. It has been said to be the fourth most used tools in project
management (Besner and Hobbs, 2008). In late 1800, the Gantt Chart was developed by Henry
Gantt and since then, it has been redeveloped into different versions (Wren, 1987).
Today, Gantt charts are considered scientific tools that allow the users to graphically
show progress of a project (Lindkvist and Soderlund, 1998). Put simply, the Gantt chart enables
its users to view all subtasks of a task graphically in order to effectively track the progress of a
project. As Wren (1987) rightly put it, the Gantt Charts could be used extensively to keep eyes
on the utilization of resources. The beauty of Gantt Charts is that the tool enables its users to
control costs, daily production balance and quantity of work per day or per machine (Wren,
1987). The Grant Chart for the African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP) is
presented below in table 3.

Table 3: Gantt Chart

 Project Phrase 1st Month 2nd Month 3rd Month 4th Month

Initiation

Planning

Execution

Monitory and evaluation

Closure

The Grant Chart above depicts the project schedule for the African Union Vaccine
Development Project (AUVDP). It is shown that the African Union Vaccine Development
Project (AUVDP) will take a period of four months. In this first month of the project, the
stakeholders are to initiate the project and come up with suitable scope statement which can
further be used for planning. The planning processes also started in the first month and ended at
the beginning of the second month. Immediately after the planning stage is completed, it is
scheduled that the execution begins. As shown on the Grant Chart, the execution of the African
Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP) starts at the beginning of the third month and
span to last day of the third month. However, while the execution is still on-going, the evaluation
process begins in the third month of the project. The evaluation process will take place till mid of
the last of the month of the project, while the last two week of April is scheduled for project
closure.

3.3 Project Control Plan

Project control plan is a critical component of project management. According to
Nathalie, Salah and Robert (2018), project control is a fundamental aspect of project
management. It involves gathering of data and management of processes which can be used to
understand the current status of the project and assist in making effective management decision.
One cannot deny that effective control plan influence the time and cost outcomes of a project.
There is always the need to constantly identify deviations from the project plans through
effective project control system or plan. This will consequently prevent the project against
failure. Having noticed the importance of project control plan, we decided to develop the
following control plans to ensure that work and activities comply with the requirements of the
African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP) and conditions of contract.

Table 4: Control plans

S/ Control plans
N
1. It is ensured that stakeholders follow the project plan.
2. Project sponsors were reminded of the project timeline.
3. Daily reminders were sent to all team members, stakeholders and sponsors.
4. All legal actions were taken when the needs be.
5. All team members were made to follow standards.

4.0 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN

In this section, the project will discuss the role of risk management in successful project
delivery and also presents the risk management plan for the African Union Vaccine
Development Project (AUVDP). Today, there are reports of many failed projects that could have
been successful if the project managers or consultants had earlier indicated potential risks
(Bruegge and Dutoit, 2000). Each and every project is encircled with numerous risks which must
be managed if the project must be a successful one.
Risks, according to the Project Management Institute in their Guidelines for Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK-2008) are; “uncertain events or conditions that, if
they occur, have greater effect on at least one project objective.” They are events that have the
probability of occurring and could have either a positive or negative impact to a project (Ronald,
2013). This is why risk management is an essential element of project planning and delivery. In
other words, the management of risks is essential to project planning, execution and
implementation. As noted by Ronald (2013), risk management “includes processes for risk
management planning, identification, analysis, monitoring and control.” There is need for
identification of a few risks and adoption of different mitigation strategies for the African Union
Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP) to be a successful one. This project plan identifies a
few risks and adopts different mitigation strategies (See Appendix 1 for the risk assessment
matrix). Below are the registered risks and the mitigation strategies.

Table 5: Risks identification and mitigation strategies

Identified risks Mitigation strategies
Resistance from users Mitigated by increased marketing and awareness
campaigns.
Competition and resistance from the Mitigated through the incorporation of the
existing vaccine providers. competitive advantage and effective campaigning
of the project.
Lack or delay of funding. Mitigated through the effective budgeting and
scheduling.
Continued threat of pandemic Covid-19 Mitigated by implementation of the safety and
sanitization measures.
Risk of communication Mitigated by keeping the communication among all
the stakeholders open and honest.
Legal Mitigated by implementing the efficient medical
protocols during the manufacturing of the vaccines
and proper value proposition.

5.0 STAKEHOLDERS

Today, we hardly see any project that does not take place in a context where stakeholders
play vital role in both the implementation and accomplishment (Karlsen, 2002). Project
stakeholders represent those individuals, teams or institutions affected by a project (Juliano,
1995). They are the individuals whose interests are likely to affect the results of a project. They
are typically the initiators of a project, project managers, sponsors, customers and end users. For
the African Union Vaccine Development Project (AUVDP), the stakeholders and their roles are
as follows in the below table 6. (See Appendix 3 for stakeholder matrix).
Table 6: Stakeholders and their roles

Stakeholders Roles
African Union The African Union is the first initiator of the AUVDP. It
role is to develop and coordinate the project plan.
Africa Centre for Disease Control The Africa CDC is the second initiator of the AUVDP. It is
and Prevention (Africa CDC) responsible for communicating the project status by
preparing status reports and conducting progress review
meetings.
Pasteur Institute The Pasteur Institute is Western biotech company. It is in
partnership with both African Union and Africa CDC. It
offers information necessary to develop the proposed
vaccine.
State Authorities The state authorities are the major sponsors of the project.
This comprises of all members of the African Union.
Consultants/advisers These are bodies of experts who give advices on any
potential risk, budgeting and spending funds.
Press Media Press media include television stations, newspaper outlets
and radio stations that are responsible for creating public
awareness on the project and public safety.
Health practitioners These are health workers who are responsible for
evaluation, especially clinical evaluation.
Suppliers/Contractors These are the bodies of individuals, groups or companies
that supply equipment and materials necessary for the
project.
End users The end users are the citizens who will make use of the or
consume the vaccines.
 References

Besner, C., and Hobbs, B. (2008). Project management praction, generic or contextual: a reality
check. Project Management Journal, 39(1), 16-33.
Burke, R. (1993) Project Management: Planning and Control, Management Press.
Clements, J, C and Gido, J. (2006). Effective project Management. Canada. Thomson, South
Western.
Gantt, H. (1919). Organizing for work: Harcourt, Brace and Howe.
Geraldi, J., and Lechler, T. (2012). Gantt Charts revisited: A critical analysis of its roots and
implications to the management of projects today. International Journal of Managing
Projects in Business, 5(4), 578-594.
James, P.L (2000). Project Planning, Scheduling and Control. McGraw-Hill. Montgomery, IL.
USA.

Martin E. (1996) A Professional's Guide to Systems Analysis, Modell, 2nd. Ed. McGraw Hill.
Mishra, R, C and Soota, T. (2005). Modern Project Management. New Dehli (India). New Age
International.
Nathalie, P., Salah, E.B and Robert, P. (2018). The core processes of project control: A network
analysis. International Conference on Project MANagement / HCist - International
Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies,
CENTERIS/ProjMAN/HCist 2018
Wren, D. (1987). Management history: issues and ideas for teaching and research. Journal of
Management, 13(2), 339.
Youg, T. L. (1993) Planning Projects, The Industrial Society. 1 (2).
 Appendix 1

Work Breakdown Structure

Task name Duration Task Finish

African Union Vaccine Development 117 Days Thursday, Friday, April
Project (AUVDP) January 2nd, 28th, 2023.
2023.
Initiation phase
Development of project charter 2 days 2nd January 2023 4th January
2023
Current situation and problem statement 1 day 5th January 2023 5th January
2023
Identification of goals and objectives 2 days 6th January 2023 8th January
2023
Development of strategies and plans 2 days 9th January 2023 11th January
2023
Financial analysis and cost estimate 1 days 12th January 2023 12th January
2023
Risks identification, strategic options 2 days 13th January 2023 16th January
and recommendations and clinical 2023
research.
Planning phase
Integration management and scope 2 days 17th January 2023 19th January
management 2023
Human management and cost 2 days 20th January 2023 22nd January
management 2023
Quality management and 2 days 23rd January 2023 25th January
communication management 2023
Risk management 2 days 26th January 2023 28th January
2023
Procurement management and 4 days 29th January 2023 1st February
stakeholder management 2023
Execution phase
Gather requirement 2 days 2nd February 4th February
2023 2023
Analyse requirement 2 days 5th February 2023 7th February
2023
Discuss partnership 3 days 8th February 2023 11th February
2023
Draft Memorandum of Understanding 3 days 12th February 15th February
2023 2023
Approved Memorandum of 1 days 16th February 16th February
Understanding 2023 2023
Draft vaccine specification 40 days 17th February 28th March
2023 2023
Approve vaccine specification 2 days 29th March 2023 31st March
2023
Evaluation phase
Clinical evaluation and laboratory test 30 days 1st March 2023 31th March
2023
Clinical trials in humans 12 days 1st April 2023 13th April 2023
Approve trials 2 days 14th April 2023 16th April 2023
Closure phase
Meeting sign off and close project 11 days 17th April 2023 28th April 2023

Appendix 2
 Risk Assessment Matrix

Definition Value Registered risks with values

Frequently 5  Resistance from users = 4
Likely 4  Competition and resistance from the existing vaccine
Occasionally 3 providers = 5
Seldom 2  Lack or delay of funding = 2
Impropable 1  Continued threat of pandemic Covid-19 = 1
 Continued threat of pandemic Covid-19 = 3
 Legal = 4
 Appendix 3

Stakeholders Matrix

African Union

Africa CDC End Users

Pasteur Suppliers/
institute Contractors

AUVPD

State Authorities Health Practitioners

Press Media Consultants