Annotated Bibliography

1. Moore, E., & Skaburskis, A. (2004). Canada’s increasing housing affordability burdens. Housing
Studies, 19(3), 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000204296

In their article, “Canada’s increasing housing affordability burdens” published in 2004, authors examine
the relation between income inequality and housing affordability. They mention that the affordability
problems worsened during 1990s, reflecting the results of a bigger and longer pattern toward expanding
income inequality in Canadian society. They argue that when housing consumes a higher proportion of
income to the point that extreme burden is imposed on the capacity of the family to afford certain
necessities of life such as food, clothes, medication and transportation, individuals and their families are
subjected to increased stress and increased risk of homelessness. The study also shows that areas with
higher levels of income inequality are experiencing higher levels of homelessness as the price of lower
quality housing reflects the market pressure from more affluent households, both increasing the price
and reducing the supply of lower quality housing. They also analyse shelter cost to income ratio which
are affected by changes in housing demand caused by population increase, household formation and
migration and changes in income distribution affect the type and price of housing. They showed that
housing affordability issues caused by the income equality and it became more serious when the low-
income population increases. This article particularly related to our topic because this article not only
analyse the causes of the issue, it also indicates the consequences of problem.

2. Skaburskis, A. (2004). Decomposing Canadas Growing Housing Affordability Problem: Do City

Differences Matter? Urban Studies, 41(1), 117–149. doi: 10.1080/0042098032000155713

This article analyzes the part of eight variables that influence the predominance and frequency of
lodging reasonableness issues: migration/immigration/ ethnicity, salary beneficiaries, wage source, work
and instruction. The most of the Canadian utilize their investment; more than half; of its pay on lodging
which its pay is underneath the destitution line. Increasing levels of homelessness appear to be the only
conditions motivating interest in housing policy at the Canadian federal level and this study sheds some
light on the reasons for the increase in this problem. Rising housing cost are eventually translate into
demand for higher wage and affect economic growth. Children in poor families have greater chance of
being poor when they grownup. The city and territorial contrasts are insignificant after the impacts of
the variables common to all the cities have been accounted for. Changing business levels and sources of
household income are the foremost imperative variables clarifying the predominance and development
of lodging destitution. Whereas single guardians have the most elevated rate, the growth of the issue is
generally within the young non-family family units. Resettling, immigration and ethnicity play a part
that's free of the other components.
The occupational shifts, for those who are fully employed, are in the opposite direction; they help a
little. Although the number of income recipients and the employment income recipients decreased
overall, the changes improved for households with the employed primary maintainer and suggest
further research on the interrelationships between the maintainer’s employment levels and the number
of household income recipients and their social and spatial consequences.