B.E. (Civil Engineering) Fifth Semester (C.B.S.

)
Fluid Mechanics-I
P. Pages : 2 NIR/KW/18/3405
Time : Three Hours *1889* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Diagrams and chemical equations should be given whenever necessary.

1. a) What is capillarity? Derive expression for height of capillary rise. 6

b) The space between two parallel plates 5 mm apart is filled with crude oil. A force of 2 N 7
is required to drag the upper plate at a constant velocity of 0.8 m/s. The lower plate is
stationary. Determine
i) The dynamic viscosity and
ii) The kinematic viscosity of the oil in stokes if the specific gravity of oil is 0.9.

OR
2. a) State and prove "Pascal's law". 6

b) An inverted differential manometer containing an oil of sp. gravity 0.90 is connected to 7

find the difference of pressure at two points of a pipe containing water. If the manometer
reading is 400 mm, find the difference of pressure.

3. a) Derive expressions for total pressure and centre of pressure for a vertically immersed 6
surface.

b) A rectangular plate 2m  4m is vertically immersed in water in such a way that 2 meters 7

side is parallel to the water surface and 2.5 meters below it. Find the total pressure on the
rectangular plate. Take w = 9.81 kN / m3 .

OR
4. a) Define and explain 6
i) Metacentre ii) Buoyancy

b) A wooden block 1m  0.4 m  0.3 m is floating in water. If its specific gravity is 0.8 7
determine the metacentric height for tilt about its longitudinal axis.

5. a) Derive the continuity equation in cartesian co-ordinates. 6

b) Define and explain 7

i) Velocity potential ii) Stream function.

NIR/KW/18/3405 1 P.T.O
 OR

6. a) Show that the stream lines and equipotential lines form a net of mutually perpendicular 6
lines.

b) From the consideration of vorticity and rotation show that in case of ideal fluids the flow 7
is irrotational.

7. a) Derive Euler's equation of motion. 6

b) A pipe 300 m long has a slope of 1 : 100 and tapers from 1 m dia at the higher end to 0.5 m 7
at the lower end. Quantity of water flowing is 90 lit/sec. If the pressure at higher end is 70
kN/m2. Find the pressure at the lower end.

OR
8. The angle of reducing bend is 60º. Its initial diameter 300 mm and final one 150 mm and is 13
fitted in a pipeline carrying a discharge of 360 lit/sec. The pressure at the commencement
of the bend is 2.943 bar. The friction loss in the pipe bend may be assumed as 10% kinetic
energy at exit of the bend. Determine the force exerted by the reducing bend.

9. a) Derive the expression Cd = Cv  Cc . 4

b) Obtain an expression for discharge through a large orifice. 5

c) Obtain an expression for time of emptying a tank through an orifice at its bottom. 5

OR
10. a) Derive an expression for the discharge over a rectangular Notch or weir in terms of head 6
of water over the crest of the notch or weir.

b) A 40 m long weir is divided into 12 equal bays by vertical posts, each 0.6 m wide. Using 8
Franci's formula, calculate the discharge over the weir if the head over the crest is 1-20 m
and velocity of approach is 2 m/sec.

11. The resisting force F of a plane during flight can be considered as depend end upon the 14
length of aircraft l, velocity  , air viscosity , air density  , and bulk modulus of air K.
Express the functional relationship between these variables and the resisting force using
dimensional analysis.

OR
12. a) What is difference between Laminar flow and a turbulent flow. 4

b) Explain about Reynold's experiment. 5

c) Derive Hagen - Poiseuille equation. 5

*********

NIR/KW/18/3405 2
 B.E. (Civil Engineering) Fifth Semester (C.B.S.)
Fluid Mechanics - I

P. Pages : 3 NJR/KS/18/4460
Time : Three Hours *0203* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Diagrams and chemical equations should be given whenever necessary.

1. a) State Newton's laws of viscosity. How viscosity will be find out? 4

b) Explain 4
i) Compressibility. ii) Capillary action.

c) Ten litres of a liquid of specific gravity 1.30 is mixed with a 6 litres of a liquid of specific 5
gravity 0.80. If the bulk of the liquid shrinks by 1.5% on mixing, calculate the fluid
properties.

OR

2. a) Differentiate between: 6
i) Newtonian fluid and Non Newtonian fluid.
ii) Cohesion and adhesion.
iii) Dynamic viscosity & Kinematic viscosity.

b) A rectangular solid block of 1m x 1m that weights 30 N slides down a 30º inclined plane. 7
The plane is lubricated by a 5mm thick film of oil of viscosity of 20.04 N-S/m. Calculate
the terminal velocity of the block.

3. a) Convert a pressure head of 10 m of water into. 6

i) Pressure head of carbon tetrachloride of specific gravity 1.6.
ii) Pressure head of oil of specific gravity 0.8.
iii) Pressure head of mercury.

b) A vertical square plate of size 1m x 1m is immersed in water such that its side is parallel 7
to water surface and lies 0.5 m below it. Calculate the magnitude of total pressure and
centre of pressure.

OR

4. a) An open rectangular tank 3.5m long x 2m deep x 1.8m wide contains water to a depth of 6
1.5m. Find the horizontal acceleration which may be imparted to the tank along its longer
side so that there is no spilling of water from the tank.

NJR/KS/18/4460 1 P.T.O
 b) A rectangular barge is 20m long. 6m wide and 3m deep. When fully loaded. the depth of 7
immersion of the barge is 2m. The CG of the barge is on the axis of symmetry at the water
surface. Determine the stability conditions of the barge & metacentric height.

5. a) What does the smoke emitting from a lighted cigarette represent, streamline or path line 4
or streak line? Why?

b) How is the circulation defined? 4

c) Show that the lines of constant stream function and velocity potential must intersect 6
orthogonally.

OR

6. a) Explain the following terms in brief: 4x2

i) Stream function ii) Velocity potential =8
iii) Flow nel. iv) Vorticity.

b) A two dimensional flow field has velocities along the x-direction and y directions given by 6
u = x2 t and v = -2 xyt respectively, where t is time. Find the equation of streamline.

7. a) Explain. 6
i) Pitot tube ii) Orifice meter.

b) A venturimeter with 150 mm inlet diameter & 100mm throat is used for measuring flow. 7
of oil (S=0.9). Differential gauge shows a reading of 30cm. Assuming Cd of 0.98, Calculate
the discharge flowing through the venturimeter.

OR

8. a) Explain Briefly: 6
i) Impulse Momentum equation for fluid flow.
ii) Kinetic energy correction factor.

b) Derive Bernoulli's theorem from Eulers' equation of motion. A horizontal water pipe of 7
diameter 15cm converges to 7.5cm diameter. If the pressure at the two sections are
400 kPa and 150 kPa respectively, calculate the flow rate of water.

9. a) Derive the expression Cd = Cc x Cv. 6

b) A Swimming pool 15m long and 8m wide holds water to a depth of 2m. If the water is 7
discharged through a 20cm diameter orifice at the bottom of pool, find the time required to
empty the pool. The coefficient of discharge of the orifice is 0.63.

OR

10. a) Explain. 6
i) Cippoletti weir.
ii) Velocity of approach.
iii) Error in rectangular weir.

NJR/KS/18/4460 2
 b) In an experiment on a rectangular notch of 0.50m wide, the flow is collected in a 1.0m 7
diameter vertical cylindrical tank. It is found that the depth of water increases by 0.75m in
20 seconds when the head over the notch is 0.10m. Determine the coefficient of discharge
of the notch.

11. a) Explain briefly. 6

1) Laminar and Turbulent flow.
2) Reynold's number and critical velocity.

b) What size of pipe should be installed to carry 5.5 x 10-3 m3/s for medium oil [Kinematic 8
viscosity 6 x 10-6 m2] under laminar flow conditions?

OR

12. a) Explain Buckingham  theorem. 6

b) Resistance R due to wind on a tall vertical chimney is dependent upon the density  and 8
viscosity  of air, the wind velocity V, the diameter D and height H of the chimney.
Develop an expression for resistance of the chimney in terms of these quantities.

***********

NJR/KS/18/4460 3 P.T.O
NJR/KS/18/4460 4
 B.E. (Civil Engineering) Fifth Semester (C.B.S.)
Fluid Mechanics - I
P. Pages : 2 NRJ/KW/17/4460
Time : Three Hours *0964* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Diagrams and chemical equations should be given whenever necessary.
11. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
12. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.
1. a) State newton's law of viscosity and draw a Rheological diagram and show theorem: 7
i) Ideal fluid ii) Non- Newtonian fluid
iii) Thixotropic fluid iv) Ideal plastic
v) Dilatant fluid vi) Ideal solid
b) A body weighing 320 N with a flat surface area of 0.065 m2 slides down a lubricated 7
inclined plane making a angle 350 with the horizontal for the viscosity of 0.1 Pa-S and
body speed of 2 m/sec. Determine the lubricant film thickness.
OR
2. a) A Piston 797 mm diameter and 300 mm long works in a 900 mm diameter cylinder. If the 7
annular space is filled with a lubricating oil of viscosity 0.5 poise, calculate the speed of
piston in vertical position. The axial load including the weight of the piston is 9.81 N.
b) Find surface tension in a soap bubble of 23 mm diameter when the inside pressure is 1.7 7
N/m2 above atmosphere. Derive the expression used for the surface tension.
3. a) Prove that the total pressure exerted by a static liquid on an inclined plane submerged 6
surface is same as the force exerted on a vertical plane surface as long as the depth of
center of gravity of the surface is unaltered.
b) A circular plate of diameter 2 m is submerged in water vertically such that its top surface 7
is 1 m below the free surface of the water. Determine the total pressure force on the plate
and the position of the center of pressure.
OR
4. a) Discuss metacenter and meta centric height of a floating body. State the position of 6
metacenter, center of gravity.
b) An ice-berg floats in sea water. If the specific gravity of iceberg and sea water are 0.90 7
and 1.03, respectively, find the percentage of total volume of the iceberg below the sea
water surface.
5. a) Define stream function and velocity potential. Show that equipotential and streamlines 6
intersect each other orthogonally.
b) If   x2y  1 , determine the velocity at points (4,5) and (5,6) also find stream function. 7
OR

NRJ/KW/17/4460 1 P.T.O
6. a)    
V 6 xt  y 2z  15 i  3xy 2  t 2  y j   2  3ty k What is the acceleration of a particle at 6
(3, 2, 4) at time t = 3 Sec. Classify this velocity field as steady or unsteady, uniform or
non- uniform and one, two or three- dimensional?

b)  
If   x 3  y3 , show that the flow is not a potential flow. 7

7. a) Bernoulli's theorem is based on which principle? Give its statement. Name three devices 5
where Bernoulli's equation is applied.

b) A 300 m long pipe has a slope of 1:100 and tapers form 1.20m diameter at higher end to 8
0.60m diameter at the lower end. It carries water at a rate of 100 lit/sec. Find the average
velocities at the higher and lower end. If the pressure at high end is 2 150kN/m, Find the
pressure at the low end. Neglect friction.
OR
8. a) Coefficient of discharge of Venturimeter is always greater than orifice meter. Why? 5

b) A venturimeter with inlet and throat of 150mm and 75mm resp. is mounted in a vertical 8
pipe carrying water, the flow being upwards. The throat section is 250 mm above the inlet
of the venturimeter. The discharge of the venturimenter is 40 lit/sec. and coefficient of
discharge is 0.96. Calculate.
a) The static pressure difference between inlet and throat and.
b) The difference in levels of mercury in a vertical u-tube manometer connected
between these points.

9. a) An orifice of diameter 40 mm is provided in a vertical cylindrical tank of radius 550 mm 7

& length 2000 mm. Find the discharge through the orifice. Take Cd = 0.63.

b) A vertical cylindrical tank of diameter 800mm & length 2000mm is provide with an 6
orifice of diameter 110mm. Find the time taken to reduce the head of water from 1500mm
to 500mm. Take Cd = 0.63.
OR
10. a) Determine the discharge through a rectangular notch of length. 2.1 m with the head over 7
the notch as 0.5m. Determine the discharge through the notch considering velocity of
approach. Cd = 0.64.

b) A weir 36m long is divided into 12 equal bays by vertical posts, each 60 cm wide. 6
Determine the discharge over the weir if the head over the crest is 1.2 m and velocity of
approach is 2 m/s.

11. a) Define and give significance of Reynold's number and Froude number. Explain both. 7

b) The size of droplets 'd' produced by a liquid spray nozzle depends upon the nozzle 7
diameter 'D', Jet velocity 'v', liquid density, and viscosity, and surface tension using
Buckingham's pi theorem, obtain the dimensionless parameters.
OR
12. a) Explain Reynold's experiment. List out the observations made by Reynolds. 4
b) Differentiate between laminar and Turbulent flow. 4
c) What are repeating variables? How to select these? 6

**************

NRJ/KW/17/4460 2
 B.E. Fifth Semester (Civil Engineering) (C.B.S.)
Fluid Mechanics - I

P. Pages : 3 NKT/KS/17/7320
Time : Three Hours *0003* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
11. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) Define:
4
i) Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid with one example each

ii) Dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity.

b) Determine specific gravity of a fluid having density 3000kg / m3 . Also find its kinematic 4

viscosity when at a certain point in the fluid, the shear stress is 0.75 N/m 2 and velocity
gradient is 0.9/sec.

c) A capillary tube having internal diameter 6mm is immersed in a water at 20ºC. Calculate 5
the height of water rise in the capillary. Take angle of contact as  = 60º and surface
tension of water in contact with air as 0.073 N/m.

OR

2. a) Differentiate between : 6

i) Pressure intensity and pressure head.

ii) Simple manometer and differential manometer.

iii) Gauge pressure and absolute pressure.

b) A pipe contains an oil of specific gravity 0.9. A differential manometer corrected at the two 7
points A and B on same level shows a difference in mercury level as 150mm. Determine
the difference of pressure at the two points in bar.

3. a) What is the effect of increase in liquid level on centre of pressure, when the plane surface 6
is immersed in liquid
i) Vertically
ii) Horizontally?

NKT/KS/17/7320 1 P.T.O
 b) A rectangular tank is accelerated horizontally at 2 m/sec2 in the direction of its length. 7
The tank is 3m long; 1.5m wide and 1.5m deep and contains water to a depth of 0.8m.
Find
i) the inclination of water surface with the horizontal.
ii) Depths of water at the two ends.
iii) Total pressure on the two ends of the tank.

OR

4. a) Explain how would you check the experimentally stability of floating bodies? Also what 6
are the three states of equilibrium.

b) A wooden block of specific gravity 0.75 floats in water. If the size of the block is 7
1m x 0.5m x 0.4m, Find its metacentric height.

5. a) Differentiate between the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods of representing fluid flow. 6

b) A two dimensional flow is described by the velocity components 7

u  5x3 and v  15x 2y
Determine the stream function, velocity and acceleration at point p (x=1m and y=2m).

OR

6. a) Define: 6
i) Stream line.
ii) Flow net
iii) Irrotational flow
iv) Vorticity
v) Velocity potential
vi) Unsteady and steady flow.

b) In a two dimensional flow field for an incompressible fluid the velocity components are 7
3 3
y x
u  2 x  x  y and   xy 2  2 y  . Find the expression for the stream function 
3 3
and velocity potential .

7. a) Write the assumptions made while deriving Bernoulli's equation. Also state and prove 7
Bernoulli's equation.

b) A pipe 200m long slopes dow at 1 in 100 and tapers from 600mm diameter at the higher 7
end to 300mm diameter at the lower end. The pipe carries 100 litres/sec of oil (Sp. gr. 0.85).
If the pressure gauge at the higher end reads 50 kN / m2 ,
determine
i) Velocities at the two ends, and
ii) Pressure at the higher end
Neglect losses.

OR

NKT/KS/17/7320 2
8. a) An orifice of 150mm diameter is fitted in a pipe having diameter of 300mm carrying oil of 7
Sp. gravity. 0.9. Reading of differential manometer attached to the pipe shows a reading of
500mm of mercury. If the coefficient of discharge of the meter is 0.64, determine the rate
of flow.

b) A venturimeter is used for measuring the flow of petrol in a pipeline inclined at 35º to 7
horizontal. The Sp. gr. of petrol is 0.81 and throat area ratio is 4. If the difference in
mercury level in the gauge is 50mm
Calculate the flow in m3 / s , if the pipe diameter is 300mm. Take venturimeter
constant = 0.975.

9. a) An orifice 65mm diameter is discharging water under a head of 8m. If coefficient of 7

discharge is 0.6 and coefficient of velocity is 0.9, find actual discharge and also the actual
velocity of the jet at vena contracta.

b) Find the discharge from a 100mm diameter external mouthpiece, fitted to a side of a 7
vessel, if the head over the mouthpiece is 4m.

OR

10. a) Find the discharge over a rectangular weir of length 100m. The head of water over the 7
weir is 1.5m. The velocity of approach is given as 0.5 m/s. Assume coefficient of
discharge as 0.6.

b) Find the discharge over a triangular notch of angle 60º, when the head over the v-notch is 7
0.3m. Take coefficient of discharge as 0.62.

11. a) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and density 848.3 kg / m3 flows through a 300mm 7
diameter pipe. If the average velocity of the flow is 1.04 m/s, determine the Reynold's
number and state the type of flow.

b) Define: 6
i) Reynold's number.
ii) Turbulent flow.
iii) Critical velocity.
iv) Viscous flow.

OR

12. a) Define the following dimensionless numbers and state their significance for fluid flow 6
problems:
i) Froude Number
ii) Euler number.
iii) Mach number.

b) What are the various methods of dimensional analysis to obtain a functional relationship 7
between various parameters influencing a physical phenomenon? Explain any one of
them.

*********

NKT/KS/17/7320 3 P.T.O
NKT/KS/17/7320 4
 B.E. (Civil Engineering) Semester Fifth (C.B.S.)
Fluid Mechanics - I
P. Pages : 2 KNT/KW/16/7320
Time : Three Hours *0641* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.
1. a) State Newton's law of viscosity and Draw a Rheological diagram and show thereon: 7
i) Ideal fluid ii) Non-Newtonian fluid
iii) Thixotropic Fluid iv) Ideal plastic
v) Dilatent fluid vi) Ideal solid

b) A body weighing 310 N with a flat surface area of 0.055 m2 slides down a lubricated 7
inclined plane making a angle 250 with the horizontal for the viscosity of 0.1 Pa-S and
body speed of 2 m/sec. Determine the lubricant film thickness.
OR
2. a) A Piston 797 mm diameter and 200 mm long works in a 800 mm diameter cylinder. If the 7
annular space is filled with a lubricating oil of viscosity 0.5 poise, calculate the speed of
piston in vertical position. The axial load including the weight of the piston is 9.81 N.

b) Find surface tension in a soap bubble of 20 mm diameter when the inside pressure is 1.5 7
N/m2 above atmosphere. Derive the expression used for the surface tension.

3. a) Convert a pressure head of 10 m of water into 6

i) Pressure head of carbon tetrachloride of specific gravity 1.6
ii) Pressure head of oil of specific gravity 0.8
iii) Pressure head of mercury.
b) A vertical square plate of size 1 m x 1 m is immersed in water such that its side is parallel 7
to water surface and lies 0.5 m below it. Calculate the magnitude of total pressure and
centre of pressure.
OR
4. a) An open rectangular tank 3.5 m long x 2 m deep x 1.8 m wide contains water to a depth of 6
1.5 m. Find the horizontal acceleration which may be imparted to the tank along its longer
side so that there is no spilling of water from the tank.

b) A rectangular barge is 20 m long, 6 m wide and 3 m deep. When fully loaded, the depth of 7
immersion of the barge is 2 m. The CG of the barge is on the axis of symmetry at the
water surface. Determine the stability conditions of the barge & metacentric height.

5. a) Define stream function and velocity potential. Show that equipotential and streamlines 6
intersect each other orthogonally.

b) If   x(2y 1) , determine the velocity at points (4,5) and (5,6) Also find stream function. 7
OR
6. a) V  (6xt  y 2 z  15)i  (3xy2  t 2  y) j  (2  3ty)k . What is the acceleration of a particle 6
at (3, 2, 4) at time t = 3 Sec. Classify this velocity field as steady or unsteady, uniform or
non-uniform and one, two or three-dimensional?

KNT/KW/16/7320 1 P.T.O
 b) If   x3  y3 , show that the flow is not a potential flow. 7

7. a) Explain. 6
i) Pitot tube ii) Orificemeter

b) A venturimeter with 150 mm inlet diameter & 100 mm throat is used for measuring flow. 7
of oil (S=0.9). Differential gauge shows a reading of 30 cm. Assuming Cd of 0.98,
calculate the discharge flowing through the venturimeter.
OR

8. a) Explain Briefly: 6
i) Impulse Momentum equation for fluid flow.
ii) Kinetic energy correction factor.

b) Derive Bernoulli's theorem from Eulers' equation of motion. A horizontal water pipe of 7
diameter 15 cm converges to 7.5 cm diameter. If the pressure at the two sections are 400
kPa and 150 kPa respectively, calculate the flow rate of water.

9. a) An orifice of diameter 40 mm is provided in a vertical cylindrical tank of radius 550 mm 7

& length 2000 mm. Find the discharge through the orifice. Take Cd=0.63.

b) A vertical cylindrical tank o f diameter 800mm & length 2000mm is provided with an orifice 7
of diameter 110mm. Find the time taken to reduce the head of water from 1500mm to
500mm. Take Cd=0.63
OR

10. a) Determine the discharge through a rectangular notch of length. 2.1 m with the head over 7
the notch as 0.5 m. Determine the discharge through the notch considering velocity of
approach. Cd = 0.64.

b) A weir 36 m long is divided into 12 equal bays by vertical posts, each 60 cm wide. 7
Determine the discharge over the weir if the head over the crest is 1.2 m and velocity of
approach is 2 m/s.

11. a) Explain briefly. 6

1) Laminar and Turbulent flow.
2) Reynold's number and critical velocity.

b) What size of pipe should be installed to carry 5.5 x 10-3 m3/s fo medium oil (Kinematic 7
viscosity 6 x 10-6 m2) under laminar flow conditions?
OR

12. a) Explain Buckingham -  theorem. 6

b) Resistance R due to wind on a tall vertical chimney is dependent upon the density  and 7
viscosity  of air, the wind velocity V, the diameter D and height H of the chimney.
Develop an expression for resistance of the chimney in terms of these quantities.

************

KNT/KW/16/7320 2
 B.E. (Civil Engineering) Fifth Semester (C.B.S.)
Fluid Mechanics - I

P. Pages : 3 TKN/KS/16/7408
Time : Three Hours *0947* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
3. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) State Newton's laws of viscosity. How viscosity will be find out? 4

b) Explain : 4
i) Compressibility. ii) Capillary action.

c) Ten litres of a liquid of specific gravity 1.30 is mixed with a 6 litres of a liquid of specific 5
gravity 0.80. If the bulk of the liquid shrinks by 1.5% on mixing, calculate the fluid
properties.

OR

2. a) Differentiate between: 6
i) Newtonian fluid and Non Newtonian fluid.
ii) Cohesion and adhesion.
iii) Dynamic viscosity & Kinematic viscosity.

b) A rectangular solid block of 1m x 1m that weights 30 N slides down a 30º inclined 7

2
plane. The plane is lubricated by a 5mm thick film of oil of viscosity of 0.04 N  S / m .
Calculate the terminal velocity of the block.

3. a) Prove that the total pressure exerted by a static liquid on an inclined plane submerged 6
surface is same as the force exerted on a vertical plane surface as long as the depth of
centre of gravity of the surface is unaltered.

b) A circular plate of diameter 2 m is submerged in water vertically such that its top surface 7
is 1 m below the free surface of the water. Determine the total pressure force on the plate
and the position of the centre of pressure.

OR

4. a) Discuss metacenter and meta centric height of a floating body. State the position of 6
metacenter, centre of gravity.

b) An ice-berg floats in sea water. If the specific gravity of iceberg and sea water are 0.90 7
and 1.03, respectively, find the percentage of total volume of the iceberg below the sea
water surface.

TKN/KS/16/7408 1 P.T.O
5. a) What does the smoke emitting from a lighted cigarette represent, streamline or path line 4
or streak line? Why?

b) How is the circulation defined? 4

c) Show that the lines of constant stream function and velocity potential must intersect 6
orthogonally.

OR

6. a) Explain the following terms in brief: 4x2

=8
i) Stream function

ii) Velocity potential

iii) Flow nel.

iv) Vorticity.

b) A two dimensional flow field has velocities along the x-direction and y directions given 6
by u  x t and v  2 xyt respectively, where t is time. Find the equation of streamline.
2

7. a) Bernoulli's theorem is based on which principle? Give its statement. Name three devices 5
where Bernoulli's equation is applied.

b) A 300 m long pipe has a slope of 1:100 and tapers from 1.20m diameter at higher end to 8
0.60m diameter at the lower end. It carries water at a rate of 100 lit/sec. Find the average
velocities at the higher and lower end. If the pressure at high end is 150 kN / m2 , Find
the pressure at the low end. Neglect friction.

OR

8. a) Coefficient of discharge of venturimeter is always greater than orifice meter. Why? 5

b) A venturimeter with inlet and throat of 150mm and 75mm resp. is mounted in a vertical 8
pipe carrying water, the flow being upwards. The throat section is 250 mm above the inlet
of the venturimeter. The discharge of the venturimeter is 40 lit/sec. and coefficient of
discharge is 0.96. Calculate

a) The static pressure difference between inlet and throat and

b) The difference in levels of mercury in a vertical u-tube manometer connected

between these points.

9. a) Derive the expression Cd  Cc  C v . 6

b) A swimming pool 15m long and 8m wide holds water to a depth of 2 m. If the water is 7
discharged through a 20cm diameter orifice at the bottom of pool, find the time required
to empty the pool. The coefficient of discharge of the orifice is 0.63.

OR

TKN/KS/16/7408 2
10. a) Explain : 6

i) Cippoletti weir

ii) Velocity of approach.

iii) Error in rectangular weir.

b) In an experiment on a rectangular notch of 0.50m wide, the flow is collected in a 1.0m 7

diameter vertical cylindrical tank. It is found that the depth of water increases by 0.75m
in 20 seconds when the head over the notch is 0.10m. Determine the coefficient of
discharge of the notch.

11. a) Define and give significance of Reynold's number and Froude number. Explain both. 6

b) The size of droplets 'd' produced by a liquid spray nozzle depends upon the nozzle diameter 8
'D', Jet velocity 'v', liquid density '  ' and viscosity '  ', and surface tension '  ' using
Buckingham's  theorem, obtain the dimensionless parameters.

OR

12. a) Explain Reynold's experiment. List out the observations made by Reynolds. 5

b) Differentiate between laminar and Turbulent flow. 3

c) What are repeating variables? How to select these. 6

*********

TKN/KS/16/7408 3 P.T.O
TKN/KS/16/7408 4
 NTK/KW/15 – 7408
Fifth Semester B. E. (Civil) Examination
FLUID MECHANICS I

Time : Three Hours ] [ Max. Marks : 80

N. B. : (1) Four questions carry 13 marks and two

questions carry 14 marks.
(2) Due credit will be given to neatness and
adequate dimensions.
(3) Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
(4) Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with
the help of neat sketches.
(5) Use of Non–programmable calculator is
permited.
(6) Solve all questions. Each question given
choice in the form of (OR).

1. (a) Express the dimensions of dynamic and kinematic

viscosities in terms of– force, length and time,
and explain the effect of temperature on viscosity.
6
(b) A bush of 165 mm length and of 103 mm
internal diameter slides on a vertical column of
100 mm dia., the clearance space being filled
with oil. If a 35.00 N bush mass slides with a
velocity of 1.00 m/sec, determine the dynamic
viscosity of oil. 7
NTK/KW/15 – 7408 Contd.
 OR

(a) Define with neat sketch :—

(i) Piezometer.
(ii) Inverted U–Tube manometer.
(iii) Micromanometer. 6
(b) In a horizontal pipeline carrying oil of specific
gravity 0.85, the pressure difference between two
points is recorded by a manometer. If the
manometer is as per fig. 1, Using air as the
indicating fluid, calculate the pressure difference
when the difference is menisci of oil is 10 cm.

NTK/KW/15 – 7408 2 Contd.

3. (a) Explain Buoyant force and Archemedis principle.
6

(b) Derive the analytical determination of metacentric

height. 7

OR

4. (a) Define with sketch :—

(i) Absolute pressure.

(ii) Gauge pressure.

(iii) Metacentre. 6

(b) The vertices A, B, C, of a triangular lamina lie

0.5 m, 0.75m, and 1.75 m below the free water
surface. If AB = 3.5 m. BC = 2.5m, CA=3m,
find the thrust on one face of the lamina. 7

5. (a) Explain the terms :—

(1) Stream line.

(2) Streak line.

(3) Path line. 5

NTK/KW/15 – 7408 3 Contd.

 (b) What does the smoke emitting from a jet plane
represent, stream line or pathline or streakline ?
Why ? 4

(c) Compare between uniform flow and Non–uniform

flow. 4

OR

6. (a) What is a flow net ? What are its uses ? Give

examples. 6

(b) The velocity potential for a two diamensional

flow field is given by φ = x2–y2. Calculate the
components of velocity and the velocity at (1, 2).
Find also the stream function. 7

7. (a) Starting from steady flow energy equation, show

how Bernoulli's equation for an inviscid
incompressible fluid can be obtained. 6

(b) A 500 m long pipe has a slope of 1 in 100

tapers from 1 m. dia at higher end to 0.5 m.dia
atlower end. It carries an oil of sp.gr. 0.85 at a
rate of 100 lit/s. If the pressure at high end is
250 kN/m2 find the pressure at the lower end.
Neglect friction. 7

NTK/KW/15 – 7408 4 Contd.

 OR

8. (a) Derive on expression for the volumetric flow rate

of a fluid flowing through an orifice meter. Write
the assumptions made for it. 6
(b) A vertical venturimeter measures the flow of oil
of sp.gr. 0.82 and has an entrance dia. of 125
mm while throat dia. 50 mm. There are pressure
gauges at the entrance and at the throat, which
is 50 mm above the entrance. If the Cd=0.97,
find the flow when the pressure difference is
3 kPa. 7

9. (a) Analytically determine the coefficient of velocity

coefficient of discharge and coefficient of
contraction. 6
(b) A swimming pool 15 m long and 8 m wide
holds water to a depth of 3.00 m at one end and
1.5 m at another end. If the water is discharged
through a 20 cm dia. orifice at the deep end of
side, find the time required to empty the pool
(Cd=0.63). 8

NTK/KW/15 – 7408 5 Contd.

 OR

10. (a) Derive the expression for discharge over a

rectangular notch with the consideration of velocity
approach. 6
(b) A 10 m wide and 1 m deep irrigation channel
is equipped with a sharp crested rectangular weir.
The width of the weir is same as that of channel.
If the head above the crest of the weir is 0.3 m.
Find the discharge. Take Cd=0.62. Also find the
discharge with the consideration of velocity of
approach, when the velocity of approach is given
as 0.3 m/sec. 8

11. The pressure rise mp in the impeller of a centrifugal

pump deponds on the impleller diameter D, rotational
speed N, the discharge Q, density r, and viscosity µ.
using Buckingham's π theorem, obtain an expression
for pressure rise. 14

OR

12. Explain any four :—

(i) Reynold's apparatus.

NTK/KW/15 – 7408 6 Contd.

 (ii) Laminar and Turbulent–flows.
(iii) Geometric and kinematic Similarity.
(iv) Raleigh's method of dimentional analysis.
(v) Reynold's number. 3 –12 x 4 = 14

NTK/KW/15 – 7408 7 3650