Guidebook Livingstreet

From citizen engagement to citizen ownership
a guidebook for municipalities

The people behind
Living Streets
# 2 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Introduction
This guidebook will inspire you if you in every city there are many people own Living Streets with the help of
are in the process of rethinking public from different backgrounds, from pioneers from the Trojan Lab network
space in your city. companies, local associations and (Ghent), transition thinkers from
municipalities ready to join forces and Meneer de Leeuw (the Netherlands)
For many years the space in the search for these solutions. Through and Energy Cities as an association of
city has been taken away from the the Living Streets we bring the energy local authorities in energy transition.
people and given to the automobile. and creativity of people together Now, five years after the first Living
As we look out of the window onto and are making the city of tomorrow Street was created in Ghent in spring
a congested street, another lane for visible today. 2013, we are happy to see the Ghent
cars was simply added or new roads pioneers organising themselves in a
were built. But we cannot perpetuate In this guidebook, you will read about Living Street Foundation (livingstreet.
this model by expanding road the experience of eight European org) to help other cities.
infrastructure to unlimited levels. cities where collaborating citizens,
businesses, local authorities, We are inviting you to read this
Urban planning and mobility is all associations enable inhabitants to guidebook to get inspired by the
about people. They congregate in temporarily transform their streets in diverse strategies, initiatives, stories
cities to work but also to meet, the place they have always dreamed of cities and people. We do hope
seeking casual or informal interaction of. They learn from all the practical you will find all the information you
and support that makes people thrive. experiences and reflect on a more need in here so that you can get a
Public space is also essential from a sustainable society. One of the main grasp of what a Living Street is. We
social and economic point of view. strategic questions of this experiment will not provide you with a unique
is how we can organise our daily model to carry out Living Streets, a
Today, European cities face lives without using our cars as much single recipe or list of ingredients to
challenges in urban planning and as we do today. By removing cars make your cities thrive. We prepared
other societal issues, such as job and finding other places for parking, this guidebook with the purpose
creation, climate change, land use, new space becomes available for of allowing you to become more
immigration and so on, but are also other functions. Other diverse streetwise by sharing the necessary
the best placed to find solutions. At aspects are taken into account such understanding of what Living
the same time local authorities are as: socialising, risk of exclusion, Streets are and showing you how
no longer perceived to be the only avoiding isolation, safety, street the pioneering initiative of Ghent
actor to solve complex issues faced prostitution, noise pollution, urban was used and adapted by seven
in cities. Local authorities, businesses agriculture, pedestrianisation and the other European cities to their own
and residents more than ever need environment at large. contexts with their residents, local
each other to find creative solutions stakeholders and initiative takers.
to challenge their way of thinking, Inspired by the Ghent Living Streets,
acting and learning. We believe that seven other cities created their Enjoy your reading.
Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 3

Table of contents
p.02 The people behind Living Streets
p.03 Introduction
p.06 Streetwise
p.08 What is a Living Street?
p.14 The inspiration: Ghent
p.18 How can you create Living Streets in your city?
p.45 Living Streets stories

Streetwise
By 2050, two-thirds of the world beneficial as it is, has developed out and political leaders at the municipal
population will live in urban areas. of control in the past few decades level, which resulted in the car-
People are migrating to cities at an and has put the car on a pedestal centred streets we see today. Their
exponential rate and the trend does while relegating the resident to a objectives were driven by economic
not seem to be decreasing. This peripheral role in street life. growth and efficient infrastructure,
unprecedented growth needs to be which clearly improved residents’
managed sustainably if we want to Initially, streets were not thought quality of life. This has resulted in
move forward. of as just channels for vehicles but plans to add more lanes, maintain
they were places where people worn-out bitumen, improve traffic
Streets are an intrinsic part of congregate, talk to one another, lights and install signage around the
cities. If we think of a city as a body, where children play. The idea of cars city. We now need to deploy efforts
streets are the veins through which dominating the space is relatively to shift streets dynamics, away from
resources and people are swiftly new and we now find ourselves cars and closer to residents. In order
pumped into buildings, shops, having to rethink our relationship to do so in the most effective way
offices, health facilities, schools, etc. with the streets. We need residents possible, solutions for residents
They are the channels that allowed to take their rightful place to become need to come from residents. A
the city to be vibrant, fast-paced and more streetwise, but how? collaborative approach will ensure
offer services that improve living The growth of cities has traditionally we do not lose sight of who the
standards. This phenomenon, as been designed by public servants streets are meant for and will frame

residents as owners and developers, to make sure that the challenges
rather than as mere consumers. they bring with them are met with
Although very important, this is not creative solutions. Ideas must come
only about giving the streets back from the streets and be co-created
to residents as an ideal. In the case by the municipal bodies and the
studies presented in the following residents. This is an essential
pages, you will find examples of element of the concept of Living
projects that not only put people Streets and the reason why you will
first but also influenced them in a find so many inspiring examples in
very practical way. We have heard the following pages.
stories of growing local economies,
sprouting of businesses, increased
security and better infrastructure.
Cities are vast and powerful. They

are highly resource intensive but
they are also melting pots of ideas
and experiences. In order to create
more sustainable cities, we need

What is a Living
Street?
Living Streets is a real-life In a Living Street, the inhabitants their own street car-free. Living
experiment whereby residents can get to know each other, they meet Streets is the story of hundreds of
temporarily transform their street and discuss the needs of the street citizens, temporarily experiencing a
into the sustainable place they have where they live. They imagine different lifestyle in car-free areas
always dreamed of. together what their ideal street being closed to traffic for several
would look like and they think weeks and sometimes even up
A Living Street allows you to set your of solutions to reach this vision to six months. Together with the
imagination free to find alternatives together. municipality and local stakeholders,
that transform the public space and citizens are exploring how local
strengthen the collective dynamic. This project is policy-making and urban planning
It is an urban laboratory tackling can build on the experience of Living
diverse issues such as mobility, extremely meaningful Streets for all existing areas and
urban agriculture, local economy, to us as it is a true especially ensure that all newly-
solidarity, social cohesion, culture, chance to encourage paved streets and neighbourhoods
leisure, sports and health. are always designed as ‘Living
inhabitants of all ages Streets’, with the consent of all levels
to dream together, of society.
to be inspired and to
share their fears, their The experiment has already
been successfully developed in
desires. Ghent. Now other European cities
have been inspired, built on this
A young resident of Sint Jan
Nepomucenus street, Brussels experience and adapted it to their
own local context.
Most importantly, residents are
seen as the experts of their streets!
This does not only make it a story
of individuals trying to make

Living Streets introduced positive changes to the
Žeravinec neighbourhood. Vlatka from the municipality
gave us an initial boost to set up urban gardens by
providing us with a gift set of gardening tools. By
gardening, we as neighbours started communicating,
spending more time together and helping each other.
New ideas come one after the other.
We managed to get water tanks and fruit seeding

which allowed us to set up two community orchards
along with gardens, which provide us with fruits as
well as a place to hang out.
Ankica Lukač, citizen and urban gardener in Ivanić-Grad

Get inspired!
In Ghent, Belgium, Living Streets triggered the
imagination of hundreds of citizens and since 2013 led to
more than 50 Living Streets. Some streets were located
so close to each other that we can even speak of Living
Neighbourhoods! Organized by a temporary network,
Living Streets were used as a strategic experiment to help
the City of Ghent with future sustainable mobility policy,
creating a new approach to urban space and reinforcing
social links by multiplying interactions among citizens.
In Zadar, Croatia, the Living Streets were organised in a

derelict area in 2017, nearby the historical city centre. The
purpose was to revive this abandoned area by bringing it
back to the citizens and turning this part of the city into a
central point for gathering people and being an alternative
to arts and cultural events. Currently, this area is only
used for parking cars on three big parking slots which are
crowded the whole year.

In Turin, Italy, the residential neighbourhood of
Campidoglio (5,000 inhabitants), also home to many local
artists and craftsmen, is the laboratory where Living
Streets is experimented. Close to the city centre, it is
characterised by narrow streets, full of cars, with only
one pedestrian street. Residents wanted to take back the
streets and reorganise the public space. The municipality
supported this process by proposing Laboratorio
Campidoglio in 2017.
In Ivanić-Grad, Croatia, the main square was closed to

cars in 2017. The objectives were to prepare the ground
for the creation of a pedestrian city centre, promote the
bike as a means of transport, support local production
and consumption and encourage a circular economy.
Workshops were organised with the citizens focusing on
the redevelopment of the urban spaces, seeing the square
as a ‘living room’ closed to the traffic.

In La Rochelle, France, the Saint Nicolas district is a small
shopping area close to the city centre. The aim was to
make this street and neighbourhood visible from far away
and attract more people to this neighbourhood. Living
Streets were used to help local shopkeepers who are
struggling to attract more clients, taking into account the
competition of the huge commercial areas located in the
outskirts. Living Streets were also implemented in the old
marketplace to reduce car traffic. Within the Living Streets,
La Rochelle used the bike as a voluntary behaviour
change factor as is it related to many aspects such as
environment, health, education, sociability and economy.
In Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, the citizens are not

yet ready for Living Streets as the city is a new town built
for the individual car user. Milton Keynes currently has few
traffic problems but will grow from 230,000 inhabitants
to over 300,000 in the next 7 years and 500,000 by 2050.
Existing communities need more time to accept this
initiative, gain trust and ownership of the public realm in
a car-centric city where green space is near to everyone’s
house. The legacy of the Living Streets initiative here
is that people will be more involved in designing new
neighbourhoods.

In Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 13 dream streets were
organised between 2015 and 2017 in residential streets,
focusing on making the street a more attractive place to
meet and play. The most represented social category is
highly educated people. Some Living Streets are taking
place in socially and economically mixed neighbourhoods,
where a professional organisation is needed to develop
the plan and coordinate the project together with the
citizens.
In Brussels, Belgium, based on a call for applications 8

Living Streets were organised in different neighbourhoods
between 2016 and 2018. They tackled various problems
such as safety and street prostitution, the need for
positive facilitation of public spaces and ownership by
the inhabitants, green spaces, public works and need
for silence, a ‘residential zone’ for meeting, sharing
between inhabitants and a public space shared between
pedestrians and cars.

The inspiration:
Ghent
Ghent’s radical transformation but this was not accomplished residents took full control of the
overnight. Something that affects process and Living Streets started
Anyone will tell you that cars play a a whole neighbourhood requires developing, almost organically.
prominent role in Belgian street life. people to embrace the concept They decided what to do, how to
But things have changed a lot since and be prepared for change and do it and the City of Ghent offered
Ghent’s former Mayor Frank Beke’s this is not easy. This is especially the space for experimentation
plans to pedestrianise an area of the true when plans come dictated while the Trojan Lab, a former local
city forced him to wear a bulletproof from the municipality, without the think tank supported the process
jacket in 1997. The plans covered 35 involvement of residents from the as initiator and facilitator. Within
hectares of the city having angered beginning. The City of Ghent finally this framework, co-creation and
many local business owners and made progress, but it took many and agreement between residents
led to heated protests. The current long public consultations. The need was a prerequisite for any idea to
Mayor, Daniël Termont, says that for a different approach became move forward and it was only then
he would be the one wearing the evident. that the ideas could become real
bulletproof jacket if he decided to projects. It is not surprising that this
reintroduce cars into the city today. Bottom-up planning approach to street planning is more
effective than direct implementation
Ghent’s radical transformation is an Residents and local associations by the municipality. This is because,
inspiring example. Today, the city took the lead and engaged in contrary to municipal planning,
centre is healthier than ever and discussions about the streets a Living Streets project is more
72% of Ghentians support the city’s they imagined. Through a much likely to meet the needs of the
plan to expand its pedestrian zones, needed bottom-up approach, neighbourhood.

There is immense value behind implementation that residents
Living Streets, which has sprouted could see the biggest earnings
from a two-street initiative in 2012 in the long-term. Not only did
to a total of 50 Living Streets in they strengthen relationships
Ghent. Through projects like these between each other but they also
where active engagement is central, experienced the inner workings of
residents, government officials, street-planning, which will provide
organisations and business owners invaluable lessons for the future.
built a new kind of relationship by They were exposed to problems and
working and planning together. They challenges, which they countered
co-created, co-designed, discussed, with solutions and opportunities.
compromised and, most importantly, Through Living Streets, residents are
got to know each other while no longer passive actors approving
creating livable streets for their or disapproving their municipality’s
neighbourhood. plans. Residents are building a/the
Ghent that they want.
Living Streets are at their core,
experimental. The result (a liveable
street for residents) is important,
but the process of getting there
was the key. It was during planning,
consultations, meetings and

What if? Living Streets started with the We realized that a
question “What if?” What if our
In 2012 the City of Ghent asked street would be covered with grass? vision alone would not
residents what kind of sustainable What if I could have breakfast with change the world.
city they envisioned for the future my neighbours in the street? What
and created the necessary space if the noise of cars passing by would Dries Gysels and Pieter Deschamps,
Trojan Lab, Ghent
for experimentation. This space was be replaced by the laughter of
key for new ideas to be developed children? To answer these questions,
and implemented. The Trojan the residents of Ghent came up
Lab came up with the concept of with concrete ideas and plans to
Living Streets based on a series of move forward and they took care
concrete experiments to materialise of implementation, maintenance
the residents’ vision. The Trojan and organisation. Furthermore,
Lab is an independent network of Living Streets are labs for new
collaborating citizens, businesses, ideas, innovative products, services
civil servants and organisations and and even academic research and
developed with the support of the the municipality gained invaluable
municipality of Ghent. perspectives from it. They got to
learn what residents wanted from
their environment, learned new
ways of approaching challenges and
collected data on what worked, what
did not and why.

How can you create
Living Streets
in your city?
A city adventure:
CROSS-FERTILISE
municipal
IDENTIFY
departments
the right place:
Living Streets,
Living Squares,
Living Areas
DARE TO DREAM:
co-design
a common vision
for the street

MAKE
THE INVISIBLE
VISIBLE and From temporary
engage citizens
to permanent:
IMPACT ON CITY
PLANNING
DEVELOP A
QUALITATIVE
EVALUATION
PROCESS:
IMPLEMENT when ‘soft’
by creating projects
the space for have a
experimentation solid impact
and creativity FINANCE
your
Living Streets

How can you create Living Streets in your city?
A city adventure:
cross-fertilise municipal
departments
The preparation and implementation Urban planning no Key departments you might
of Living Streets requires action from engage with:
different municipal departments longer takes place
and services as it touches upon inside, among political 1 Urban planning
transversal issues. To ensure representatives, the 1 Mobility and transport
synergies and an integrated 1 Education and culture
approach from the very beginning,
administration and 1 Health
during this step, you can co-create experts, but outside, 1 Finance
the Living Streets initiative from an in the streets, with 1 Participation or public relations
internal municipal perspective. residents. In the next 1 Communication
1 Parks and recreation
phase, we will have to
look into how places Key questions you might address:
can be restructured 1 What is the strategic local issue
depending on the use you would like to tackle with
and the functions Living Streets?
residents gave them. 1 Is there a specific neighbourhood
you would like to address?
The street will be an
extension of their living
room and anyone can
try new things.
Ans Persoons, Deputy Mayor of
Brussels, 2014-2017

1 What is the internal framework, You will also need to connect to How can Living Streets influence
the practicalities for setting up other important municipal bodies the municipal administration?
a Living Street? Do you need that are needed for setting up a Living Streets can be perceived as
to prepare an implementation Living Street, such as the local a real game changer by the city
manual? Should you have a call for police department concerning administration. Although it might
proposals for the Living Streets safety issues, setting up signposts start as a mobility project, many
open to all residents of the city? or street panels to close the street other themes are tackled such
1 What are the steps you will carry to traffic, or local schools related to as: social behaviour; ecological
out? educational issues. environment and sustainable
1 What key stakeholders can futures; local economy; and urban
you engage with (different How are you getting organised? agriculture.
associations, local businesses,
shopkeepers, local labs)? You might set up a core team Tip: You might also
1 Do you want to implement Living working on the Living Streets think of specific
Streets as a local authority or are composed of: functions, such as a
you considering subcontracting to 1 A coordinator change manager or a
a local neighbourhood association, 1 Civil servants dream coach in order
a think tank or fab lab for 1 Councillors to support citizens
instance? in the co-creation
phase.

In Ghent, Living Streets is not seen Living Streets created Via Living Streets, citizens become
as a project but as a transition increasingly aware of certain issues
experiment to explore new ways of synergies between and change their mindsets. They
doing, thinking and organizing the different offices of the are also able to understand and
city. It is a complex initiative that Municipality of Turin, appreciate more the work of civil
also puts pressure on the system. servants, technicians and experts.
that usually do not This creates a fertile ground for co-
work together, but that creation.
Brussels – a Vade Mecum welcomed the project.
for the citizens
The collaboration of
In Brussels a vade mecum different departments
or guide was prepared and increased as a result of
addressed to residents to
explain what Living Streets a more direct link with
are and the specific steps the citizens and their
to be followed to initiate needs.
one. The vade mecum is
jointly introduced by three Civil servants from the Municipality
councillors in charge for of Turin
“Participation”, “Public works
and mobility” and “Green
spaces and environment”.

I usually work at my
Rotterdam – inter-
departmental team desk, I went to the
street and I felt I was
A dedicated inter-
departmental team of 5
working with the
to 7 civil servants meets citizens and not for the
regularly before and during citizens!
implementation of Living
Streets. They advise the Rossana Guglielmetti and Nadia
inhabitants on their plans Bonghi, Municipality of Turin
and budget and they check
that the planned activities
comply with the regulation.
They also give support
during implementation when
needed. The Living Streets
are managed by the urban
planning department and
there is also large involvement
of the traffic department and
maintenance department.

Identify the right place:

Living Streets, Living Squares,
Living Areas
Living Streets can be organised or The image of cities depends on the appearance
naturally emerge in a street, a public
square or an entire neighbourhood. of streets. Brussels is thus attractive because its
streets are lively. Each one has a unique personality,
You can organise Living Streets by: mixing history, urban landscape and marks of its
1 Either organising an open call to successive residents. Knowing how to live life well
all residents of the city or of a
specific neighbourhood, evaluating in a street is about imagining new urban forms for
the applications and granting the it. This is why we invite you to suggest planning
funding to specific streets with
good projects,
solutions, usage or equipment that are the most
1 Or deciding on a specific area adapted to your street. To reinvent the feeling of
in advance (square, street or being together.
neighbourhood).
Khalid Zian, Deputy Mayor in charge of green space and environment, Brussels

Dare to dream:
co-design a common vision
for the street
Imagine your neighbour knocking I’m happy to be a
on your door: “Hi, how are you? Do Ghent – Backcasting
you have a few minutes? I have catalyst for the local
an idea I want to share with you… In 2012, the City of Ghent community. I feel
Imagine that we could temporarily asked a group of citizens,
entrepreneurs and civil
like I’m achieving
transform our street into a beautiful
green meeting place for the servants to imagine a something!
neighbourhood? We would remove sustainable future for their Christine Ballard, civil servant in
the cars, just for a few months and city. Their vision can be found Milton Keynes
see what happens. What do you in their agenda for the future:
think?” a network of car-free zones
In 2013, precisely these kind of built around central squares,
simple questions inspired the with rapid transit bike lanes, Zadar – Board of ideas
inhabitants of the first two Living public transit and neighbours
Streets in Ghent. talking in the street. What if A huge whiteboard was made
we could simply lie down on available to participants in the
Living Streets is not the grass in our street? This is
what comes out of one of the
Living Streets event to collect
their ideas of how they would
a ‘project’. It’s letting emblematic drawings of the like to see the district. These
people dream, taking Ghent experience. ideas have been collected
time to deal with all by architects who prepared
scenarios that citizens could
their fears and worries vote for.
and learn from it as a
City.
Dries Gysels, Trojan Lab, Ghent

Designing a vision for the street is Tip: All Living Streets
a key step that will bring together will be faced with Rotterdam – Talk to
residents, associations and various conflictual the dream coach
businesses in the street. They can points of view, where
share their needs, express their an organisation is The dream coach is the first
expectations and highlight problems needed to develop contact person from the
they are facing on a daily basis in the plan and municipality of Rotterdam for
the street. The power of ‘what if’, as coordinate the project citizens willing to organise a
experienced at first in Ghent, drives together with the Living Street. He assists them
enthusiasm and shows the way to citizens. in defining their dreams and
make it possible. The municipality plans before they submit their
or a local association has to play a proposal for funding.
facilitation role in this discussion and
co-creation process. For example,
the city of Turin organised a Word
Café with citizens and associations
around the following question:
which activities can we start
experimenting to make the district
more liveable? This step enables an
open discussion space to be created,
where dreams of the perfect street
can be voiced.

Implement by creating
the space for experimentation
and creativity
For how long? When? The power of the experiment
There are different ways to Usually Living Streets take place You need to give yourself the
implement Living Streets. However, during May to June or September permission to fail and foresee the
in any case, the streets or squares to October. This is to allow people time and capacity to deal with
need to be closed to the car for a to experience real change when the potential failures. This is the path
long enough period to allow people weather is good and when most of leading to innovation. With Living
to experience a different lifestyle the residents are not on summer Streets, lives get changed, habits get
and reflect and potentially change holidays. However, in some cities disrupted and people embrace a new
their habits. there were even winter editions of lifestyle. They dare to dream, they
Living Streets. dare to try, they dare to change.
In some cities the area was closed
for six months, in some others for Experimenting in the street is really
one-two months or even for two bottom-up, starting with a dream
weeks at a time during two different and not with a target or output
time periods. There were even defined in advance. Just make it
specific Living Streets where the happen and not make it impossible!
street was closed to the car during However, it is important that
several months, but only on Fridays. someone takes the responsibility for
what happens in the public domain.
For instance, in the example of the
city of Ghent it was the Mayor who
took direct responsibility.

For the municipal administration, In Living Streets, civil servants and Give time to experiment, start
Living Streets is the perfect ground residents are both seen as experts small and move towards a larger
for innovation via experimentation of their streets, playing different dynamic
and you need to see it as a roles and learning from each other
laboratory where you can test in order to co-create. As an example, Every Living Street needs time
things in real life situation. For the municipality can learn from to experiment. It is more than
instance, as a mobility and transport concrete solutions directly impacting a symbolic action as living in a
department, Living Streets could on mobility issues, such as residents Living Street is not just a matter of
offer you the perfect opportunity to finding a common window cleaner experiencing life without a car for
test distance parking, as an urban for their street (prior there were one day, but for a longer period of
planning department you can check four different window cleaners, time, so every resident is impacted.
and increase acceptance of a certain generating more traffic). When People who initiate Living Streets
planning process. As a participation Living Streets happen in 30-40 need to take time to talk to all
and communication department, you streets, you can see an important residents, to listen to their dreams,
can engage closely with the citizens impact on mobility issues and you but also to their challenges and
and help them see and experiment can experiment also with distance fears. It is important that everyone
in a direct way how life in a car-free parking and car sharing when there is listened to and all this is taken into
area actually is; it will also allow are several Living Streets in the consideration in the process.
you to experience how to deal with same area. For instance, neighbours Living Streets need to be organised
engaged citizens being proactive found a brilliant solution by parking for several years in order to create a
instead of how to engage citizens. in a supermarket parking lots during certain dynamic and go beyond their
the evening and the night when the usual boundaries towards real co-
supermarket was closed. creation between the citizens, civil

servants and the decision makers.
After the first edition of the Living Zadar – Acceptance of Turin – Change of attitudes
Streets, residents sometimes transforming parking lots in and habits via role-playing
reconsider the solutions liveable areas
implemented and come up with a In Turin, a laboratory was
different configuration of the street In Zadar, in the derelict area made with the primary school
the year after. This is the power where Living Streets were who were engaged in a
of temporary solutions, instead of implemented, the people’s role-playing game. Children
permanent, but might be difficult acceptance increased were playing roles such as
for the municipal administration concerning the closure of a disabled person or a mum
to consider as they usually create the parking lots to the cars with a pushchair and little
infrastructure that should be there and transforming them into children. This allowed them
for 20-30 years. public space dedicated to to see with the eyes of the
the people. Living Streets role they were playing which
helped residents to see the were the problems of the
Tip: Remember to potential of this area by area. After the tour of the
start small, with experiencing a different vision neighbourhood, they could
one or two streets, of the neighbourhood in their come back with difficulties
before going bigger. everyday lives, making them they faced and they were
Thereafter, the realise it could not only be aware of, permitting them to
streets will inspire a dream, but a reality in the reimagine the Campidoglio
each other and the near future. district without all these
initiative will grow difficulties.
organically.
Some kids were playing
the policemen, instead of
imposing real fines, they
placed the following message
on people’s cars: “And me
where can I go?”. Drivers
were very receptive to these
messages in comparison with
their negative attitude when
receiving a classical fine.

Brussels – An ingenious
way to take citizens out of
their homes
In Brussels, in the
Vanderhaegen Street, the
steering group is composed
of several organisations from
the neighbourhood, together
with citizens. The project is
steered by Studio P, a local
centre focused on citizens’
participation. This street was
noisy due to public works
being carried out and the focus
of the citizens was to regain
silence in the city. They were
doing a Living Street every
Friday for two months and it
was completely car free every
second Friday. The focus was
on the children as a public that
is easily reached. A recording
of sounds of birds was used
as a tool to engage the public.
People came out of their
houses to listen and to find
out where it came from.

Make the invisible visible

and engage citizens
Living Streets are about improving You can use appropriate children and seniors to the Living
the quality of life of residents and communication channels, such as Streets initiative. In Ghent, door to
making visible the city of tomorrow. working with local associations door communication was used to
In that sense, participants of Living which are recognised figures in the ensure direct contact and create
Streets are pioneers as they are district, piggybacking on existing confidence. To engage with specific
experimenting with new ways events or using social media. In social categories, the dialogue was
of life in their street. These local Ivanić-Grad, the local radio station led by individuals belonging to the
projects are fragile equilibriums proved to be successful in attracting same target group.
where a common direction needs
to be decided by the residents,
sometimes with compromises
to be found. Therefore, although
they bring a lot of enthusiasm and
curiosity, experience shows that
too much public exposure and
promotion at an early stage can
be counterproductive and weaken
the community organising a Living
Street. So, you need to start small!
Promotion of the initiative, once the
dynamic is installed and with the
consent of the participants, can then
have a great and beneficial impact
as it can show to the outside all the
positive outcomes of taking back
public space.

La Rochelle – A poster Ivanić-Grad – Rely on Brussels - From a square
campaign promoting bike an existing popular local to a forest
usage featuring shop- initiative
keepers In Brussels, residents from
In the first edition of Living Vanderhaegen street came
Posters showcasing shop Streets, the municipality up with the idea of a living
owners have been produced organised a pumpkin forest for their public square
by the municipality, using production contest to attract and even created their own
the ENGAGE poster tool citizens to the Living Streets logo. The change of the name
(www.citiesengage.eu). In initiative by piggybacking on makes the place more creative
La Rochelle, Living Streets an existing popular event: and more attractive: it is all
have been organised around the pumpkin fest! To all the of a sudden, not just a square
the topic of bike use. Shop citizens who filled in the with a few trees, but a forest!
owners could promote cycling application form, the Mayor
on ENGAGE posters that of Ivanić-Grad distributed
were displayed in their shops. 100 sets for urban gardening,
This was a perfect win-win including pumpkin seeds, tools
situation where the familiar for gardening, seed labels and
public figures were promoting gardening instructions. In this
sustainable mobility in the framework, the municipal-
district and also attracting owned land was offered to
clients to their shops thanks citizens who live in multi-
to an attractive and positive apartment buildings and do
communication tool. An not own gardens, to use it for
exhibition of ENGAGE posters urban gardening. Their results
was also organised by the encouraged them to continue
municipality, including posters in the coming years, creating a
with students, teachers, civil demand for more land for the
servants putting forward future Living Streets editions.
their different arguments for
cycling.

Finance your Living Streets
How to finance Living Streets? the amount requested to the project Less money, more creativity?
leader. The remaining 20% will be
It is important to reflect about how paid after the presentation of the In Rotterdam, such an important
you finance your Living Streets. The final report and all financial evidence financial support can be questioned
municipalities chose to do it via and after approval by the Council. as the experience showed that
crowdfunding, open call for subsidies streets with less money were
or reimbursement to the initiators. How much does a Living Street more creative and the impact was
cost? more important. Giving a higher
You also need to find the right subsidy is also transforming the
process to be able to fund these In addition to civil servants’ time co-creation aspect of the Living
citizen-led activities. For instance, investment, the budget dedicated to Streets, as in this case architect and
in Brussels, initially the municipality material aspects of a Living Street urban planning companies are also
was not able to give advance varies from one city to the other. interested in the project.
payment to the citizen-led initiatives. Costs can often be reduced by joint
Thus the municipality developed purchasing of common material In Ghent, the major part of the
a specific Vade Mecum, a clear such as benches and artificial turf street furniture is produced via DIY
manual and launch form allowing that was bought for all the 52 Living (do-it-yourself) by the residents
project leaders to frame their project, Streets in Ghent. So, costs can range themselves, allowing them to
working method and budget in from approximately 100 euros/ save money and helping them to
advance. Via the ‘Declaration of street for additional equipment in profit from more engagement and
claim’ form, project leaders agree Ghent, between 1,000 and 5,000 ownership of the public space.
to respect the Vade Mecum and the euros/street in Brussels, up to
City of Brussels can advance 80% of 40,000 euros/street in Rotterdam.

In-kind contributions from local The amount collected per citizen
businesses and crowdfunding in initiative is seen as an indicator
Ghent of community support and thus
public interest in the project. Via this
In Ghent, a supermarket lent e-bikes, platform, residents can also apply
other shops gave thousands of for subsidies from the municipality
flowers, potting soil or lent a truck. for their project. They can choose to
Some local businesses even lent apply for 25, 50 or 75% of municipal
the time of their employees to help funding and need to show that the
implement Living Streets. The value rest of the amount was collected
of all this is difficult to calculate, but from the citizens.
it represents a major contribution.
In Living Streets, this platform
How about crowdfunding? financed the construction of a bridge
In 2015, the city of Ghent developed across a river, facilitating the access
a crowdfunding platform called of the neighbourhood to a nearby
crowdfunding.gent as an instrument park.
to facilitate co-creation.

Develop a qualitative
evaluation process:
when ‘soft’ projects
have a solid impact
How to measure the impact of a Examples of indicators that can be
Living Street? The trend in public measured before, during and after
institutions is to evaluate policies Living Streets:
and projects with numbers.
However, results are not necessarily 1 Air quality
measurable in terms of quantity, 1 Noise
but quality and the process is as 1 Social cohesion, contacts with
important as the result in itself. The other residents in the street
choice of indicators is then a decisive 1 Interest of residents to participate
step. Do you want to measure or in another Living Street
to understand? This is not always 1 Distance car parking
the same, it depends on the quality 1 Turnover of businesses
of indicators. Impacts might be on 1 Acceptance of closing the areas
quality of life in the streets, mobility, concerned to the car
social cohesion, circular economy, 1 Indicators related to modal
capacity building of citizens… and shift: individual car use, use of
there is no accounting mechanism other transport means than the
for this! As a conclusion, the individual car, carpooling, car
definition of indicators is not neutral sharing.
as it is framing the way we look at
things.

Ghent – Living Streets Ivanić-Grad – Living La Rochelle – A more
strengthened social Streets helped develop attractive city centre
cohesion circular economy thanks to Living Streets
One clear conclusion in Ghent In this small Croatian The municipality worked
is that creating a Living Street, town, the municipality is with shopkeepers of the
whether it is a small, medium closely supporting the local Saint-Nicolas district, a small
or larger street, is a huge economy by developing shopping area affected by
opportunity to strengthen specific local products (new the competition of the huge
social cohesion. Thanks to the bakery products, Škrlet commercial areas located
preparatory process and the wine production), setting outside of the city centre.
2-months test period almost up local selling points of The most significant result of
all inhabitants are able to get goods produced, organising these experiments are:
in touch with each other. The crowdfunding workshops 1 the change of mind set of
fact that they can use their to set up local business shopkeepers who no longer
streets as parks stregthens schemes, implementing urban claim: “no car, no business”.
contacts. Once this period is farming to produce local 1 more people are now
over, these contacts stay. vegetables and fruits by the shopping by bike as citizens
citizens and that are sold to realised that the cargo bike
local restaurants. Ivanić-Grad is faster than the car.
did all of this and so much 1 bike stores and shop
more! With Living Streets, the owners have increased
municipality symbolically and their income during this
also physically planted the test phase, some of them
first seeds leading to a more by up to 25%.
important local trend that is
already starting to be visible
via major bilateral contracts
between the municipality
and Macedonian vegetable
and fruit production experts
or via the creation of joint
wine producers’ associations
allowing them to supply
bigger wine production
demands by major Chinese
clients for instance.

From temporary to permanent:

impact on city planning
Living Streets offer the opportunity the exact needs of the users. A their neighbours and identify the
to experiment with different common example is the so-called best solutions for their street. The
urban planning options in a street. ‘elephant path’, an unofficial route challenge for the municipality is then
You might have already been that reveals the easiest route for to take a decision on the measures
confronted with the situation where users. With Living Streets, residents that become permanent, based on
sometimes the very nice sketch can experience life without their car budget and regulation issues.
and photomontage prepared by parked under their window, build
architects do not meet in real life playgrounds, benches, gardens with

Turin – Towards a
pedestrianised area in the
Campidoglio district
In Turin, the Living Streets

confirmed that the citizens
wish to have the public area
in Campidoglio without cars.
Traffic and parking have
been the most debated
themes within the events.
So, the political will is now
much stronger than before
to pedestrianise parts of the
district. Via Living Streets,
citizens, politicians and local
administrators were able to
talk and exchange ideas. It
was now decided that part of
the Campidoglio district will
be pedestrianised by the end
of 2018.

Living Streets
stories

Brussels Belgium
1,175,000 inhabitants
In Brussels, the Living Streets How are Living Streets organised 1 The initiator can be an individual,
target the improvement of the in Brussels? an association, a neighbourhood
quality of life in the public space committee or residents’ collective.
by meeting and reflecting on the Each Living Street requires a 1 The initiator needs to mobilise
problems of the streets among preparation period of about three at least three inhabitants of the
the inhabitants and Brussels months and thereafter is publicly street and create a leading group.
Participation. In this framework implemented during one to two
months. Living Streets can be
the inhabitants are seen as the
experts of their streets. The focus organised at any time of the year. An
You live in your street,
is not only on closing the street to application needs to be submitted by you know it better than
cars but also on coming together the initiators and the city of Brussels anyone else. To know
and reflecting on the needs of and the Police department need to
give the green light for it. A project
how you want to live
the streets and then co-creating
the street and finding creative can be allocated a budget between in your street, we need
solutions to the daily problems. 1,000 and 5,000 euros. your help. The existing
To date, Living Streets have been Brussels Participation is the service situation can always
tested in Brussels in several of the City of Brussels that supports
neighbourhoods and streets project leaders launch a Living improve and we think
with different typologies. The Street. There is close collaboration that you can play a key
initiative is called “Rue à vivre” or with various municipal departments: role here.
“Leefstraat” (Streets to live). Participation, Green Spaces and
Environment. Els Ampe, Deputy Mayor in charge
of public works, mobility and vehicle
The main requirements to organise a fleet, City of Brussels
Living Street:
1 Any inhabitant of the City of
Brussels can launch a Living
Street where s/he resides.

The creation and implementation needs to fill in and submit to
phases of a Living Street: Brussels Participation that details
the needs of the street, the vision
1. Define the project: choose the for their street as well as precise
location (one or several streets, actions and timeframe with a
a market, a public square). At this budget. They submit their request
moment, the steering groups for authorisations to be able to
meet Brussels Participation and close the streets to cars and to
other municipal services to get organise events in the public
feedback on their first ideas and space. Via this ‘Declaration claim’
actions they want to implement. form, project leaders agree to
To smoothen this step, the respect the Vade Mecum.
municipality prepared a Vade
Mecum, a manual helping project 4. The City of Brussels can advance
leaders to frame their project, 80% of the amount requested to
working method and budget. the project leader. The remaining
20% will be paid after the
2. Fieldwork done by inhabitants: presentation of the final report
they engage with the other and all financial evidence and after
inhabitants via surveys and approval by the Council.
meetings to choose the actions
and to create the steering group, 5. Launch of public activities during
composed of a minimum of three the agreed period.
residents.
6. Submit a final report and all
3. Submit the application: there is financial evidence.
a form that the steering group

The municipality of Brussels What are the lessons learned? 1 A Living Street takes long to
communicates and promotes organise, it is multifaceted and
the Living Streets via information 1 Everyone wants to join the party, not immediately visible, making it
sessions to citizens in order to but no one wants to organise it! It complex to handle.
raise awareness and encourage the is difficult to move from interest
organisation of Living Streets. The in a project to concrete action 1 Strong social ties were developed
initiative has been implemented in as many people are enthusiastic among the neighbours and the
8 streets so far. but not necessarily ready to take resistance of some inhabitants
action to implement and steer the has been overcome by allowing
In Brussels, the Living Streets project. them to concretely visualise the
tackled many aspects such as city of the future.
prostitution, need for positive 1 Involving the press and media too
animation of public spaces and early in the process puts pressure 1 Residents’ ownership of
ownership by their inhabitants, need on people. their street increased via DIY
for green spaces, need for silence equipment that helped embellish
in an area impacted by public works 1 There was no vandalism during the public space, make it more
the project, all equipment was pleasant and adapted to citizens’
during several years, reflecting
respected by the neighbours and needs and expectations.
on the need for a residential zone
other users. However, after the
for meeting and sharing among
project ended, some equipment
inhabitants.
was taken over by homeless
people.

For the future of the initiative in
Brussels, it was concluded that a
Living Streets needs to be extended
over longer periods of time in order
to meet the expectations of the
residents and put them in practice. It
is also important to organise several
Living Streets in the same spot, to
experiment and possibly implement
certain solutions on a permanent
basis.
Contact
Ann van de Vyvere

Coordinator City of
Brussels
ann.vandevyvere@brucity.be

Ivanić-Grad Croatia
14,000 inhabitants
The objectives of the Living Streets Context Local food production and
in Ivanić-Grad are to prepare consumption, circular economy
the ground for the creation of a The city of Ivanić-Grad is well and changing of mind-sets
pedestrian city centre, promote developed thanks to gas and oil
bicycles as a means of transport, resources, but this has a negative In order to address the issue of local
support local production and impact on the local environment. food production, in the first edition
consumption and encourage circular The city also faces two important of Living Streets the municipality
economy. The municipality aims demographic issues: aging population organised a pumpkin production
to attract young people to live in and emigration. Due to the prolonged contest to attract citizens to the
Ivanić-Grad after finishing their economic crisis, there are currently Living Streets initiative and link
studies as well as change people’s empty commercial spaces in the city with an existing popular event: the
mind-sets regarding the individual centre, as well as abandoned land pumpkin fest.
use of cars and unsustainable suitable for agriculture. This land
consumption models. For this belongs to the municipality, to the To all the citizens who filled in the
purpose, the municipality is linked ministry of agriculture and to private application form, the Mayor of
to different local businesses and owners who moved out of Ivanić- Ivanić-Grad distributed 100 urban
citizens and is moving from a top Grad. gardening sets, including pumpkin
down approach to a bottom-up and seeds, tools for gardening, labels
co-creative one. for seeds and instructions. In this
framework, the municipal-owned
land was temporarily offered to
citizens who live in multi-apartment
buildings and do not own gardens
to use it for urban gardening. Their
results encouraged them to continue
in the coming years, creating a
demand for more land for the future

Living Streets editions. Therefore, As a Deputy Mayor, I have been following the Living
the municipality is relaying with the
national ministry of agriculture to use Streets project since the very beginning because I
the plots of currently abandoned land. felt it could be very beneficial to our citizens.
The municipality is also discussing
with citizens who do not use their During the project I was actively involved in urban
land in order to make it available
for urban gardening. Local family
gardening. Citizens motivated by my own example
farms expressed interest to buy the of planting pumpkins, started planting them as well.
locally produced vegetables and At the end of a successful gardening season, we
fruits. Citizens and local businesses organized a seed exchange and prepared ourselves
were therefore connected by the
municipality to collaborate in the
for the next season.
future.
I think citizens will continue to partake in this
interesting project even after its official ending and
encourage each other in planting pumpkins which
will contribute to strengthening the traditional city
manifestation.
Željko Posilović, Deputy Mayor, City of Ivanić-Grad
Furthermore, Living Streets offered framework, Macedonian expertise

the opportunity to exchange will be transferred to Ivanić and in
experience with Macedonian turn, Ivanić will export innovative
experts on agriculture production products developed within the Living
leading to an international Streets such as urban gardening
trading contract signed between sets, pumpkin seeds, local eco-toys
businesses from Ivanić-Grad and and eco-devices prepared by local
experts from Macedonia. In this designers and companies. From a

social perspective, the project is on the main square. Also gardening whether they had a shop. To solve
expected to link up many citizens in toolkits and insect hotels were this issue, in the main square an
Ivanić who are from Macedonia and it produced thanks to Living Streets exhibition office was built temporarily
is likely that they will reconnect with connecting Design students who and local producers could sell their
their families from Macedonia. designed the elements, skilled products there prior to the Christmas
In the framework of Living Streets, pensioners who pre-crafted the period. This proved to be very
the municipality encouraged small elements according to the drawings successful. Thanks to Living Streets,
businesses to cooperate and to and kindergarten children who the mind-sets of the citizens are
communicate on common goals assembled them. All this got together changing regarding the importance
they are reaching for and not to see at the main city square during the of local production and on their
themselves as competitors. Thus, green living-room events in Ivanić. So, consumption habits.
the NGO Brenta was created to after the crowdfunding crash-course,
regroup wine producers in order to the students are considering a start- A local pedestrian city centre
help them cooperate better. Many up in urban design now.
produce Škrlet wine, leading to the In the past, the municipality envisaged
organisation of a new local event: All that it took to make this a true to close the city centre to cars, but
the festival of the Škrlet wine. They social innovation is the local radio this was perceived as an unpopular
are also now responding together station sharing the right news, measure at the time.
to large market demands for local passionate handy pensioners, During the Living Streets, this car free
wine, to which they cannot respond creative and proactive design city centre was experienced twice for
individually. The municipality acted students and open-minded municipal two weeks during different periods
here as a facilitator encouraging staff…gathered together via Living in 2017. At first local businesses
networking within its territory by Streets in Ivanić. and shop owners were worried that
connecting people and businesses. their sales would decrease. However,
Ivanić-Grad also organised a local Local consumption and awareness during the urban workshop they
workshop on crowdfunding to link raising understood that even if the square
up students and existing and future is closed to cars they would still be
local producers with two goals: During the Christmas period, the able to deliver goods. Besides, when
future orientation of the students municipality encouraged the citizens they realised that citizens are asking
from the middle school and set up to buy local presents (food, drinks, for the square to be pedestrian,
local businesses. As a result, a local toys). It turned out that many citizens they understood that this might
cookie factory will be opened, the did not know where to buy these be an opportunity for them. The
local bakery developed new products products locally, nor did they know municipality promised to do some
and urban furniture for Living Streets who the local producers were and communication activities to promote

their businesses. Positive results from In the near future, the municipality of More information
other European cities were shown to Ivanić will need to change its urban
prove that car-free city centres do not plans especially related to the historic https://hr-hr.facebook.com/
come only with problems, but also city centre. It is planned to organise livingstreetivg/
with solutions. another urban workshop and citizens
will be invited again to express their
opinions, needs and suggestions. Contact
After experimenting and evaluating,
Only political commitment and a
the following conclusions were drawn: Vlatka
decision from the mayor to close
1 Young citizens and the families the square for a longer period, for Berlan Vlahek
with kids see the main square as a instance six month, can have a vlatka.berlan@ivanic-grad.hr
safe and thrilling place with green bigger effect and allow city officials
spaces, playgrounds, cafés. and citizens to better assess
1 On the other hand, other citizens the acceptance and impact of a
(especially middle-aged males) pedestrian main square in Ivanić.
voted against closing the main
square to cars (they usually can
park their individual car in front of
the shops).
1 It is felt that activities organised
within the Living Streets were still
not sufficient to change the mind-
sets completely and help citizens
see that it is much healthier to bike
and to walk.
1 To make a pedestrian square,
budget is required for infrastructure
and this is not included in the
municipal budget for the next two
years. However, experts within
the project suggested some soft
activities and minor works that do
not require a huge budget.

La Rochelle France
75,000 inhabitants
La Rochelle is a touristic city on the Increase home-to-school and The street in front of the school was
French Atlantic coast that aims to school-to-home travel by foot and closed for one day in June 2016 and
become a slow town, meaning that by bike: The Children’s Street May 2017.
80% of the streets will be limited to
a speed of 30 km/h in the coming The Pierre Loti School is situated The activities organised included:
years. The Living Streets offer the in a social mixed area within a home to school escort by bicycle
opportunity to experiment, to test small district. An attractive park is (organised by the Bicycle Police
life without cars and imagine a situated in front of the school but Brigade/Bicycle School) and by foot
different use of public space. With the Pierre Loti Avenue, supporting (organised by the parents), a bike
this initiative, La Rochelle is using 8,000 vehicles daily, disconnects and games lending library, a bicycle
bicycles as a central tool, as it is this green area from the school. The training area, some workshops and
not only seen as a transport mean, parents are afraid to let the children information on bicycle repairs, biking
but is also used as a voluntary go by bike or by foot to school and safety, using public transport, free
behaviour change factor. think that cars are the safest option trial of different cargo bikes with bike
to take the children to school. Many stores.
of the school children do not even
know how to ride a bike. For these This initiative has enabled the
reasons, the Mobility Department creation of a playground in the
of the municipality contacted the park next to the school and bicycle
school to see if together they could parking places. It also favoured inter-
transform this busy road into a car- generational exchange between the
free street for a day. This provided the school and the nearby retirement
opportunity for the children to play in home. Parents launched a petition
the street and in the park and have to have shared urban gardens
fun while learning how to ride a bike. in the park. It was decided that

60,000 euros will be spent by the
municipality to set the garden up
which will be open to all residents
in the neighbourhood, including
the retirement home. Besides, bike
stores have increased their income
and are selling more bikes, including
foldable bikes and cargo bikes.
Elected representatives, teachers and
parents are now reflecting on how
to include bike learning in the school
programme.
The Children’s Street initiative is

sustained by several activities.
Following the two one-day events
organised by the municipality,
the school and the parents have
organised on their own a third event
in April 2018, including a bike market
and a party in the street, with the Develop the attractiveness of solution was found together to
participation of associations. The commercial areas in the city centre regulate the access, using colourful
municipality initiated the process signs to mark the limits of the
and now parents, children and school The first experiment took place in the pedestrian zone during the event.
teachers are responsible to organise old marketplace from July to August From July to August 2017, the
such events in the future, with 2016. This place is today used as a second experiment was organised
the municipality offering support, big round-about for cars, reducing in the Saint-Nicolas district, a small
but not acting as a driving force the space available for pedestrians. shopping area, a little hidden away
anymore. In addition, other schools The shopkeepers would like to reduce just behind the old harbour. The aim
are interested in this initiative and the car’s presence but at the same was to make this neighbourhood
a new Children’ Street with another time authorise freight access for the visible from far away and attract
school will be organised in a different market in the morning. A modular more people to this area. All the
neighbourhood. access was therefore needed. A shops are small local shops and

shopkeepers are struggling to attract that a different lifestyle might bring. of the public space in their city.
more clients to the city centre, taking Shopkeepers are using bikes to buy The municipality of La Rochelle
into account the competition of their products and to dispose of their implemented Living Streets as a
the huge commercial areas located waste. Bike stores and shop owners motivating and modular experience
outside of the city centre. Posters have increased their income during allowing citizens to experiment
showcasing shop owners have been this test phase, some of them by up different aspects of what life without
produced by the municipality, using to 25%. The shop owners’ association, a car means and see all the benefits
the ENGAGE poster tool (wwww. gathering almost 100 members, are that this might bring to them.
citiesengage.eu). Shop owners could now reflecting on how to encourage However, with this experience, the
promote cycling on these posters shopping by biking and walking municipality of La Rochelle does not
that were displayed in their shops. to make this lifestyle attractive to aim for example to replicate the same
An exhibition of ENGAGE posters was their potential customers and thus children’s street in all schools, but a
also organised by the municipality, differentiate themselves from the big new concept based on the needs of
including posters with students, commercial centres on the outskirts each district. Each street is different
teachers, civil servants putting of the city where customers need a and the municipality aims to keep the
forward their different arguments for car to shop there. The project has also co-construction process that took
cycling. brought more sociability, for example place in the first children’s street. The
shop owners now put chairs outside Living Streets enabled seeds to be
The most significant result of these of their shops, in order to invite planted for the future, provided time
experiments is the change of mind passers-by to sit and appreciate the and space for first-hand experience
set of shopkeepers who no longer excellent quality of life in their city. and let things happen.
claim “no car, no business”. More
people are now shopping by bike as Living Streets: a modular
citizens realised that the cargo bike experience for the city of La Contact
is faster than the car. This shows Rochelle Birgitta Morin
that it is important for people to Sustainable
have a voluntary behaviour change, Living in an urban environment mobility officer,
but for that it is crucial that they conceived for car use, makes it City of La Rochelle
try and experiment beforehand, so difficult for people to imagine and birgitta.morin@ville-larochelle.fr
that they realise the advantages have another vision for the future

Milton Keynes United Kingdom
230,000 inhabitants
Milton Keynes (MK) is a new town The challenge of implementing increase of 60% while practical
designed to be a regional hub Living Streets in a new town capacity improvements will only
between Birmingham and London address a 25% increase.
and Oxford and Cambridge. It is In MK the individual car is the main
one of the few British cities that mode of transport, facilitated by a Reaching out to local councillors,
was built 50 years ago with future grid system similar to Los Angeles. civil servants, stakeholders and
growth in mind. Today, it is one of Milton Keynes has few traffic lights citizens
the fastest growing cities in the and many roundabouts which makes
UK with an estimated population driving around the city easy and the Living streets encouraged
growth reaching more than 300,000 promotion of sustainable mobility departments in the Council that do
inhabitants by 2025 and 500,000 more difficult. not habitually collaborate such as the
by 2050. energy and culture departments to
However, there are 250 km of cycle work together.
and walking routes in MK, called
‘redways’ that are completely Tip:
independent from car traffic. MK Ask for ‘drop-in’
has also many green spaces and sessions so that
sidewalks for pedestrians. you can participate
So, the challenge Living Streets faced in other municipal
here is to solve something that is not departments’ own
yet a problem as currently there is meetings and explain
no traffic congestion, people are able the initiative, instead
to drive around the city easily and of simply inviting
plenty of parking space is available. participants to a
Nevertheless, by 2025 it is estimated Living Street focused
that there will be a travel demand meeting.

We are acting as
catalysts with
local communities,
encouraging people to
have a say in how their
street and quality of life
could be improved. This
is important because
there is a general view
that the council makes
decisions from the top
down.
Christine Ballard, Neil Sainsbury, Shane
Downer, civil servants at MK Council

For Living Streets, MK residents their neighbourhood. Having to think and was a good way to reach active
were approached in different differently and give up parking their citizens in the MK communities.
neighbourhoods throughout the individual cars in front of their houses Meetings were arranged with local
city. Enthusiasm for the project was difficult for most streets. Citizens clubs, associations, residents’
was shown on several occasions seem to be happy with the quality associations and charities and mutual
however each neighbourhood of life they have in this 50-year-old goals were realised. One collaboration
eventually declined this opportunity city where they do not face traffic resulted in meeting families at two
for several different reasons: lack of jams. Most citizens have no problems events organised with the Milton
time, opposition of a few inhabitants with finding parking spaces at home, Keynes Play Association and MK
who didn’t feel comfortable with leisure activities and at their place of Council will continue to work with this
the idea of Living Streets or the work while still being able to enjoy organisation in the future.
budget offered for implementing green areas on their doorstep.
Living Streets was not appealing The conclusion is that people need to
enough, particularly compared to be encouraged to be involved in their
the budget residents usually receive street projects by starting small and Community
for initiatives such as creating a taking baby steps. Focusing on their engagement
community orchard. In this car-centric fears and worries, such as time spent
city there is a real anxiety for most commuting in their cars, would be a
establishes
citizens about walking and riding a good starting point for Living Streets understanding between
bicycle and residents are reluctant to in the future. Gaining trust and neighbours and
make something unpopular happen in support is a very slow process and
initially the support offered
promotes inclusivity.
by the MK Council was The Living Streets
perceived as top down but it project is a great idea
did improve over time. that fulfils this role
The MK coordinator met and contributes to the
with several not for profit positive vision we have
organisations to discuss for Milton Keynes in
working together to make
Living Streets happen in
2050 and beyond.
their area. This brought Councillor Peter Marland, Leader of
together like-minded people Milton Keynes Council

Living Streets is planting a seed I wish it would create What a lovely idea.
for the future
parking spaces though, I’ve often hoped that
It is well known that personal rather than lose them! the top end of the
transport is difficult to replace in the
UK and particularly in Milton Keynes A Milton Keynes citizen
High Street would be
because it was designed for cars. pedestrianised. This
However, some communities were It was amazing to would make a huge
willing to accept this restriction. witness first-hand difference to the Town.
Thames Valley police are interested
in collaborating in Living Streets how the Living Streets A Milton Keynes citizen
mainly because neighbours talking Programme proved that
to each other means problems can streets can play such
be discussed. Furthermore, Town
and Parish Councils are also familiar
a fundamental role as
with Living Streets and are willing to an extension to private
proceed to some traffic restriction. gardens and provide a
Living Streets have also had a
place for residents to
positive influence on future planning socially interact.
strategies in a growing city where
Neil Sainsbury, Head of Urban Design
new neighbourhoods will be and Landscape Architecture
developed based on a more people-
centric approach. This is the fruit of
strategic municipal departments
being involved in Living Streets and of Contact
the widespread understanding within
MK Council of this initiative. Christine Ballard
Project Manager,
So, in Milton Keynes, the Living Sustainability Team,
Streets initiative has planted seeds Milton Keynes Council
and supporters of the idea are Christine.Ballard@Milton-
waiting for conditions to become Keynes.gov.uk
more fertile so results become real
and visible.

Rotterdam the Netherlands
630,000 inhabitants
Inspired by the example of Ghent, A cross-sector process to create advise the inhabitants on their plans
the Living Streets in Rotterdam, Dream Streets and assist during implementation
called “Dream Streets”, started in when needed. The Living Streets
2015. They are defined as initiatives The Dream Streets take place within are managed by the Urban Planning
of citizens and/or professional the framework of the “CityLab010 department with a large involvement
organisations to make their fund for local innovation” (2015- of the Traffic department and
street, square or neighbourhood 2018), containing an annual amount Maintenance department.
a nicer place to meet and play of three and a half million euros in
by implementing temporary or total. All municipal departments The process of Dream Streets in
permanent measures. are involved in the programme. Rotterdam is as follows:
With CityLab010, the Municipality
of Rotterdam aims to generate and 1 A new Dream Street initiative
support initiatives that contribute approaches the dream coach
to the further development of the city of Rotterdam. He
and improvement of the main assists them in defining their
municipal policy challenges, such plan and introduces them to the
as: sustainability, economics, sports interdepartmental team (“Kendoe
and culture. Via CityLab010 a grant team”) which advises on the plan
fund is available for proposals of local and budget. They also check that
initiatives that can be submitted. the planned activities comply with
For each of the Living Streets the regulations. This team meets
implemented up till now in Rotterdam, once or twice and they help to
a dedicated inter-departmental team further improve the project and
of 5-7 civil servants meet regularly give support and suggestions.
before and during implementation Usually this process takes a couple
of the specific Living Street. They of months. After this, the Living

Street submits their proposal contact between the Living Streets The Dream Streets activities and
for funding by the CityLab010 and the civil servants as often, civil their impact in the streets and the
programme. servants attend the local Living municipality
Street events.
1 The final proposal is assessed 13 Dream Streets were organised
by the Living Street project 1 After implementation, each Living between 2015 and 2017, covering
manager. The interdepartmental Street submits a financial and topics such as improving traffic
team formulates the conditions narrative report on the results. safety, enhancing social cohesion,
for funding and the Living Street Thereafter, the civil servants and building permanent places to play and
receives a subsidy contract. During the inhabitants discuss together meet, greening communal gardens.
implementation, civil servants which of the temporary measures Most Living Streets have a time span
assist and advise if needed. This could be continued or become of one year in which they organise
means that in some Living Streets, permanent. Evaluation is also several activities, mainly in spring and
there is a high level of involvement done by the Living Street initiators, summer when the weather is nice.
of the city administration, while in sometimes using monitoring The most represented social category
other Living Streets there is much equipment bought by the is highly educated people, however
less. In all cases, there are many municipality, but also based on a some Living Streets are also taking
formal and informal moments of qualitative analysis. place in socially and economically
mixed neighbourhoods, where a
professional organisation is needed
to develop the plan and coordinate
the project together with the citizens.
The Dream Streets have diverse
impacts. First, they bring more social
cohesion to the streets as well as
an increased sense of ownership
of the public space by residents.
Besides, these experiments, before
investing in permanent measures,
enable the municipality to have more
insights on what works well or not

in the streets to enhance meeting Challenges ahead need a budget, which is not always
and playing. Some measures then available. Some solutions were
become permanent, such as reduced The successful experience in found by the residents, for instance
space for car parking, benches, Rotterdam has raised a number of via crowdfunding.
small playgrounds and meetings key questions:
places. These initiatives also have an 1 How to deal with initiatives from
impact on rethinking the role of the 1 How to deal with temporary professional organisations?
municipality: How do we cooperate versus permanent measures? Professionals also approach the
with citizens? What do they expect Most permanent measures municipality with their ideas (like
from us? Are we capable to explain concern the installation of bike architects, urban planners) and
the municipal regulations for public parks, benches and playgrounds. find citizens to join them. How to
space well enough and how do we As this is public space, the city ensure that the citizens feel and
manage to bend the rules without administration should implement take ownership of the project? The
breaking them? these measures and citizens are municipality then considers that at
not allowed to do this themselves. least 10 residents from the street
However, permanent measures should support the proposal so
that it can be accepted.
1 High diversity: not everything is a

Dream Street! In Rotterdam, there
is a high diversity of initiatives
that qualify as Living Streets. This
is also a risk, as not every local
initiative is a Living Street. What to
do with this diversity of proposals?
1 Do we ‘spoil’ our Dream Streets? A

Dream Street can receive a subsidy
of up to 40,000 euros. The positive
effect is that real changes can be

made, the negative effect is that of support should the municipal and involve the citizens in the
this may hinder creativity. administration give them? implementation.
1 To what extent do we coach 1 When is the support for the

the initiators in engaging their plan sufficient to continue and Contact
neighbours and getting their if not, how to deal with that?
support? Some initiators, especially Most Living Streets are initiated Esther Sprangers
in mixed neighbourhoods, find it by highly educated people. In Project manager,
difficult to approach all neighbours socially and economically weaker City of Rotterdam
in their street and to involve neighbourhoods, professionals e.sprangers@rotterdam.nl
them in the project. What kind write and submit the proposals

Turin Italy 985,000 inhabitants
In Turin, thanks to a living lab A living lab in the Campidoglio letting them be the main contributors
gathering associations, citizens district to the Living Streets activities.
and municipal departments,
Living Streets have provided Campidoglio (5,000 inhabitants) is To prepare the events, the
the opportunity to rethink the mainly a residential district and it municipality contacted all associations
use of public space towards is also home to many local artists in the neighbourhood as well as the
pedestrianisation in the residential and craftsmen, but is not a touristic craftsmen. In June 2017 a world café
district of Campidoglio. neighbourhood. Campidoglio is workshop was organised involving
characterised by narrow streets, full about 30 participants to develop ideas
of cars. Currently there is only one for activities: “What can we organise
pedestrian street, but this is not really to make the area more liveable?”
respected as people still continue to All the ideas were discussed in
park and drive there. In this district terms of their feasibility and based
residents are willing to take back the on this a follow-up workshop was
streets and organise something else organised in July to define the
in the public space. The municipality agenda of the Living Streets event.
supported this process by proposing Participants highlighted the need to
Laboratorio Campidoglio to facilitate make the borough more visible to its
meetings with the citizens, allowing inhabitants but also from the outside
contact among themselves, but so that is becomes more inclusive.

Citizens showed great interest and participation in neighbourhood with different
modes of mobility, what kind of
the life of the borough: they are more aware of the possibilities they see to change
nature and future of the area, which is not merely this area into a pedestrian zone
the pedestrianization, but also taking back the and also what street furniture they
would need to make this area more
public spaces and making the neighbourhood more comfortable. Citizens suggested
valued and lively. With the Living Streets, the citizens to have benches, plants, public
have realized the potential of the district where they furniture. Urban furniture was
live! installed with the help of a group of
citizens already involved in urban
agriculture.
We need to encourage people to go to this borough.
But how? For instance, by opening shops on the
street that arouse the curiosity of visitors.
Carlo Zanella, craftsman
In September and October 2017, A wide range of activities took place:

two two-day Living Street events
were co-organised with the active 1 Painting workshop: One of the
participation of the citizens, shops, local artists in the neighbourhood
schools and other associations within proposed a painting workshop
the neighbourhood. These events with children on the topic “what
attracted numerous people outside neighbourhood would you like in
of the area who came there for the the future?”.
first time.
1 Consultation of citizens who
were asked to imagine the

1 Role play with the primary school: 1 Debate on future activities: A The impact: a collaborative project
Role play involves imitating debate was organised to think that brings more social interaction
the character and behaviour of about what should be done after to the district
someone who is different from the Living Streets event. Citizens
yourself. Children were playing appreciated that Living Streets The Living Streets events confirm
roles such as a disabled person, made connections between that the citizens wish to revitalise
a mum with a pushchair and little them and now they are growing the public area in Campidoglio. Traffic
children, so that they could see as a group and want to be more and parking were the most debated
with the eyes of the role they were autonomous. This ensures that themes during this experiment.
playing which were the problems at the end of the project citizens Thereafter it was officially decided
of the area. After the tour of the still want to act and continue this that by the end of 2018, part
neighbourhood they could come process. of the Campidoglio area will be
back with difficulties they faced
and they were aware of, allowing
them to reimagine the Campidoglio
district without all these issues.
Some children were playing the
policemen, putting papers with
messages on cars that were not
appropriately parked. These were
not real fines, so were positively
perceived. The message was simply
saying: “And me, where can I go?”.
1 Art exhibition: Local artists from

the neighbourhood organised an
art exhibition, including paintings
with sights from the Campidoglio
district. This allowed some artists
to be promoted and be more
well-known while making people
discover specific spots in the
neighbourhood illustrated in the
paintings.

pedestrianised and this is causing a general acceptance of this decision. and listen to each other in order to
big turmoil in the district. The majority The social cohesion in the make proposals and implement them
of the inhabitants are satisfied with neighbourhood has considerably together.
it, but some are worried about the increased and a discreet number
toll parking or the distance of the car of citizens now meet regularly to New activities have been created
parks from their home. Residents discuss issues regarding the daily life following the Living Streets events:
will need time to integrate the of the borough. Schools, commercial the creation of a monthly street
transformation in their daily lives, but activities and citizens are aware of market of arts and crafts made
the first impression is that there is a the importance to exchange ideas in Campidoglio, as well as urban
gardening activities with citizens and
schools.
An important part of Campidoglio will be
More information
pedestrianised: this result certainly represents a
positive outcome because it closes a long path http://torinolivinglab.it/laboratorio-
of confrontation and positional conflict and campidoglio/
inaugurates a phase of concrete definition of
solutions for the future of the district. Contact
Now a stable group of citizens is acting as Michele Fatibene

intermediary with the District and meets regularly Policy Officer -
Responsible for
in order to discuss the improvement of the area. Innovation,
City of Turin
Without a doubt, this happens thanks to the michele.fatibene@comune.
‘constructive’ climate created by Living Streets. torino.it
Claudio Cerrato, President of the District, City of Torino Rossana Guglielmetti

European Policies
manager, City of Turin
rossana.guglielmetti@comune.
torino.it

Zadar Croatia 75,000 inhabitants
In Zadar, the Living Streets were Bringing neglected areas back ages, from children to seniors, to
organised in the Voštarnica to life: making the Voštarnica of gather and mingle.
neighbourhood, a derelict area tomorrow visible to all!
nearby the historical city centre. The The Living Streets initiative also
aim was to revive this abandoned The area was neglected and most received political support from the
space by bringing it back to the residents avoided it, being used mayor who was directly involved and
citizens and turn this part of the city only for parking cars on three big participated in the initiative.
into a central point for gathering parking slots which are crowded the
people by organising arts and whole year. This is precisely the key Get inspired by Zadar’s activities!
cultural events. aspect that the municipality wished
to change by using Living Streets to The Living Streets was officially
show another perspective of this area opened via a metaphoric performance
to the citizens, allowing them to see when citizens could break a
the potential to host other activities cardboard wall, symbolically showing
rather than merely parking cars. the barriers to a liveable Voštarnica
In Zadar, the Living Streets were neighbourhood. Different tools were
linked to a local festival called Kvart provided to citizens (chalk, spray cans,
Art (neighbourhood art festival) and it etc.) that they could use to mark their
was decided to use this opportunity visions for the future of the area on
to create more than 80 activities a big white screen. An idea box was
during the event taking place in this also provided, gathering suggestions
derelict area. Even during time slots that were used at a later stage by a
with no activities, people could still team of architects presenting future
come and socialise, recognising this low-budget solutions for the area,
area as a key meeting point. This based on the needs and dreams of
allowed different social groups and the residents.

To allow residents to picture their
area car-free and see all the potential
of it in terms of socialising and a
better quality of life, during the
Living Streets a set of activities was
proposed every day.
Below is a list of activities for

inspiration:
1 Change of perspective: members

of the local firefighters came with
their vehicle every weekend and
they used the crane to lift people
up in the air so that they can have
a different view on the area from
high above and realise the impact
of transforming it from a space
dedicated to cars (parking lots) into
a space dedicated to people.
residents were able to try them 1 Outdoor theatrical performances,
1 Book exchange picnic: local free of charge on the day. puppet shows.
craftsmen made wooden houses
to store the books and placed
1 Family activities: music concerts for 1 Development of lighting
them outside of the public children, archery workshops, and installations: residents could create
library, on one of the parking lots children chess championships. their own lighting installation.
which was transformed for this
period in an enjoyable place with 1 Souvenir development creative 1 Sunrise breakfast: this included
flowers and trees. Residents workshop: this involved seniors, activities supporting healthy
could exchange their preferred with the support of the Eco Zadar lifestyles (education, training,
books and read them outside. association. running, healthy food for
This construction is now there breakfast).
permanently and residents are still 1 An open space cinema, followed by
using it. a movie quiz.
1 Electric bike presentation: this 1 Physical theatre workshop:

involved different local bike shops focusing on the body and physical
promoting electric bikes and acting in theatre.

1 Music concerts were organised There was a positive atmosphere acceptance increased concerning the
with the performance of the well- during the entire festival and Living closing of the parking lots to the cars
known guitar player, Miroslav Tadić Streets revealed that the Voštarnica and transforming them into public
(traditional and alternative playing), neighbourhood has a great potential space dedicated to the people.
involving more than 500 people to become a place for social There was also a snowball effect
coming to this abandoned place interaction of the residents in the as the participants in the Kvart Art
(skate park). The guitarist invited area, but also of all citizens of Zadar. festival are thinking about the future
everyone to hang out in the parking In 2018, the City of Zadar is of their own neighbourhood now, in
transformed in a living room and continuing with the initiative, but this different parts of the city and on how
this turned into a big after-party time in close collaboration with 4 to turn the parking lots in their own
that was very successful, allowing local institutions and associations. districts into other initiatives than just
residents to socialise. space for parking cars.
What was the impact?
1 Alternative music and journalism It seems the first Living Streets
workshops with famous The experience shows that in the experiment in Zadar is an eye opener
journalists. derelict area concerned, the people’s for politicians, the administration
1 Graffiti and art performances:

citizens could have an active role
in the graffiti workshops and
were invited to ask questions and
express themselves.
1 Sport activities: mountain climbing

with local associations, children’s
sports Olympics.
1 Public viewing of the football

game (like the movie night) with a
barbecue.
1 Parkour workshop.

and the citizens on the potential of
this neighbourhood and the festival
will be organised every year while
permanently reorganising this area,
transitioning from cars to citizens.
More information
facebook.com/kvartartzadar
Contact
Stefani Mikulec
Perković
Head of the Section
for Integrated
Territorial Investment,
Department of EU
funds, City of Zadar
stefani.mikulec@grad-zadar.hr
Josip Milić
Head of the Section
for Preparation and
Implementation of EU
Projects, City of Zadar
josip.milic@grad-zadar.hr

Make it
happen
in your city!

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.
This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Authors:
Ann van de Vyvere (Municipality of Brussels), Birgitta Morin (Municipality of La Rochelle), Christine
Ballard (Milton Keynes Council), Dries Gysels (Meneer de Leeuw), Esther Sprangers (Municipality
of Rotterdam), Ian Turner (Energy Cities), Jan van der Wolde (Municipality of Rotterdam), Josip Milić
(Municipality of Zadar), Kinga Kovács (Energy Cities), Laura Guérin (Energy Cities), Martin Freire (Energy
Cities), Michele Fatibene (Municipality of Turin), Nadia Bonghi (Municipality of Turin), Pieter Deschamps
(Trojan Lab), Rossana Guglielmetti (Municipality of Turin), Stefani Mikulec Perković (Municipality of
Zadar), Trudy Poot (Municipality of Rotterdam), Vlatka Berlan Vlahek (Municipality of Ivanić–Grad).
Designer: www.TUTTIQUANTI.net
Date: July 2018
Photo credits:
P. 2 (from top left to bottom right): 3rd: ©Andreas Gebert; 4th, 12th, 14th, 18th: ©Gert Arijs
P. 4, P. 13 (right) P. 34, P. 35, P. 42, P. 44, P. 64, P. 65 : ©Municipality of Rotterdam
P. 8, P. 13 (left), P. 20, P. 25, P. 47, P. 48, P. 49: ©Municipality of Brussels
P. 9, P. 11 (left), P. 21, P. 27, P. 28, P. 29, P. 36, P. 51, P. 53: ©Municipality of Ivanić -Grad
P. 10 (left), P. 40, P. 71, P. 72, P. 73: ©Municipality of Zadar
P. 10 (right), P. 16, P. 39: ©www.livingstreet.org
P. 11 (right), P. 22, P. 23, P. 67, P. 68: ©Municipality of Turin
P. 12 (left), P. 60: ©Milton-Keynes Council
P. 12 (right), P. 30, P. 55, P. 57: ©Municipality of La Rochelle
P. 40: Cnyborg (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Licence Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – ShareAlike 4.0 International

www.energy-cities.eu/livingstreets
www.livingstreets.eu
www.meneerdeleeuw.nl
www.labvantroje.be/en

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Guidebook Livingstreet

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From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

a guidebook for municipalities

# 2 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 3

p.08 What is a Living Street?

p.14 The inspiration: Ghent

p.18 How can you create Living Streets in your city?

p.45 Living Streets stories

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 5

# 6 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Cities are vast and powerful. They

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 7

# 8 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

We managed to get water tanks and fruit seeding

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 9

In Zadar, Croatia, the Living Streets were organised in a

# 10 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

In Ivanić-Grad, Croatia, the main square was closed to

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 11

In Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, the citizens are not

# 12 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

In Brussels, Belgium, based on a call for applications 8

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 13

# 14 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 15

# 16 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

# 18 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

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Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 23

Identify the right place:

# 24 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

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Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 31

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Make the invisible visible

# 36 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 37

Finance your Living Streets

# 38 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 39

# 40 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 41

From temporary to permanent:

# 42 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

In Turin, the Living Streets

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 43

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 45

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# 48 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Ann van de Vyvere

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 49

# 50 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership

Furthermore, Living Streets offered framework, Macedonian expertise

Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership # 51

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# 54 Living Streets - From citizen engagement to citizen ownership