CLIMATE CHANGE

WILL IT BE OUR END?

CLIMATE CHANGE

TOPICS
• WHAT IT MEANS
• CAUSES
• GLOBAL WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
• IMPACT ON
OVERALL
ENVIRONMENT
• MEASURES TO BE
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TAKEN
WHAT IS CLIMATE
CHANGE?
Weather, Climate &
Change
CLIMATE CHANGE

CLIMATE
Weather: Overall atmospheric condition of a place
for a short period of time, considering factors like
temperature, rainfall, Humidity etc.
Climate: Average of the weather of a particular
region
• Measured over a long priod of time, for example
30 years
• A huge area is taken into consideration, can be a
country, a set of countries or an entire continent
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• Doesn’t change frequently
 THE EARTH SYSTEM
CLIMATE CHANGE

The Earth consists of 4 systems:

• Atmosphere – Gaseous mantel enveloping the Earth; mostly Oxygen and

Nitrogen

• Hydrosphere – Oceans, seas and inland water bodies

• Lithosphere – The solid crust covering the Earth on which we live

• Centrosphere – Center of the Earth which holds molten mass

Any drastic change in the above mentioned systems can alter the
5 environment in a negative way causing changes in wheather and climate of a
place or region.
PRESENTATION TITLE

CLIMATE CHANGE
Significant changes in pattern of weather in a
particular area –
• Affects the overall condition of a region like
rainfall, temperature, humidity etc.
• Stays for a long time
• Hampers the natural balance of the
environment
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• Slowly destroys the biodiversity
CAUSES
The 7 Theories of
Climate Change
 THE 7 THEORIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE

• IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT

CLIMATE CHANGE IS HAPPENING

SCIENTISTS HAVE COME UP WITH 7

THEORIES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
THAT COMBINE NATURAL AND
HUMAN-DEPENDENT CAUSES

LET’S SEE WHAT THEY ARE…

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 THE 7 THEORIES
CLIMATE CHANGE

• Anthropogenic Global Warming(AGW): These theory of climate change contends that human emissions of green
house gases, principally carbon dioxide (CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide, are causing a catastrophic rise in global
temperatures. The mechanism whereby this happens is called the enhanced greenhouse effect. It includes the
activities of human beings. For example
• Usage of nonrenewable energy resources(petrochemicals, coal,nuclear energy etc)

• Usage of artificial fertilizers and insecticides (NPK,pestcides, herbicides etc)

• General environmental pollution(Air, Water, solid wastes etc)

Bio-thermostat theory: Rising temperatures and CO2 levels trigger biological and chemical responses in the
atmosphere that have a cooling effect. The more CO2 there is in the air, the better plants grow and the more CO2
they remove from the air and store in their leaves, branches, trunks, and roots, as well as in the soil beneath the
plants – a suite of processes called “sequestration.” Higher temperatures also tend to increase carbon sequestration
rates. Carbonyl sulphide(COS), diffuse light, iodocompounds, dimethyl sulphide and other aerosols.

Cloud Formation & Albedo: postulates that changes in the formation and albedo of clouds create negative
feedbacks that cancel out all or nearly all of the warming effect of higher levels of CO2 .How solar reflectivity of snow
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have an impact on climate change. Albedo is the fraction of light that a surface reflects. The albedo of Earth's surface
(atmosphere, ocean, land surfaces) determines how much incoming solar energy, or light, is immediately reflected
 THE 7 THEORIES
CLIAMTE CHANGE

4. Human Forcing Besides Greenhouse Gases: Human activities that directly affect the Earth’s surface like
building cities and deforestation, coastal developments, jet contrails etc.by transformation of Earth surfaces.

5. Ocean Currents: due to the slow-down of the ocean’s Thermohaline Circulation (THC). Explains global warming
through the energy concentration at the upper layer of the ocean's dependent on variations in temperature, which
give rise to changes in salt content and hence in density.

6. Planetary motion: How the Earth’s tilt, orbit and other planets effect the climate, by natural gravitational and
magnetic oscillations of the solar system induced by the planet’s movement through space. These oscillations
modulate solar variations and/or other extraterrestrial influences of Earth, which then drive climate change

7. Solar Variability: How changes in the coronal ejections and magnetic fields of the sun cause changes in cloud
formation, ocean currents, wind etc. cause climate change. Changes in the brightness of the sun are caused by
sunspots – bursts of energetic particles and radiation – that vary in frequency in cycles of roughly 11, 87, and 210
years. These cycles cause changes in the amount of electromagnetic radiation – also called “solar wind” – that

10 reaches Earth and its atmosphere, which in turn affects Earth’s climate
 EMPHASIS ON HUMAN
CLIMATE CHANGE

CONTRIBUTION

Some people are quick to point out that

climate change is a natural phenomena.
However, this is untrue.

Scientists have considered both causes and

have come to a conclusion that without
human contribution, modern-era climate
change could not have occurred.

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It’s due time we take responsibility.
“CLIMATE CHANGE ISN’T
SOMETHING PEOPLE
GET TO CHOOSE TO
BELIEVE OR NOT;
IT’S HAPPENING.”
MATT GAETZ
GLOBAL WARMING
How Climate Change
Causes Global
Warming
 WHAT IS GLOBAL
CLIMATE CHANGE

WARMING?
Global Warming is the long-term heating
of the Earth’s surface due to various
human activities.
• Sometimes Global Warming and Climate
Change are used interchangebly but
they are different
• Due to climate change, various changes
are occurring and one of them is that the
Earth’s temperature is increasing
• To put it into simple terms, Climate
14 Change is the cause and Global
Warming is the result
 GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE

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 GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND CLIMATE
CLIMATE CHANGE

CHANGE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT IS
THE WAY IN WHICH HEAT IS
TRAPPED CLOSE TO THE
EARTH’S SURFACE BY
GREENHOUSE GASES.

• GHGS INCLUDE CO2, CH4,

NO2, WATER VAPOR ETC.

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CLIMATE CHANGE
STEP 1
During the day, solar
radiation reaches the
Earth’s atmosphere and
a portion of it is reflected
back to space
HOW IT HAPPENS(GHGS EFFECT)
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STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5
Some of the heat is At night, it starts This excessive heat Human activities like
absorbed by the radiating heat that trapping causes the burning fossil fuels
land and oceans goes towards the Earth’s temperature increase GHGs and
upper atmosphere to rise over time the greenhouse
but is trapped by effect continues
gases ever so rapidly
 INCREASE OF C02 BY YEARS
CLIMATE CHANGE

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 GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR
CLIMATE CHANGE

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IMPACT ON OVERALL
ENVIRONMENT
Environment and
It’s Elements
 IMPACT ON
CLIMATE CHANGE

ENVIRONMENT
• Rise in Temperature
• Season Shift: Seasons come and go earlier or later
than their expected time
• Increased and More Extreme Natural Disasters:
▪ Heavy rain causing floods
▪ Severe draughts hampering agricultural
productions
▪ Powerful cyclones and tsunamis destroying
lives and property
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PRESENTATION TITLE

IMPACT ON ITS ELEMENTS

• Water: Changes in water temperature, water levels and chemical
compositions
• Soil: Soil is becoming less fertile and polluted with dangerous
chemicals
• Living Organisms: While the effects on living organisms are
many, the prime concern is that many of them are going
extinct(biodiversity loss)
• Food: Food is becoming contaminated with hazardous elements
and in some cases food production is getting lower
22 • Human Health: Various diseases are increasing; ozone layer
depletion is increasing chances of skin cancer, eye diseases,
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN
Time to Act
 SO WHAT DO WE DO?
CLIMATE CHANGE

REDUCE, CHANGE PLANT EDUCATE

REUSE, SAVE TRANSPORT MORE PEOPLE
RECYCLE ENERGY METHODS TREES AROUND

Use public
Production takes Turn things off Trees and forests Awareness is a
transport more
a lot of energy. By when not in use must be saved at must. People should
instead of
implementing and use energy all costs. Plant be educated about
personal cars. Or
3Rs, we can saving more trees climate change and
just use a bicycle,
reduce our carbon equipment. wherever its dangers.
bikes, carpool.
footprint. possible.

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CLIMATE CHANGE

REDUCING THE USING RENEWABLE

PRODUCTION OF ENERGY SOURCES
GREENHOUSE GASES

Greenhouse gases are one of the Producing energy using fossil

key reasons of climate change.
So, they are one of the first things
that should be taken care of.
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fuels create a lot of problems.
They make GHGs and there’s
also the fact that we will run out
of them soon. Usage of
renewable energy SOURCES
everywhere should be made a
priority.
“THE CLIMATE CRISIS HAS
ALREADY BEEN SOLVED.
WE ALREADY HAVE THE
FACTS AND SOLUTIONS.
ALL WE HAVE TO DO IS
WAKE UP AND CHANGE.”
GRETA THUNBERG