Ten Essentials

The Ten Essentials are survival items that hiking and Scouting organizations
recommend for safe travel in thebackcountry.

The Ten Essentials first appeared in print in the third edition of Mountaineering: The
Freedom of the Hills (January 1974). Many regional organizations and authors
recommend that hikers, backpackers, and climbers rigorously ensure they have the
ten essentials with them. However, personal preferences and differences in
conditions may dictate otherwise and with experience most adventurers add and
subtract from the list depending on the situation.[1] Some lightweight hikers do not
always carry all of the items and believe it is an acceptable risk they take in order to A simple dry magnetic pocket
travel light and fast.[2] compass

Contents
List
Other lists
See also
References
External links

A multi-tool
List
According to the eighth edition of Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills (2010)
book there are ten essentials.[3]

1. Navigation. Topographic map and assorted maps in waterproof container

plus a magnetic compass, optional altimeter or GPS receiver .
2. Sun protection. Sunglasses, sunscreen for lips and skin, hat, clothing for
sun protection.
3. Insulation. Jacket, hat, gloves, rain shell, and thermal underwear .
4. Illumination. Headlamp, flashlight, batteries. LED bulb is preferred to
extend battery life.
5. First-aid supplies, plus insect repellent.
6. Fire. Butane lighter, matches in waterproof container.
7. Repair kit and tools. Knives, multi-tool, scissors, pliers, screwdriver, A trowel that can be used to dig a
trowel/shovel, duct tape, cable ties. cathole
8. Nutrition. Add extra food for one additional day (for emergency). Dry food
is preferred to save weight and usually needs water .
9. Hydration. Add extra 2 liters of water for one additional day (for emergency).
10. Emergency shelter. Tarp, bivouac sack, space blanket, plastic tube tent, jumbo trash bags, insulated sleeping
pad.[4]
This book recommends supplementing the above with:

Portable water purificationand water bottles

Ice axe for glacier or snowfield travel (if necessary)
Signaling devices, such as awhistle, mobile phone, two-way radio, satellite phone, unbreakable signal mirror or
flare, laser pointer.
Other lists
Other outdoor organizations have variations of the Ten Essentials pertinent to local conditions.

Boy Scouts of America's "Scout Basic Essentials" are quite similar (Map and Compass, Sun Protection, Extra Clothing, Flashlight,
rail Food, Water Bottle, and Rain Gear.)[5]
First-Aid Kit, Matches and Fire-starters, Pocketknife, T

Utah's Wasatch Mountain Club lists extra water in place of food, as Utah is mostly desert terrain, and water is more difficult to
find.[6]

The Spokane Mountaineers list "thirteen essentials", which supplement the list with emergency shelter such as a space blanket,
signaling device, and toilet paper and trowel (for sanitary disposal of human waste; the toilet paper also doubles as tinder for starting
a fire).[7]

The "Ten Essential Groups" is an alternative approach to essential gear selection.[8] Items from each group should be chosen
depending on the season, geographic location, and trip duration. In 2011, Columbia Sportswear adopted the "Ten Essential Groups"
concept for their iOS app "Take Ten to the Greater Outdoors".[9]

[10]
Central Arizona Mountain Rescue Association promotes the 12 Essentials, which includes Signaling Devices and Personal Items.

See also
Bow drill Navigation
Camping Orienteering (Scouting)
Dehydration Pioneering (Scouting)
Distilled water Scout Outdoor Essentials
Drinking water Scouting
Emergency shelter Solar still
Firelighting Survival kit
Hiking equipment Survival skills
Hyperthermia Thermal insulation
Hypothermia Water purification
Mini survival kit

References
1. "Ten Essentials" (http://www.gorp.com/hiking-guide/travel-ta-hiking-wilderness-skills-sidwcmdev_058018.html)
. Great
Outdoor Recreation Pages. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
2. Jardine, Ray (2000). Beyond Backpacking: Ray Jardine's Guide to Lightweight Hiking
. AdventureLore Press. p. 124.
ISBN 9780963235930.
3. Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills(8th ed.). Mountaineers Books. 2010.ISBN 9781594851377.
4. "Ten Essentials" (https://www.nps.gov/articles/10essentials.htm). National Park Service.
5. "Packing Checklists for Camping Trips" (http://boyslife.org/outdoors/outdoorarticles/6976/scout-outdoor-essentials-ch
ecklist/). 16 May 2017.
6. "Precipitation in Utah" (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/UTAH.htm). Retrieved 2009-06-06.
7. "The 13 Essentials of the Spokane Mountaineers"(https://web.archive.org/web/20070928222706/http://spokanemou
ntaineers.org/public_html/trip_lead_essentials.htm)
. Spokane Mountaineers. Archived fromthe original (http://spokan
emountaineers.org/public_html/trip_lead_essentials.htm)on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
8. "The Ten Essential Groups" (https://www.webcitation.org/5yUf4mhtH). Dallas Sierra Club. Archived fromthe original
(http://texas.sierraclub.org/dallas/page.asp?10essentialgroups)on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
9. "Take Ten to the Greater Outdoors"(https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/take-ten-to-greater-outdoors/id412088534)
.
Columbia Sportswear. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
10. "Central Arizona Mountain Rescue Association"(http://www.mountainrescue.org/education). 2018-03-20.
External links
"New Ten Essentials". Mountaineers Books.Archived from the original on 2012-09-16.
Wood, T.D. (2014-02-18). "The Ten Essentials". REI.

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