Biomedical Modeling: Analogy & Random Questions

Choose the correct Answer

1. The principle of conservation is
a. Input - output = accumulation
b. model and its analogy have the same differential equation
c. (a) and (b)
d. rate of the analogy input = zero

2. The principle of the analogy is

a. Input - output = accumulation
b. model and its analogy have the same differential equation
c. (a) and (b)
d. rate of the analogy input = zero

3. The analogy of a fluid model must be of a .......... type.

a. Mechanical
b. Fluid
c. Electrical
d. None of the above (Ans: Any Type)

4. The electrical analogy of the fluid tank is ….

a. Resistor
b. Capacitor
c. Inductance
d. Transistor

5. The electrical analogy of the fluid rigid pipe is ….

a. Resistor
b. Capacitor
c. Inductance
d. Transistor

6. The electrical analogy of the fluid pump may be ….

a. Current source
b. Voltage source
c. Diode
d. (a) and (b)

7. The ecology is ….
a. The relation between animals numbers and humans numbers
b. The relation between animals and their environment
c. The relation between weather and environment
d. The number of human cells as function of the red blood cells
8. In biomedical, the population modeling may be used with ….
a. human cells
b. red blood cells
c. white blood cells
d. all the above

9. A thermal system and its electrical analogy circuit must have the same ….
a. Length
b. Mass
c. Differential equation
d. None of the above

10. The modeling applications in the biomedical field may include

a. population (ecology).
b. population and drug effects (pharmakinetics).
c. population, drug effects and virtual surgery.
d. none of the above.

11. This figure represents a pharmacokinetic

compartmental model to study the administration of
intravenous anesthetic agents. That model is
represented mathematically by .............
a. only one first order differential equation.
b. at least one 1st order differential equation.
c. at least one 2nd order differential equation.
d. none of the above. (Ans: at least three 1st order differential equations)

12. The number of the differential equations of the population model must equals ….
a. One
b. Three
c. Four
d. None of the above (Ans: Any number)

13. 𝑙𝑛 𝑎 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑏 = ….
a. 𝑙𝑛 (𝑎 − 𝑏)
b. 𝑙𝑛 (𝑎. 𝑏)
c. exp(a/b)
d. None of the above (Ans: 𝑙𝑛 (𝑎/𝑏))

14. The 3rd order differential equation must have …. initial conditions.
a. Zero
b. One
c. Two
d. Three
15. Consider the following pumping system. Assume that the pump is an ideal one which delivers
liquid at constant pressure.

a. The equivalent electrical analogy component of the pump is

i. current source
ii. inductor
iii. capacitor
iv. none of the above (Ans: Voltage Source)

b. The equivalent electrical analogy component of the tank is

i. current source
ii. inductor
iii. capacitor
iv. inductor and resistor

c. The equivalent electrical analogy component of the valve is

i. current source
ii. inductor
iii. capacitor
iv. none of the above (Ans: Switch)

16. The fluid pipe has a resistor component in its equivalent electrical analogy. The equation of the
value of that resistance is a function of
a. the fluid parameters values.
b. the tube parameters values (e.g., length, diameter, ......).
c. (a) and (b).
d. the value of the inductor component.

17. The deterministic system must have

a. at least one uniform random variable or parameter.
b. at least one random variable or parameter.
c. at least two Gaussian random variables or parameters.
d. none of the above. (Ans: No random variables)
18. In the modeling process, if the system is complex, it can be divided into subsystems. If two
subsystems are stochastic then the whole system is ….
a. Deterministic
b. Stochastic
c. (a) or (b)
d. (a) and (b)

19. The deterministic variable is described by

a. value
b. mean and variance
c. probability distribution
d. standard deviation

20. The value of the uniform probability must be

a. ≤ 0
b. ≤ 0.5
c. ≤ 1
d. ≤ (1/12)

21. The value of the Gaussian probability must be

a. ≤ 0
b. ≤ 0.5
c. ≤ 1
d. ≤ (1/12)

22. The equation of the linear congruential method that has seed = xo = 2, increment = 10,
multiplier = 30, and modulus = 10 is
a. xn+1 = (xn +2) / 10
b. xn+1 = (xn +2) mod 10
c. xn+1 = (xn +2) mod 30
d. xn+1 = (30 xn +10) mod 10

23. If the equation of the linear congruential method is xn+1 = (xn + 3) mod 10 , and the seed =
(xo = 3), then the first four values of the generated random sequence are
a. zero, zero, zero, zero
b. 3, 6, 9, 12
c. 6, 9, 12, 15
d. 6, 9, 2, 5

24. If the equation of the linear congruential method is xn+1 = (xn + 3) mod 10 , and the seed = (xo =
3), then the maximum value of the generated random number is
a. 1
b. 3
c. 10
d. none of the above. (Ans: 9)
25. The output sequence of the equation of the linear congruential method is a
a. true random sequence
b. pseudo random sequence
c. (a) or (b)
d. (a) and (b)

26. The output sequence of the equation of the linear congruential method has a
a. uniform probability distribution
b. Gaussian probability distribution
c. exponentially probability distribution
d. none of the above

27. The standard (the values of the random variables is ≥ 0 and ≤ 1) uniform random variable has
mean =
a. 0
b. 1 / 12
c. 0.5
d. 1

28. The variance of a random variable ‘z’ =

a. E { (z – mean of z) }
b. E { z }
c. E { (z – mean of z)2 }
d. E { z2 }

29. If ‘x’ is a standard normal random variable with mean = zero and standard deviation = 1, then
‘y = 2 + 1.5 x ‘ is a random variable with
a. uniform probability distribution
b. normal probability distribution
c. exponentially probability distribution
d. none of the above

30. If ‘x’ is a standard normal random variable with mean = zero and standard deviation = 1, then
‘y = 3 + 5 x ‘ is a random variable with
a. mean = zero and variance = 1
b. mean = 5 and variance = 3
c. mean = 3 and variance = 5
d. none of the above (Ans: mean = 3 and variance = 25)
Problems
1. The following figure represents a liquid – level system. Draw its analogy electrical circuit (the
drawing must be obvious and neat), and label the variables ‘ Q , Q1 , Q2 , P1 (= ϼgh1) and P2
(= ϼh2)’ on your drawing of the analogy electrical circuit.
2. The following figure shows a hydraulic system consisting of a specified flow pump,
specified pressure pump, storage tank, etc. Neglect inertance and compliance effects of
pipes. Draw a neat and clear electrical equivalent circuit (the analogy) of that system and
write the symbols in The Figure in the proper position in the electrical circuit.
3. Solve the following first order differential equation showing all procedures clearly and
get the equation of x(t)
dx(t) / dt = C x(t), x(0) = xo
4. Consider a biomedical system. Its mathematical model is a first order differential
equation dy(t) / dg(t) = 5 . y(t), y(0) = 100 then y(g) = …. and y(1) = …. x 102