Homework Assignments Course 2.

2: Meeting 2

1. The correct rule for proportions is that we can create confidence intervals for p based on:

a. if n is at least 10.
b. at least 10 successes and 10 failures.
c. if n ≥ 30.

2. In a sample of 20 items, I found six to be defective. In constructing a confidence interval for

the proportion of defectives, I should use:

a. the plus four method.

b. the large sample interval.
c. neither method.

3. A sample of 75 students found that 55 of them had cell phones. The margin of error for a
95% confidence interval estimate for the proportion of all students with cell phones is:

a. 0.084.
b. (0.633, 0.833).
c. 0.100.
d. 0.093

4. It is known that 12% of all students taking a particular course receive a grade of A. There are
155 students in one section of the course. Is the use of the Normal approximation justified in
this case?

a. Yes, because np > 10 and nq > 10

b. Yes, because np >10 and npq > 10
c. No, because np > 10 and nq > 10
d. No, because np > 10 and npq > 10

5. It is known that 12% of all students taking a particular course receive a grade of A. There are
155 students in one section of the course. What is the probability that at least 14% of them
receive a grade of A?

a. 0.7794
b. 0.1103
c. 0.2206
d. 0.5223
6. You buy a package of 122 Smarties and 19 of them are red. What is a 95% confidence interval
for the true proportion of red Smarties?

a. (0.092, 0.220)
b. (0.103, 0.230)
c. (0.085, 0.199)
d. (0.087, 0.220)

7. We want to construct a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion of all adult males
who have spent time in prison, with a margin of error of 0.02. From previous studies, we
believe the proportion to be somewhere around 0.07. The required sample size is therefore:

a. 620.
b. 626.
c. 632.
d. 635

8. In a sample of 446 students, 246 ate breakfast. Can we can conclude that more than 50% of
all students eat breakfast?

We will test H0: p = 0.50 Ha: p > 0.50.

What is the value of the test statistic?

a. 2.11
b. 5.62
c. 2.31
d. 4.85

9. In a sample of 446 students, 246 ate breakfast. Can we can conclude that more than 50% of
all students eat breakfast?

We will test H0: p = 0.50 vs. Ha: p > 0.50.

What is the p-value of the test?

a. 0.0174
b. 0.1765
c. 0.2876
d. 0.0896
10. An article about a new drug stated that “the incidence of side effects was similar to placebo,
P-value > 0.05.”

With the information given:

a. one should reject the null hypothesis of no difference at 10%.

b. one should not reject the null hypothesis of no difference at 10%.
c. There is not enough information given.

11. A student believes that 20% of all students think pepperoni is their favorite pizza. He
performs a test of hypothesis, H0: p = 0.2, having taken a sample of 200 students and finding
that 52 think pepperoni is their favorite. He finds a P-value of 0.0338, and so rejects the null
at a = 0.05.

He then computes a 95% confidence interval for the true proportion and finds it is (0.199,
0.321). He is confused. 20% is in the interval!

What is the difference? which is used to

compute the
a. He made a mistake in one of his calculations. standard error (SE)
b. The two use different values of p in computing the standard deviation.
c. He should have used the plus four confidence interval.

12. Drug-sniffing dogs must be 95% accurate. A new dog is being tested and is right in 46 of 50
trials. Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of times the dog will be correct.

a. (0.845, 0.995)
b. (0.805, 0.973)
c. (0.819, 0.959)
d. (.0810, 0.963)

13. A poll finds that 54% of the 600 people polled favor the incumbent. Shortly after the poll is
taken, it is disclosed that he had an extramarital affair. A new poll finds that 50% of the 1030
polled now favor the incumbent.

The standard error for a confidence interval for the candidate's latest support level is:

a. 0.016.
b. 0.020.
c. 0.025.
d. 0.031
14. A noted psychic was tested for ESP. The psychic was presented with 400 cards face down and
asked to determine if each card was marked with one of four different symbols. The psychic
was correct in 120 cases. Let p represent the probability that the psychic correctly identifies
the symbol on the card in a random trial. Suppose you wish to see if there is evidence that
the psychic was doing better than just guessing.

To do this, you test the hypotheses:

H0: p = 0.25, Ha: p > 0.25

The P-value of your test is:

a. 0.0104.
b. 0.0146.
c. 0.9896.
d. 0.9654

15. An administrator at the University of Manitoba claims that 20% of students at the U of M go
on a southern vacation (such as Florida or Mexico) during mid-term break.

If the administrator is correct and a random sample of 100 students were selected, the
approximate probability that less than 15% of the selected students went on a southern
vacation is closest to:

a. 0.1056.
b. 0.1300.
c. 0.1500.
d. 0.1643

16. Suppose you want to know which of two manufacturing methods will be better. You create
10 prototypes using the first process, and 10 using the second. There were 3 defectives in the
first batch and 5 in the second.

A 90% confidence interval for the difference in the two proportions is (-0.493, 0.159).

What conclusion should you make about the two manufacturing processes?

a. The first method is better.

b. The second method is better.
c. Both methods may be equivalent.
17. You want to know which of two manufacturing methods will be better. You create 10
prototypes using the first process, and 10 using the second. There were 3 defectives in the
first batch and 5 in the second.

Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the proportion of defectives.

a. (-0.62, 0.22)
b. (-0.56, 0.22)
c. (-0.493, 0.160)
d. (-0.520, 0.213)

18. A poll finds that 54% of the 600 people polled favor the incumbent. Shortly after the poll is
taken, it is disclosed that he had an extramarital affair. A new poll finds that 50% of the 1030
polled now favor the incumbent. We want to know if his support has decreased. In
computing a test of hypothesis with

H0: p1 =p2 , what is the estimate of the overall proportion?

a. 52%
b. 52.5%
c. 51.5%
d. 51.7%

19. A poll finds that 54% of the 600 people polled favor the incumbent. Shortly after the poll is
taken, it is disclosed that he had an extramarital affair. A new poll finds that 50% of the 1030
polled now favor the incumbent.

We want to know if his support has decreased. The test statistic is:

a. z = 1.56.
b. z = -2.57.
c. z = -1.55.
d. z = 2.48

20. Based on surveys conducted in 1989 and 1999, a researcher compared the proportion of
high-school-age females interested in a career in science in 1989 with the proportion in 1999.

He concluded that the proportions were not significantly different at the a = 0.05 level
because the P-value was 0.121. Assuming the surveys were simple random samples from the
appropriate populations, we may conclude:

a. that the probability of observing a difference at least as large as that observed by the
researcher if, in fact, the two proportions were equal is 0.121.
b. that in repeated sampling, the researcher would obtain the difference actually observed
in approximately 12.1% of the samples.
c. very little. Without knowing if the observed difference is practically significant, we
cannot assess whether the results are statistically significant.
21. An SRS of 100 of a certain popular model car in 1993 found that 20 had a certain minor
defect in the brakes. An SRS of 400 of this model car in 1994 found that 50 had the minor
defect in the brakes. Let p1 and p2 be the proportion of all cars of this model in 1993 and
1994, respectively, that actually contain the defect.

A 90% confidence interval for p1 – p2 is:

a. 0.075 ± 0.084.
b. 0.075 ± 0.071.
c. 0.075 ± 0.043.
d. 0.075 ± 0.065.

22. A manufacturer receives parts from two suppliers. An SRS of 400 parts from supplier 1 finds
20 defective. An SRS of 100 parts from supplier 2 finds 10 defective. Let p1 and p2 be the
proportion of all parts from suppliers 1 and 2, respectively, that are defective. Is there
evidence of a difference in the proportion of defective parts produced by the two suppliers?
To determine this, you test the hypotheses:

H0: p1 = p2 Ha: p1 ≠ p2

The P -value of your test is:

a. 0.1164.
b. 0.060.
c. 0.0301.
d. 0.089.

23. A psychologist claims she has developed a cognitive-therapy program that is more effective
in helping smokers quit smoking than anything currently available. In particular, she claims
that her program is more effective than the nicotine patch, which is widely used by smokers
trying to quit.

A sample of 75 adult smokers who have indicated a desire to quit is located. The subjects are
randomized into two groups. The cognitive-therapy program will be administered to the 38
smokers in the first group, and the 37 smokers in the second group will use the nicotine
patch. After a period of one year, each subject indicates whether he or she has successfully
quit smoking.

In the therapy group, 22 people say they have quit smoking, while 17 people who used the
patch have quit. What is the value of the test statistic for this claim?

a. 1.04
b. 1.14
c. 1.24
d. 1.34
24. A nutritionist wants to determine if males consume more calcium than females. Of the 180
males in her sample, 99 indicated they consumed the recommended daily intake of calcium,
compared with 232 of the 320 females.

The nutritionist wants to test whether the proportions of males and females that consume
the recommended daily intake of calcium are the same. What null and alternative
hypotheses should the nutritionist establish?

a. H0 :pf = pm vs. Ha: pf > pm

b. H0: pf = pm vs. Ha: pf < pm
c. H0: pf < pm vs. Ha: pf = pm

25. A nutritionist wants to determine if males consume more calcium than females. Of the 180
males in her sample, 99 indicated they consumed the recommended daily intake of calcium,
compared to 232 of the 320 females.

What is the absolute value of the test statistic?

a. 8.27
b. 8.14
c. 3.97
d. 3.65
 Answers

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. A
10.C
11.B
12.B
13.A
14.A
15.A
16.C
17.B
18.C
19.A
20.A
21.B
22.B
23.A
24.B
25.C