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Project Report On
POLLINATION
SUBMITTED BY
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
N.S.SANTHOSH KUMAR Mrs.
Namrata Saraf
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that N.S. Santhosh Kumar , Reg.No. ____________
of Class XII Air Force School Coimbatore has done his project on
POLLINATION under the guidance of Mrs. Namrata Saraf during the academic year
2023-2024 in the partial fulfillment of AISSCE Practical Examination conducted by
CBSE.
Signature of Signature of
Internal Examiner External
Signature of
Principal
Date :
DECLARATION
I, N.S. Santhosh Kumar , Reg.No._____________ of class XII
Air Force
School Coimbatore hereby declare that the project
entitled
POLLINATION submitted to Mrs. Namrata Saraf during
the Academic
Year 2023-2024 , is a Bonafide record done by myself for
the partial
fulfillment of AISSCE Practical Examination conducted by
CBSE.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my profound gratitude to all those who directly
or indirectly helped me and supported me throughout the project.
Firstly I am highly indebted to my Biology teacher Mrs. Namrata Saraf
for her guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing
necessary information about the project.
I take this opportunity to thank our Principal P. Rajeshwari for providing
me with this wonderful opportunity to work on this project.
I would also like to thank my parents for their endless support and
encouragement throughout the completion of the project’
I also extend my heartfelt thanks to our lab assistant Mrs.Vineetha and
Mrs.Uma for their cooperation and valuable inputs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• SYNOPSIS
• INTRODUCTION
• PROCESS OF POLLINATION
• TYPES OF POLLINATION
• POLLINATING AGENTS
• POLLEN REWARDS
• IMPORTANCE OF POLLINATION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
Have you ever wondered why bees are attracted to
flowers? Flowers look beautiful and are fragnant, but
there is a reason behind this – flowers actually help
plants to reproduce. Flowering plants have seeds that
carry the genetic information of the parents and develop
into a new plant.
Explore pollination notes provided here to learn about the
process and types of pollination.
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS POLLINATION
• Coconut, palm, maize, grasses and all gymnosperms are the best examples of
wind-pollinated plants.
POLLINATION BY ANIMALS- ZOOPHILY:
• Animals play an important role in plant reproduction. They help in
seed dispersal. When an animal eats the fruit of a plant, they move
to a different location. This movement helps in spreading the seeds
and with this, we get new plants to new locations.
ARTIFICIAL POLLINATION-ANTHROPHOPHILY:
• Artificial pollination is done by human beings. This process is also
called as the Anthrophophily. If there are any difficulties in the
pollination process through abiotic or biotic agents, the artificial
method of pollination is performed by spreading pollen grains over
the female flowers. Hybridization techniques are also used in this
process.
ADVANTAGES OF CROSS POLLINATION:
• The produced seed are good in vigorous and vitality.
• All unisexual plants can reproduce through the process of cross-
pollination.
Anther-stigma synchronization; when the pollen is released, stigma should be ready to receive
it.
The position of or distance between anther and stigma. Both should be close enough for
pollination.
In chasmogamous flowers, anther and stigma are exposed. The exposed reproductive parts
give a chance of cross-pollination in chasmogamous flowers. While in cleistogamous flowers
anther and stigma are not exposed but lie close enough for transfer. Thus, the chances of
cross-pollination in cleistogamous flowers are almost none. In addition, they barely require a
pollinating agent.
GEITONOGAMY:
Geitonogamy is the type of self-pollination where the
transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
takes place between different flowers in the same plant.
Though it seems like cross-pollination and takes place
with the help of pollinators, both the gametes have the
same plant as their origin.
XENOGAMY:
• www.byjus.com
• www.toppr.com
• www.vedantu.com
• www.subscrid.com