Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The Green Belt Movement, founded by Wangari Maathai, combines tree planting and preservation
with
a. a drug rehabilitation program
b. a women’s self help group that addresses poverty
c. a family planning organization
d. a sustainable agriculture program
e. a cooperative farming college course
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: CORE CASE STUDY
2. All of the following statements about Wangari Maathai’s tree planting program in Kenya are true
except
a. It was initially very successful, but has since failed due to government support.
b. It has sparked the creation of similar programs in 30 other African countries.
c. Since its inception in 1977, it has had 50,000 members.
d. It has established 6,000 village nurseries.
e. It started with a small nursery in her backyard.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate TOP: CORE CASE STUDY
4. Fairly diverse second- and third-growth forests now exist in all parts of the United States except the
a. east
b. west
c. north
d. south
e. northeast
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-1 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR THREATS TO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS?
7. When roads are built into previously inaccessible forest areas to harvest timber, all of the following
things happen except:
a. the forest becomes fragmented
b. topsoil erodes
c. biodiversity is lost
d. sediment runoff occurs in waterways
e. the forest ecosystem remains intact with no disturbance or damage
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-1 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR THREATS TO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS?
8. All of the following are examples of economic services that forests provide except:
a. fuelwood
b. reduce soil erosion
c. recreation
d. jobs
e. livestock grazing
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-1 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR THREATS TO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS?
9. A tree harvesting method that involves cutting intermediate-aged or mature trees singly or in small
groups is called
a. clear-cutting
b. strip cutting
c. selective cutting
d. patch cutting
e. landscape cutting
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
166
11. Countries with the largest areas of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified trees, in order from
largest to smallest certified areas, are:
a. United States, Poland, Brazil, Canada, Russia, and Sweden
b. Sweden, United States, Canada, Russia, Brazil, and Poland
c. Russia, Canada, United States, Sweden, Poland, and Brazil
d. Canada, Russia, Sweden, United States, Poland, and Brazil
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
12. Political steps that can help reduce the destruction and degradation of tropical forests include all of the
following except
a. certifying sustainably grown timber
b. establishing programs to teach settlers sustainable agriculture and forestry strategies
c. subsidizing only sustainable-use forestry
d. encouraging migration to undisturbed tropical forests
e. reducing poverty
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
13. A program undertaken by the U.S. Forest Service and the National Advertising Council that has helped
humans and saved forests is
a. the prescribed burn program
b. the Smokey Bear campaign
c. the program to restore watersheds below clear cuts
d. the program to remove dams
e. the program to thin trees in old growth forests
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
14. All of the following are important aspects of sustainable forestry except
a. no logging of old-growth forests
b. no clear-cutting on steep slopes
c. reduce road-building into uncut forest areas
d. rely more on clear-cutting
e. certify timber grown by sustainable methods
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
15. A plant called kenaf would help to reduce the pressure to cut trees because its fiber is very useful for
a. making paper
b. home construction material
c. furniture making
d. fencing and decking material
e. fabric for outdoor carpeting
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
167
16. According to environmental writer Bill McKibbin, “the great environmental story of the United States,
and in some ways, the whole world” is the
a. restoration of grasslands
b. regrowth of forests
c. production of biofuels on forest land
d. restoration of aquatic ecosystems
e. restoration of saguaro cactus stands
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-2 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN FORESTS?
17. A process in which grazing cattle are confined with portable fencing to specific small areas for a short
time and then moved is called
a. erosion control
b. rotational grazing
c. nutrient cycling
d. organic grazing
e. organizing grazing and erosion control
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-3 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN GRASSLANDS?
18. The most compelling issue that is causing loss of grasslands in the Western United States is
a. destructive range fires
b. harvesting grasses for hay for domestic animals
c. conversion to cropland
d. overgrazing
e. intrusion of forests into grassland areas
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-3 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN GRASSLANDS?
20. As a consequence of the reintroduction of the gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park and northern
Idaho, the following other wild species have made a comeback:
a. beavers
b. round squirrels, mice, and gophers
c. willow, aspen, and cottonwood trees
d. beavers, ground squirrels, mice, gophers, willow, aspen and cottonwood trees.
e. wolf reintroduction caused other species to decline, not reemerge or increase.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
168
21. Reintroduction of the wolf eventually reduced attacks on domestic cattle by what other species?
a. golden eagle
b. coyote
c. fox
d. grizzly bear
e. local wild dogs
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
22. The wolf reintroduction was based partly on its importance as a(n)
a. indicator species
b. generalist species
c. fur-bearing species
d. keystone species
e. predator on grizzly bear cubs
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
23. According to your textbook, the biggest problem for U.S. national and state parks today is
a. popularity
b. nearby human activities
c. non-native species
d. poaching
e. soil erosion
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
24. Of Earth's remaining wilderness areas, about ____ are strictly or partially protected by law from
human activities.
a. 5%
b. 20%
c. 45%
d. 50%
e. 55%
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
25. Which common problem of U.S. cities is now a problem in United States national parks?
a. homeless people
b. lack of funding for schools
c. air pollution
d. high crime rates
e. alcoholism
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
169
26. Conservation biologists want the protection of at least ____ of the Earth's land.
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 20%
d. 25%
e. 30%
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
27. The zone of a biosphere reserve where there would be little, if any, disturbance from human activities
would be the
a. buffer zone
b. transition zone
c. core
d. mantle
e. biozone
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
29. "Leave it as it is. You cannot improve on it." This statement was made by ____ about ____.
a. Bill Clinton, wilderness
b. Richard Nixon, environmental laws
c. George W. Bush, national park maintenance
d. Barack Obama, Yellowstone National Park
e. Theodore Roosevelt, wilderness
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
30. According to Stephen Saunders, former deputy assistant Secretary of the Interior, the greatest threat
the national parks have ever had is
a. large scale deforestation
b. the projected climate change
c. overuse by tourists
d. air pollution
e. pollution of both air and fresh water bodies such as streams and rivers
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
TOP: 9-4 HOW SHOULD WE MANAGE AND SUSTAIN PARKS AND NATURE RESERVES?
170
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Language: Finnish
Kirj.
RAFAEL HERTZBERG
Suomentanut
Tyko Hagman
SISÄLLYS:
Syysmarkkinat Turussa.
Klaus Fleming.
Jumalanpalvelus Isonkyrön kirkossa.
Ebba Fincke.
Joulu-ilta Porkkolassa.
Talonpoikain sotajoukko.
Mahtavaakin hallitsee Jumala.
Noita-akan juoma.
Taasen Pohjanmaalla.
Talonpoikien viimeinen taistelu.
Sydämen surua.
Noita-akan toinen juoma.
Loppu.
SYYSMARKKINAT TURUSSA.
— Gretchen!
Vänrikki ei huolinut ajaa häntä takaa, vaan riensi naisen luo, joka
oli vaipunut alas kadulle, ihan uupuneena pelosta ja ponnistuksesta.
Hän katsoi ylös, mutt’ei nähnyt mitään, sillä aukko oli yhä vielä
pimennossa.
Ilta oli pimeä, mutta Ilkan silmälle, joka oli tottunut vankiluolan
pimeyteen, oli se selvä kuin kesä-illan hämy. Vielä pää ja rinta vain
ulkopuolella aukkoa, jonka ruosteiset ristikkoraudat lytistivät hänen
kupeitaan, suunnatti hän silmänsä, mielihyvästä väristen, yli
vainioiden, metsien, meren ja ihmisasunnoista ulos iltahan
säteilevien tulien. Hän hengähti syvään, tuntiessaan raittiin ilman
täyttävän hänen jäseniään uudella voimalla.
Syksy oli edennyt. Oltiin joulukuun alussa. Turun linnassa oli elämää,
liikettä. Sotaväkeä tuli päivä toisensa perään eri osista maata. Kohta
oli suurin osa Flemingin sotajoukkoja kokoontunut tänne, sillä
marskin piti uuden vuoden alussa lähteä matkalle Käkisalmeen,
vihdoinkin Täyssinän rauhan-määräysten mukaan jättämään tätä
linnaa ja sen alaista lääniä Venäjälle. Sotaväki oli majoitettuna
kaupunkiin, mutta ylempi päällikkökunta asuskeli linnassa.
Niilo punastui.
Laulu, joka tähän asti oli käynyt verkalleen, kiihtyi nyt, kun herrat
vastasivat:
Ja kirjoituksess’ sanotaan,
Herra domine!
Että tyttö poi’alle annetaan,
Cito, cito, citissime, herra domine!
— Ei, ei, sitä se ei ole. Tämä masentava tunne minut aina, valtaa,
joka kerta kun ratsastan linnan vipusillan yli ja saavun sen muurien
sisäpuolelle. Mutta ei koskaan ole se ollut niin valtaava kuin nyt. Heti
tultuani linnanpihaan, oli minulla ilkeä yhtymys. Se oli tuo vanha
Filippus Kern, hän, joka Johana kuninkaan käskystä valmisti myrkyn
kuningas Eerikille. Minua on aina vastustamattomasti inhoittanut tuo
mies käyrine selkineen ja paljaine päälakineen, mutta tällä kertaa
kävi kylmä väristys koko ruumiine läpi, kohdatessani hänet. Tämä
yhtymys ei tiedä mitään hyvää.