Unit : 6

Introduction to Animation
and Gaming
 Segment
• We are dividing the display file into number of
subparts, which is called as segments.
• Each segment represents a small component of
the overall scene.
• After defining the segments we have to set the
attributes of each segments.
• The attributes include visibility and image
transformations.
• The visibility attribute, indicates whether the
segment is visible or not.
• The segment whose visibility attribute is set to
• Similarly to make a change in image we are
using another attribute of a segment which is
called as image transformations.
 Segment Creation

 Segment must be created or opened when no other segment is

open, since two segments can’t be opened at the same time
because it’s difficult to assign drawing instruction to particular
segment.
 The segment created must be given a name to identify it which
must be a valid one and there should be no segment with the
same name.
 After this, we initialize items in segment table under our segment
name and the first instruction of this segment is allocated at next
free storage in display file and attributes of segments are
initialized to default.
 Closing Segment
 After completing entry of all display file instructions, the segment needs to be
closed for which it has to be renamed, which is done by changing the name of
currently open segment as 0.
 Now the segment with name 0 is open i.e. unnamed segment is open and if
two unnamed segments are present in display file one needs to be deleted.
 Deleting Segment
 To delete a particular segment from display file, we must just delete that one
segment without destroying or reforming the entire display and recover space
occupied by this segment
 Use this space for some other segment.
 The method to achieve this depends upon the data structure used to
represent display file.
 In case of arrays, the gap left by deleted segment is filled by shifting up all the
segments following it.
 Advantages
1. Display file is organized in sub picture way
2. Different set of image transformation can be
applied to different sub pictures.
3. Control the visibility of every sub picture.
Segment Table
Cont….
Animation
• Animation refers to the movement on the
screen of the display device created by
displaying a sequence of still images.
• Animation is the technique of designing,
drawing, making layouts and preparation of
photographic series which are integrated into
the multimedia and gaming products.
• Animation connects the exploitation and
management of still images to generate the
illusion of movement.
• A person who creates animations is called
animator.
• Animation includes all the visual changes on the
screen of display devices. These are:
• 1. Change of shape as shown in fig:
 Animation Techniques
1. Conventional Animation
2. Computer based Animation
1. Conventional Animation

• Storyboard
• Keyframes
• Inbetween
• Pencil test
• Cels
• Route-sheet
• Exposure sheet
2. Computer based Animation
• Steps of computer generated animation
1. Digitization
2. Composition
3. In-between frames
4. Equivalent of pencil test
 Animation Languages
1. Linear list notations
2. General purpose languages
3. Graphical Languages
 Motion specifications
1. Method based on geometric information
2. Method based on kinetic information
3. Method based on physical information
4. Procedural motion
5. Method based on behavior information
Application Areas of Animation
• 1. Education and Training: Animation is used
in school, colleges and training centers for
education purpose. Flight simulators for
aircraft are also animation based.
• 2. Entertainment: Animation methods are
now commonly used in making motion
pictures, music videos and television shows,
etc.
• 3. Computer Aided Design (CAD): One of the
best applications of computer animation is
Computer Aided Design and is generally
referred to as CAD. One of the earlier
• 4. Advertising: This is one of the significant
applications of computer animation. The most
important advantage of an animated
advertisement is that it takes very less space
and capture people attention.
• 5. Presentation: Animated Presentation is the
most effective way to represent an idea. It is
used to describe financial, statistical,
mathematical, scientific & economic data.
Animation Functions

1. Morphing:
• Morphing is an animation function which is
used to transform object shape from one form
to another is called Morphing.
• It is one of the most complicated
transformations.
• This function is commonly used in movies,
cartoons, advertisement, and computer
games.
GAMING
INTRODUCTION
 Gaming is playing an electronic video game,
which is often done on a dedicated gaming
console, PC or Smartphone's

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 People who often play video games are called
gamers
 The word gaming originated in the 15th century
to refer to gambling in dice or card games
 Gaming was used to refer to gambling until the
late 1900s, where it was applied to playing
recreational board games and pen-and-paper role
playing games
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GAMING PLATFORMS: NVIDIA GPU
 GPU computing is the use of a GPU together
with The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a
microprocessor used to execute the program

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instructions and corresponding operations such
as arithmetic, logic, I/O, control, etc. It primarily
emphasises low latency
 The GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is
devised to render images, especially in gaming. It
primarily focuses on high throughputs
 CPU to accelerate general-purpose scientific and
engineering applications
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CONT…
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CONT…
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF NVIDIA GRAPHICS
PROCESSOR

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FEATURES OF NVIDIA GAMING
PLATFORM
 Highest level performance and the smoothest
experience possible from the moment you start
playing

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 Enables developers to add amazing graphics
effects
 Dedicated ray tracing hardware enables fast real
time ray tracing with physical accurate shadow,
reflection, refractions and global elimination
 Provides variable rate shading and faster rates

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ADVANCES IN GAMING
 FACIAL RECOGNITION
 3D scanning and facial recognition technology allows
systems to actually create your likeness in the

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gaming world (so you can create a custom avatar that
looks just like you), or to inventively transfer your
own expressions to other digital creations.
 On top of that, the Intel® RealSense™ 3D camera
could allow developers to create games that adapt to
the emotions of the gamer by scanning 78 different
points on a person’s face.
 For example, a few grimaces at your game screen
means the system would dial down the game’s
difficulty instantly. 34
CONT…
 VOICE RECOGNITION
 Too lazy to pick up that controller? No problem! Voice
controlled gaming has been around for a while, but the

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potential of using the technology in gaming systems has
finally caught up to reality—computers are now able to
easily recognize voice commands from the user.
 GESTURE CONTROL
 Using a 3D camera that tracks 22 separate points in your
hand, gesture control allows users to connect with their
gaming experience by using the natural movements of your
body.
 For example, the game Warrior Wave employs RealSense
technology so you can use your hand (the outline of which
shows up on the screen) to lead a group of Ancient Greek 35
soldiers to safety.
CONT…
 AMAZING GRAPHICS
 Cutting edge advancements now allow gamers to
experience games in fully rendered worlds with photo

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realistic textures.
 The ability to increase playability with higher image
quality makes it seem like you’re right inside the
game.
 HIGH-DEF DISPLAYS
 With gaming graphics this good, you need to have a
bona fide way to show them off.
 Enter Ultra 4K gaming.
 With unbeatable colors and crispness, there’s nothing
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else that can come close.
CONT…
 VIRTUAL REALITY
 Though many virtual reality gaming consoles haven’t been
commercially released as of yet, those developing VR
headset displays are poised to grant gamers a fully

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immersive gaming experience the likes of which nobody
has seen before.
 AUGMENTED REALITY
 They maneuver spaces within the real world and make the
object of the game applicable to real-life situations.
 For example, play table hockey on your kitchen counter
from any angle, or partake in some puzzles mapped out via
obstacles in your backyard.
 WEARABLE GAMING
 Whether it’s smartwatches or glasses, wearable games
make gaming portable without being too invasive.
 Companies that started by using wearable technology for
fitness applications are now aiming to incorporate 37
entertainment into the mix as well.
CONT…
 MOBILE GAMING
 With the advent of smartphones, the gaming experience
has been taken out of the arcade and the living room and
put into the palm of your hand.

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 CLOUD GAMING
 Games no longer need be limited by the amount of memory
that discs or consoles have to offer.
 Using the cloud opens games up to massive server-size
limits where images are streamed to your screen through
the Internet.
 ON-DEMAND GAMING
 Gamers can already watch and share live-streams of
games, but what about playing them? Much like similar
movie streaming services, the ability to stream video
games is becoming more and more a reality, and it could
lead game developers both big and small to compete for
gaming glory. 38