PT.

Perusahaan Gas Negara

(Persero) Tbk. PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Page 2 of 11

Document No Rev.
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

REVISION HISTORICAL SHEET

Rev. Date Description

A 3-Nov-14 Issued For Review

B 10-Jul-15 Issued For Approval
0 13-Aug-15 Issued For Implementation
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Document No. Rev Page 3 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 4
2.0 SUMMARY 4
3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.1 Design Capacity 4
3.2 Hydraulic Calculation 5
3.3 Free Board 5
3.4 Codes, Sandards, AND Reference 5
3.5 Materials 6
4.0 CALCULATION OPEN DITCH
4.1 Calculation for Open Ditch U-Type 6
5.0 REINFORCEMENT 7

ATTACHMENT
A. Sketch of Garawangi's Drainage AREA
B. Open Ditch Calculation
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Document No. Rev Page 4 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This document covers the calculation of Open Drainage System for Sewer and Storm Water Drainage GARAWANGI
SUNYARAGI OFFTAKE STATION Project, owned by PT. PGN (Persero) Tbk. The Open Drainage System is designe
reinforce concrete.

Drainage of rainfall passes the road, pavement, gravel or other area drain from high level to low level and distribute to

System to open ditches plan area, where is following parameter:

· Rainfall intensity (i)
· Run off coefficient (C)
· Catchments area (A)
· Flow discharge (Q = C . I . A)
· Design flow (on gravity)
· Flow velocity (use Manning’s formula)
· Plot plan (layout of building, equipment, pavement, road, gravel etc)
2.0 SUMMARY

The summary open ditch as follow:

Type width depth Thickness Reinforcement

b (mm) h (mm) Slab (mm) Wall (mm) Slab(mm) Wall (mm)
I 500 600 100 100 M6-160 M4-200
II 300 400 100 100 M6-160 M4-190

3.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

3.1 Design Capacity
Open drainage shall be design for the following:
Storm Water Qr = C.i.A
Where:
C = Runoff Coefficient
· Asphalt or concrete paving roof = 0.95
· Macadamized paving = 0.70
· Stone/gravel surfacing = 0.40
Bare offside areas or tank farm
· Clays soils = 0.70
· Sandy soils = 0.60
Grassy areas
· Clays soils = 0.50
· Sandy soils = 0.30
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CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

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CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

3.2 Hydraulic Calculation

The size of open ditches drainage system shall be determined by using Manning formula and continuity equation
follows:
Q= A x V
V= (1/n) x R2/3 x S1/2
Where;
Q : flow rate (m3 / sec)
A : cross-sectional area of flow (m2)
V : flow velocity (m / sec)
n : roughness coefficient
= 0.01 : concrete ditch, trowel.
= 0.02 : concrete ditch, un-finished.
= 0.02 : canals and ditches, smooth earthen.
= 0.03 : ditch, coarse gravel.
R : hydraulic radius = cross-sectional area / wetted perimeter (m)
S : slope of hydraulic gradient (m / m)

3.3 Free Board

A minimum 150 mm of free board shall be considered into the hydraulic design margin.

3.4 Codes, Standards and References

The applicable Standards and Codes used in this analysis are as follow:
· ASTM A444 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated (Galvanized) by Hot-Dip Process, for Sto
and Drainage Pipe.
· ASTM C14 Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Strom Drain and Culvert Pipe.
· ASTM C76 Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete, Strom Drain and Culvert Pipe.
·
ASTM C789M Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Section for Culverts, Strom Drains and S
· ASTM C850M Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Section for Culverts, Strom Drains and S
less than 0.6 meters of Cover Subjected to Highway Loading.
· American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Design of Subsurface Drainage (ASCE 12 – 92)
· American Concrete Institute (ACI)
Building Codes Requirement for Reinforced Concrete (STD 318)
· Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 Edition.
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Document No. Rev Page 6 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

3.5 Materials
The structural materials used in this designed based on design basis:
·
Reinforcing bars in general use for concrete shall be deformed bars conforming to ASTM A615 Grade 60 or equ
with yield stress 4218 kg/cm2 (60,000 psi). Reinforcing bars for shear minimum10 mm diameter shall be plain ba
conforming to ASTM A615 Grade 40 or equivalent with yield stress 2812 kg/cm 2 (40,000 psi).

· With Wiremesh M8.

·
Structural concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of Fc 30 Mpa at 28 days (with cylinder specimen
· Structural concrete for culvert shall have minimum compressive strength of Fc 30 Mpa at 28 days (with cylinder
test) and shall be designed to withstand heavy truck traffic load.
·
Lean concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 125 kg/cm 2 at 28 days (with cylinder specimen tes

4.0 CALCULATION FOR OPEN DITCH

For easy step, calculation for open ditch drainage system is prepared in spreadsheet (table format Ms.Excel) because
only solve this problem by trial and error. For detail calculation open ditch see attachment – B.
4.1 Calculation for Open Ditch U-Type
Table format Ms.Excel calculation is follow:
· Col (1) Mark for area
· Col (2) One line ditch
· Col (3) Qi, total discharge from other source line
· Col (4) Length of one ditch from manhole to manhole (m)
· Col (5) Type of surface
· Col (6) Coefficient of runoff = 0.6 (for sandy surface)
· Col (7) Time Concentration (Tc = minute)
Tc = 0.0195 * [(Col (4)/Col (19)0.5]0.77
· Col (8) Rain Intensity (mm/Hour)
( I = (R/24) * (24/t)2/3 )
· Col (9) Area (m2)
· Col (10) Rain discharge ( Q = C.i.A )
Q = (1/1000) * Col (6) * Col(8) * Col (9) = m 3 / hr
· Col (11) Total design discharge
Q from other source line = Col (3) + Col (10)
· Col (12) Trial start
Width of water b = 100 cm
· Col (13) Trial start
Height of water h = 50 cm
· Col (14) Ditch material = reinforce concrete
· Col (15) Manning coefficient = 0.012 for concrete

· Col (16) R = Hydraulic radius = A / P = bh / (b+2h)

((Col (12) * Col (13)) / (Col (11) + 2 * Col (13)) / 100
· Col (17) C = Elevation difference (cm)
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Document No. Rev Page 7 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

· Col (18) L = Length of one ditch from manhole to manhole

· Col (19) S = Slope = ∆ / L
Col (17) / Col (18)
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CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

· Col (20) Decision, if S < 0.002 or S > 0.004 then b, h or ∆ must be changed, if 0.002 < S < 0.004 then b, h and ∆
acceptable we get S = 0.0023 > 0.002 …OK.
· Col (21) Flow velocity, V = 1/n * R2/3 * S1/2
1 / Col (15) * Col (16)2/3 * Col (19)1/2

·
Col (22) Decision, if V < 0.6 or V > 2.1 then b and h must be changed and if 0.6 < V < 2.1 then b and h are acce
· Col (23) Flow discharge Q = A.V = (b.h).V
(Col (12) * Col (13)) * 10-4 * Col (21)
· Col (24) Ratio of Q design total / flow discharge
Col (11) / Col (23)
· Col (25) Decision, if ratio ≤ 1 then b and h are acceptable.
· Col (26) Freeboard = 15 cm
· Col (27) Width b start = 50 cm
· Col (28) Height h start = h + freeboard
· Col (29) Width b end = 50 cm
· Col (30) Height h end = h + ∆ + freeboard
Col (13) + Col (17) + Col (26)

5.0 REINFORCEMENT
Unit Weight of Material Material Properties

Material UNIT WEIGHT Material UNIT WEIGHT

Reinforce Concrete 2400 kg/m3 Structural Concrete (fc') 350 kg/cm2
Gravel 2200 kg/m3 35 MPa
Soil 1679 kg/m3 Reinforcing Steel Bar (fy) 4590 kg/cm2
450 MPa

Ka = Tan 2 (45o - f/2) Where f soil = 17.59 o

= Tan^2 (45 - 17,59/2)
= 0.54
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

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CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

Loading Design
The forces are considered in the design U ditch concrete :
- Active Lateral pressure of soil
- Surcharge Load = 0,6 x g soil
= 0,6 x 1679 = 1007.4 kg/m3 (AASHTO 3.11.6.4)

Loading Combination
Factored loading combination for wall of cellar concrete design:
LCOMB1 = 1.4 D

Detail Calculation

Ditch dimension Aroun Area (Type - I):

h= 600 mm
b= 500 mm
t1 = 100 mm
t2 = 100 mm

Ditch dimension Around Building (Type - II) :

h= 400 mm
b= 300 mm
t1 = 100 mm
t2 = 100 mm

Reinforcement design
Wall design
Ditch wall shall be design to resist load are consist :
- Soil active pressure
- Surcharge Load
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Document No. Rev Page 10 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

Active pressure soil Surcharge Pressure

g soil = 1679 kg/m3 Surcharge Load (Qs) = 1007 kg/m3
Pa = 0,5 x Ka x g soil x h2 Ps = Ka x Qs x h
= 0.162 t/m2 = 0.324 t/m2

Ptotal = Pa + Ps
= 0.486 t/m2

Reinforcement
Wall is assumed as free at the top side reinforcement wall per 1m width.

Vertical reinforcement

ly = 1000 mm wall thickness = 100 mm

ly/lx = 1.67
Mult = 0.06 x qult x lx2
= 0.0105 t.m
lx = 600 mm = 0.1029 kN.m

fc' = 30 MPa 0,59 x r2 x Fy2

Rn = r x Fy -
Fy = 400 MPa fc'
Mult = 102947.812 N.mm 0.03 = (412 x r) - (4552 x r2)
t = 100 mm r = 0.008%
con. Cover = 25 mm rmin = 1,4 / Fy
dia. Steel bar = 8 mm = 0.35%
0,85 x fc' 600
rmin = 0.75 x x bi x
As =
79 mm 2
Fy 600 + F
d =
67 mm = 2.44%
b =
1000 mm rbalance = bi x 0.85 fc' x 600
f =
0.75 fy 600 + fy
b =
0.85 = 3.25%
Mult r max = 0.75 rbalance
Rn =
f x b x d2 = 2.44%
= 0.031 rused = 0.35%
As total = rused x b x d
= 234.500 mm2 per 1m length
Min No of wire = As total / As
= 3
Spacing = 333.3 mm ≈ 200 mm

Use D 8 - 200 for all depth

Provide rebar diameter 13 mm - space 200 mm one layer
Use Wiremesh M8 - 150 (As = 335) for all depth.
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

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Document No. Rev Page 11 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

Horizontal reinforcement

r used = 0.18% (r min = 0.18% for srinkage and temperature)

As req =r * b * d
= 121 mm2
Diameter of reinf. Bars 13 mm
As = 132.73 mm2
As req / As = 1 ea
spacing = Width / no. of bars
= 1 m
= 1000 mm => 300 mm

Use D 13 - 300 for all depth

Use Wiremesh M8 - 150 (As = 335) for all depth.

Open Ditch Design Around Building

Active pressure soil Surcharge Pressure
g soil = 1679 kg/m3 Surcharge Load (Qs) = 0 kg/m3
Pa = 0,5 x Ka x g soil x h2 Ps = Ka x Qs x h
= 0.072 t/m2 = 0.00 t/m2

Ptotal = Pa + Ps
= 0.072 t/m2

Reinforcement
Wall is assumed as free at the top side reinforcement wall per 1m width.

Vertical reinforcement

ly = 1000 mm wall thickness = 100 mm

ly/lx = 2.5
Mult = 0.06 x qult x lx2
= 0.0006 t.m
lx = 400 mm = 0.0062 kN.m

fc' = 30 MPa 0,59 x r2 x Fy2

Rn = r x Fy -
Fy = 400 MPa fc'
 PT. PGN (PERSERO) Tbk PT. PETROTECHINDO UTAMA PT. PRATIWI PUTRI S

CALCULATION FOR SEWER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Document No. Rev Page 12 of 11
CP12-PPS-3274B-CV-CA-007 0

Mult = 6213.58536 N.mm 0.002 = (412 x r) - (4552 x r2)

t = 150 mm r = 0.001%
con. Cover = 75 mm rmin = 1,4 / Fy
dia. Steel bar = 13 mm = 0.35%
0,85 x fc' 600
rmax = 0.75 x x bi x
As 79= mm2 Fy 600 + F
d 62= mm = 2.44%
b =
1000 mm rbalance = bi x 0.85 fc' x 600
f =
0.75 fy 600 + fy
b =
0.85 = 3.25%
Mult r max = 0.75 rbalance
Rn =
f x b x d2 = 2.44%
= 0.002
rused = 0.35%

As total = rused x b x d
= 217.000 mm2 per 1m length
Min No of wire = As total / As
= 3
Spacing = 333 mm
≈ 300 mm
Use D 13 - 300 for all depth
Provide rebar diameter 13 mm - space 300 mm one layer
Use Wiremesh M8 - 150 (As = 335) for all depth.

Horizontal reinforcement

r used = 0.18% (r min = 0.18% for srinkage and temperature)

As req =r * b * d
= 112 mm2
Diameter of reinf. Bars 13 mm
As = 132.73 mm2
As req / As = 1 ea
spacing = Width / no. of bars
= 1 m
= 1000 mm => 300 mm

Use D 13 - 300 for all depth

Use Wiremesh M8 - 150 (As = 335) for all depth.
 PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

WER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Page 13 of 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
 PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

WER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

Page 14 of 11

pen Drainage System for Sewer and Storm Water Drainage GARAWANGI AND
owned by PT. PGN (Persero) Tbk. The Open Drainage System is designed with

ment, gravel or other area drain from high level to low level and distribute to biopory
 PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

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Page 15 of 11

stem shall be determined by using Manning formula and continuity equation as

ation for Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated (Galvanized) by Hot-Dip Process, for Storm Sewer

ion for Reinforced Concrete, Strom Drain and Culvert Pipe.

Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Section for Culverts, Strom Drains and Sewer.
Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Section for Culverts, Strom Drains and Sewer
Subjected to Highway Loading.
 PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

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Page 16 of 11

ncrete shall be deformed bars conforming to ASTM A615 Grade 60 or equivalent

psi). Reinforcing bars for shear minimum10 mm diameter shall be plain bars
or equivalent with yield stress 2812 kg/cm 2 (40,000 psi).

mum compressive strength of Fc 30 Mpa at 28 days (with cylinder specimen test).

ave minimum compressive strength of Fc 30 Mpa at 28 days (with cylinder specimen
nd heavy truck traffic load.

compressive strength of 125 kg/cm 2 at 28 days (with cylinder specimen test).

ainage system is prepared in spreadsheet (table format Ms.Excel) because we can

or detail calculation open ditch see attachment – B.
 PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

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Page 17 of 11

0.004 then b, h or ∆ must be changed, if 0.002 < S < 0.004 then b, h and ∆ are
2 …OK.

1 then b and h must be changed and if 0.6 < V < 2.1 then b and h are acceptable.

10.0000000000000
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WER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

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600
600 + Fy
 PT. PRATIWI PUTRI SULUNG

WER AND DRAINAGE GARAWANGI OFFTAKE STATION

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600
600 + Fy
 Sketch of Garawangi's Drainage AREA

F G H I J K L

A7
A3 5 A6
A2 A8

A5

A4

A1

1 2

A9

D
C B A
 M

A7
Area Luas (m2)
A1 121.800
A2 6.000
N A3 6.000
A4 111.100
A5 111.100
A6 14.800
A7 6.576
A8 6.576
A9 11.694

P
 OPEN DITCH CALCULATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Max. Rain density (R) = 200.0 mm

Trial Start Calc. of Parameter Sloope Calc. & Control Velocity Control Discharge Control Margin Start of End of
Other Source Line L Q Rain = C I A (m3/hr) Qtotdsgn Water Size (cm) Ditch Manning R SLOPE (0.002<S<0.04) V 0.6<V<2.1 Flow Disch. Ratio < 1 FB Open Ditch Size
Marks Ratio
Mark Qi (m3/hr) (m) Surface C Tc (mnt) I A (m2) Q (m3/hr) Width Height Mat'l Coeff. (m) D (cm) L(m) S Decision (m/sec) Decision (m3/Hr) Decision (cm) b (cm) h (cm) b (cm) h (cm)

1 B-C 0.00 11.50 Concrete 0.4 1.40 849.5 121.80 41.39 41.39 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 2.3 11.50 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.22 OK! 15 50 30 50 32.3

2 E-F 0.00 4.40 Concrete 0.4 0.67 1391.0 6.00 3.34 3.34 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 1 4.40 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.02 OK! 15 50 30 50 31
F-G 3.34 4.40 Concrete 0.4 0.67 1391.0 6.00 3.34 6.68 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 1 4.40 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.03 OK! 15 50 31 50 32

3 1-2 0.00 21.00 Concrete 0.4 2.22 623.6 111.10 27.71 27.71 30 15 Conc. 0.013 0.075 5 21.00 0.002 OK! 0.612 OK! 99.11 0.28 OK! 15 30 30 30 35
2-J 27.71 13.80 Concrete 0.4 1.61 773.6 111.10 34.38 62.09 30 15 Conc. 0.013 0.075 3 13.80 0.002 OK! 0.612 OK! 99.11 0.63 OK! 15 30 35 30 38

4 J-K 0.00 4.43 Concrete 0.4 0.67 1387.0 14.80 5.03 5.03 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 0.9 4.43 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.03 OK! 15 50 30 50 30.9

5 L-M 0.00 2.93 Concrete 0.4 0.49 1713.9 6.58 4.51 4.51 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 1 2.93 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.02 OK! 15 50 30 50 31
M-N 4.51 3.50 Concrete 0.4 0.56 1564.4 6.58 4.11 8.62 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 1 3.50 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.04 OK! 15 50 31 50 32

6 O-P 0.00 4.20 Concrete 0.4 0.64 1424.6 11.69 3.97 3.97 50 15 Conc. 0.013 0.094 0.9 4.20 0.002 OK! 0.710 OK! 191.68 0.02 OK! 15 50 30 50 30.9

7 A-B 0.00 20.50 Concrete 0.4 2.18 631.3 106.85 26.98 26.98 50 25 Conc. 0.013 0.125 5 20.50 0.002 OK! 0.860 OK! 387.01 0.07 OK! 25 50 50 50 53
D-E 3.34 15.40 Concrete 0.4 1.75 731.2 49.05 14.35 17.68 50 25 Conc. 0.013 0.125 4 15.40 0.002 OK! 0.860 OK! 387.01 0.05 OK! 25 50 53 50 54
G-H 6.68 7.10 Concrete 0.4 0.97 1088.1 59.97 26.10 32.78 50 25 Conc. 0.013 0.125 2 7.10 0.002 OK! 0.860 OK! 387.01 0.08 OK! 25 50 54 50 56
I-J 62.09 15.44 Concrete 0.4 1.76 730.2 49.71 14.52 76.61 50 25 Conc. 0.013 0.125 4 15.44 0.002 OK! 0.860 OK! 387.01 0.20 OK! 25 50 56 50 58
K-L 9.54 4.72 Concrete 0.4 0.70 1342.5 26.66 14.32 23.85 50 25 Conc. 0.013 0.125 1 4.72 0.002 OK! 0.860 OK! 387.01 0.06 OK! 25 50 58 50 59
N-O 8.62 11.45 Concrete 0.4 1.39 851.4 9.40 3.20 11.82 50 25 Conc. 0.013 0.125 3 11.45 0.002 OK! 0.860 OK! 387.01 0.03 OK! 25 50 50 50 53
 PERHITUNGAN PLAT TUTUP SALURAN U-DITCH

1. Concrete Cover U Ditch

Figure 1.1 Concrete Cover

Point load from truck per wheel Qp = 10.5 ton

Weight of concrete cover W= 0.38 m
Wccov = 0.087 ton
Distributed weight of conc cover
qcov = Wccov/W = 0.228947 ton/m
Moment for design M1 = 0,25*Qp*W = 0.9975 ton.m
M2 = 1/8*qcov*W = 0.004133 ton.m
2

Ultimate moment,
Mu = 1,2M1 + 1,6M2 = 12.03612 kN.m
Reinforcement design :
fc' = 29.05 Mpa
fy = 373.5 Mpa
b= 1200 mm
t= 100 mm
concrete cover = 20 mm
d = t - cover = 73.5 mm
Mu = 12.0361 kN.m

Mu
Rn = Rn = 2.06295 Mpa
0,9 x b x d2

ρ= 0.58 %

ρmax = 2.60 %

ρmin = 1,4 / Fy = 0.37 %

ρshrink = 0.18 %

Asreq = ρ*b*d
Asreq = 50940.495
 Rebar diameter, dr = 13 mm
Rebar section area, Ar = 79 mm2
Spacing, s= 200 mm

Single shear capacity

Shear load for design, V1 = Qp/2 = 5.25 ton
V2 = qcov*W/2 = 0.0435 ton
Ultimate shear,
Vu = 1,2*V1 + 1,6*V2 = 63.696 kN
Vn= Vu/0,75 = 84.928 kN

Vc = 0,2√fc*b*d Vc = 95076.16 N
= 95.07616 > Vu
….OK