CLIMATE CHANGE

WILL IT BE OUR END?​

CLIMATE CHANGE

TOPICS
• WHAT IT MEANS
• CAUSES
• GLOBAL WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
• IMPACT ON
OVERALL
ENVIRONMENT
• MEASURES TO BE
2
TAKEN
WHAT IS CLIMATE
CHANGE?
Weather, Climate &
Change
CLIMATE CHANGE

CLIMATE
Weather: Overall condition of a place for a
short period of time, considering factors like
temperature, rainfall etc.
Climate: Average of the weather of a
particular region
• Measured over a long time, for example
30 years
• A huge area is taken into consideration,
can be a country, a set of countries or an
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entire continent
• Doesn’t change frequently
 THE EARTH SYSTEM
CLIMATE CHANGE

The Earth consists of 4 systems:

• Atmosphere – Gaseous mantel enveloping the Earth; mostly Oxygen

and Nitrogen

• Hydrosphere – Oceans, seas and inland water bodies

• Lithosphere – The solid crust covering the Earth on which we live

• Centrosphere – Center of the Earth which holds molten mass

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Any drastic change in the above mentioned systems can alter the
environment in a negative way
PRESENTATION

CLIMATE
CHANGE
TITLE

Significant changes in the climate that –

• Affects the overall condition of a region
like rainfall, temperature, humidity etc.
• Stays for a long time
• Hampers the natural balance of the
environment
• Slowly destroys the biodiversity
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CAUSES
The 7 Theories
of Climate
Change
 THE 7 THEORIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE

• IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT

CLIMATE CHANGE IS HAPPENING

SCIENTISTS HAVE COME UP WITH 7

THEORIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
THAT COMBINE NATURAL AND
HUMAN-DEPENDENT CAUSES

LET’S SEE WHAT THEY ARE…

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 THE 7 THEORIES ABC HOPS
CLIMATE CHANGE

• 1.Anthropogenic Global Warming(AGW): These theory of climate change contends that human
emissions of green house gases, principally carbon dioxide (CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide, are causing
a catastrophic rise in global temperatures. The mechanism whereby this happens is called the enhanced
greenhouse effect. Includes the activities of human beings. For example
• Usage of unrenewable energy resources

• Usage of artificial fertilizers and insecticides

• General environmental pollution

2. Bio-thermostat theory: Rising temperatures and CO2 levels trigger biological and chemical responses in
the atmosphere that have a cooling effect . The more CO2 there is in the air, the better plants grow and the
more CO2 they remove from the air and store in their leaves, branches, trunks, and roots, as well as in the soil
beneath the plants – a suite of processes called “sequestration.” Higher temperatures also tend to increase
carbon sequestration rates. Carbonyl sulphide(COS), diffuse light, iodocompounds, dimethyl sulphide and
Cloud Formation & Albedo: postulates that changes in the formation and albedo of clouds create negative
9 other aerosols. feedbacks that cancel out all or nearly all of the warming effect of higher levels of CO2 .How solar reflectivity of
snow have an impact on climate change
3. Cloud Formation & Albedo: postulates that changes in the formation and albedo of clouds create negative
 THE 7 THEORIES
CLIAMTE CHANGE

4. Human Forcing Besides Greenhouse Gases: Human activities that directly affect the Earth’s surface like
building cities and deforestation, coastal developments, jet contrails etc.by transformation of Earth surfaces.

5. Ocean Currents: due to the slow-down of the ocean’s Thermohaline Circulation (THC). Explains global warming
through the energy concentration at the upper layer of the oceans dependent on variations in temperature, which
give rise to changes in salt content and hence in density.

6. Planetary motion: How the Earth’s tilt, orbit and other planets effect the climate, by natural gravitational and
magnetic oscillations of the solar system induced by the planet’s movement through space. These oscillations
modulate solar variations and/or other extraterrestrial influences of Earth, which then drive climate change

7. Solar Variability: How changes in the coronal ejections and magnetic fields of the sun cause changes in cloud
formation, ocean currents, wind etc. cause climate change Changes in the brightness of the sun are caused by
sunspots – bursts of energetic particles and radiation – that vary in frequency in cycles of roughly 11, 87, and 210
years. These cycles cause changes in the amount of electromagnetic radiation – also called “solar wind” – that
10 reaches Earth and its atmosphere, which in turn affects Earth’s climate
 EMPHASIS ON
CLIMATE CHANGE

HUMAN
CONTRIBUTION
Some people are quick to point out that
climate change is a natural phenomena.
However this is untrue.

Scientists have considered both causes and

have come to a conclusion that without
human contribution, modern-era climate
change could not have occurred.

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It’s due time we take responsibility.
“CLIMATE CHANGE ISN’T
SOMETHING PEOPLE
GET TO CHOOSE TO
BELIEVE OR NOT;
IT’S HAPPENING.”
M AT T G AET Z
GLOBAL WARMING
How Climate
Change Causes
Global Warming
 WHAT IS GLOBAL
CLIMATE CHANGE

WARMING?
Global Warming is the long-term heating
of the Earth’s surface due to various
human activities.

• Sometimes Global Warming and Climate

Change are used interchangeably but
they are different
• Due to climate change, various changes
are occurring and one of them is that the
Earth’s temperature is increasing
14 • To put it into simple terms, Climate
Change is the cause and Global
 GLOBAL TEMPERATURE
CLIMATE CHANGE

CHANGE
Change in global surface temperature compared to the long-term average
from 1951 to 1980
1.2
1
1
Temperature Anomaly (°C)

0.8
0.66
0.6 0.52

0.4 0.33
0.22
0.2
0.01
0

-0.2

-0.4
Year

15 Change in…
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND
CLIMATE CHANGE

CLIMATE CHANGE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT IS
THE WAY IN WHICH HEAT IS
TRAPPED CLOSE TO THE
EARTH’S SURFACE BY
GREENHOUSE GASES.

• GHGS INCLUDE CO2, CH4,

NO2, WATER VAPOR ETC.

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CLIMATE CHANGE

ST EP 1 ST EP 2 ST EP 3 ST EP 4 ST EP 5
During the day, Some of the heat is At night, everything This excessive heat Human activities like
solar radiation absorbed by the starts radiating heat trapping causes the burning fossil fuels
reaches the Earth’s land and oceans that goes towards Earth’s temperature increase GHGs and
atmosphere and a the upper to rise over time the greenhouse
portion of it is atmosphere but is effect continues
reflected back to trapped by gases ever so rapidly
space

HOW IT HAPPENS
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 INCREASE OF C02 BY YEARS
CLIMATE CHANGE

430
417.81

410
Yearly Average CO2 in ppm

388.62
390

369.24
370
353.78
350
338.13

330 325.03
314.43
310

Year

18 Average…
 GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR
CLIMATE CHANGE

Building
Industrial Processes 5%
5%

Fugitive Emissions
[CATEGORY NAME]
6%
[PERCENTAGE]

Forestry
6%

Other
8%

Agriculture
11%
[CATEGORY NAME]
[PERCENTAGE]
Manufacturing
19 12%
IMPACT ON OVERALL
ENVIRONMENT
Environment and
It’s Elements
 IMPACT ON
CLIMATE CHANGE

ENVIRONMENT
• Rise in Temperature
• Season Shift: Seasons come and go earlier or later
than their expected time
• Increased and More Extreme Natural Disasters:
 Heavy rain causing floods
 Severe draughts hampering agricultural
productions
 Powerful cyclones and tsunamis destroying
lives and property
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 IMPACT ON ITS
PRESENTATION

ELEMENTS
• Water: Changes in water temperature, water levels and
TITLE

chemical compositions
• Soil: Soil is becoming less fertile and polluted with dangerous
chemicals
• Living Organisms: While the effects on living organisms are
many, the prime concern is that many of them are going extinct
• Food: Food is becoming contaminated with hazardous
elements and in some cases food production is getting lower
• Human Health: Various diseases are increasing; ozone layer
depletion is increasing chances of skin cancer

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MEASURES TO BE
TAKEN
Time to Act
 SO WHAT DO WE DO?
CLIMATE CHANGE

R ED U C E
, S AV E
R EU SE, ENERGY C H AN G E PL AN T ED U C AT E
R EC YC L AT T R AN SPO R MORE PEO PL E
E HOME T M ET H O D S T R EES AR O U N D U S

Production takes Turn things off Use public Trees and forests Awareness is a
a lot of energy. By when not in use transport more must be saved at must. People should
implementing and use energy instead of all costs. Plant be educated about
3Rs, we can saving personal cars. Or more trees climate change and
reduce our carbon equipment. just use a bicycle. wherever its dangers.
footprint. possible.

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 AREAS IN WHICH WE
CLIMATE CHANGE

SHOULD FOCUS MOST

REDUCING THE USING RENEWABLE
PRODUCTION OF ENERGY SOURCES
GREENHOUSE GASES

Greenhouse gases are one of the Producing energy using fossil

key reasons of climate change.
So, they are one of the first things
that should be taken care of.
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fuels create a lot of problems.
They make GHGs and there’s
also the fact that we will run out
of them soon. Usage of
renewable energy everywhere
should be made a priority.
“THE CLIMATE CRISIS HAS
ALREADY BEEN SOLVED.
WE ALREADY HAVE THE
FACTS AND SOLUTIONS.
ALL WE HAVE TO DO IS
WAKE UP AND CHANGE.”
GRETA THUNBERG