Name Date Where do living things come from? Use with textbook pages /4-21. : The Cell Theory The invention of the microscope let scientists discover cells. Over a period of about 200 years, scientists studied cells in great detail. These studies helped scientists develop the cell theory. The cell theory is a set of three statements that explain what living things are made up of and where they come from. Greeting check 1. What i the cell theory? ‘ Statement 1: All living things are made up of one or more cells. This is one of the characteristics of living things. (Refer to page 8 in your textbook.) ¢ Statement 2: All new cells come from pre-existing cells. This is a different way of saying that living things reproduce—another characteristic of living things. (Refer to page 11 in your textbook.) 2. Why do scientists think viruses might be living things? # Statement 3: The cell is the basic unit of life. This means that the cell is the most simple thing that has all the characteristics of living things. If a thing is missing even just one of those characteristics, it is not a cell. © In Your Own Words Highlight the three main ideas of the cell theory. Put each idea in your own words. Viruses—Living, Non-living, or Something Else? A virus is a strand of genetic material encased in a protective coating of protein—a protein coat. A virus has just one of the characteristics of living things: It can reproduce. But, a virus cannot reproduce on its own. It must enter and take over a living cell so that it can reproduce. Most scientists used to think that viruses are not living G tec Fr undestaing : things. This view may be changing. The table outlines why. ‘As you read about viruses, Aafeufend dba uses! Why Scientists’ View of Viruses May Be Changing help you understand what: | What Scientists Have a virus is. Learned Recently About Viruses Comments "New, very large viruses These viruses have more genetic material than other known are discovered, viruses. Some oft has never been seen before in viruses. ‘The new viruses and | Studies suggest that viruses might have been more lke genetic material ae | living cells lng ago in Earth's ancient past. As time passed, studied and compared | viruses might have evolved to become the kinds of things {| with known viruses. | they are today. 10 Topic 12 waProcessing and ‘Analyzing Topic 1.2 Nome Date Cell Theory Use with textbook pages 16-17. 1. Explain what the three parts of the cell theory mean. a) The cell is the basic unit of life. b) Cells come from pre-existing cells. ©) All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Identify the part of the cell theory that explains each of the following statements. The table has been partially completed for you. Statement Part of the Cell Theory ©) | Anerve call by itself salve The cells the basic unit of ite. 1) | Anoreaisa multiclularorgerism ~___[Alllivng things are made up of one or mare cll ©) Abacterium splits nto two new daughter cel Cells come from pre-existing cells 4) | New skin cells are produced through cell division | Poramecum sa single-celled organism. | Distoms are unicellular algae found in the ocean, 9) | A fairy ring mushroom is composed of many cals. I) [A plant cel takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen 1) [Awhite blood cell engulfs bacterium and then digests it, 1) | Cells are often referred to asthe building blocks of ite 1 | Acellis the structural unit of lfe that can perform different | | life functions 1) | Abud grows of the yeast cell and eventually separates to forma new cel we Topic 211Communicating Topic 1.2 Name Date ‘Comparing a Cell to a Virus Use with textbook pages 18-19. 1. Complete the Venn diagram to compare and contrast a cell with a virus. Part of the Venn diagram has been completed for you. Cell Virus + Can reproduce + Can reproduce + Con only reproduce independently + Microscopic inside « host cell 12 Topiet2 meName Date Evaluating Topic 1.2 Are Viruses Alive? Use with textbook pages 18-19. L. Identify which of the following statements provide evidence that viruses are living things and which support that they are non-living particles. Statement Living oF Non-living? «@) | Viruses do not use energy. 1) | Avirus can evolve or change over time, | ©) | Viruses do not produce any waste products. ©) | Viruses can exist in an inactive or dormant state. ©) | Avirus can reproduce only by infecting @ host cell. | Many viruses have the same 400 protein folds as living cells ‘@ | Avirus isa particle with genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, W) | Avirusis dependent on a host cells structures and processes to produce more viral particles ‘| Viruses have the ability to pass on their genetic information to future generations. D_| Viruses do not have the internal structures needed to produce more viruses on their on. 1) | Viruses cannot take in nutrients lke consumers or produce their ‘own food like producers. 1) | Viruses eannot carry out many life processes like digestion, respiration, and circulation. ‘n) | There are no internal activities that occur inside a virus when itis not in contact with a host cel 1) | Some viruses, like the Mimivirus and the Megavirus, may have evolved from a common ancestor that was able to produce its own proteins. na. Topic 2-13Assessment Topic 1.2 1.2 Assessment Match each term on the left with the best description on the right, Each description may be used only once. Term Description 1.___ host. A.inactive : 2.__ bres B.the cell thata vrs infects viruses C thasinstructons to make new viruses 4. dormant D. particles that can cause cold and fus 5.___ protein coat E.outer layer that surrounds the genetic material 6.__geneticmateral F structures on virus that help it attach onto a cell Circle the letter of the best answer for questions 7 10 16. 7. The three statements of the cell theory A. explain how cells interact with other cells. B. are still not considered to be evidence by most scientists. C. are based on a collection of observations made of living cells. D. describe a series of hypotheses made from experiments involving living cells. 8. Which of the following is an example of the statement “all living things are made up of one or more cells”? A. A bacterium is a unicellular organism. B. A plant cell is the smallest living thing. C. A red blood cell carries oxygen around the body. D. A sea star has the ability to regenerate lost body parts. 9. A bud grows off the side of a Hydra and becomes an independent organism when it breaks off from the parent. Which part of the cell theory does this statement describe? A. A cell is the fundamental unit of life. B, New cells come from pre-existing cells. C. Living things are made up of one or more cell. D. This statement does not describe any part of the cell theory. 14 Topic 2 veName Date Assessment Topic 1.2 10. Scientists originally did not think viruses were alive because A. they looked different from a typical cell. B. they believed that viruses could not evolve. C. viruses were too microscopic for them to see. D. they did not have all the characteristics of living things. 11. Which of the following structures do all viruses have in common? A. a fatty coat B. cellular proteins C. genetic material D. a carbohydrate membrane 12. What does a virus depend on for reproducing more viruses? A. energy B. nutrients C. living cells D. other viruses 13, Why are viruses often referred to as parasites? ‘A. They absorb nutrients from a host cell to survive. B. They live on the surface of a host cell to obtain energy. C. They have to infect and use a host cell’s machinery in order to reproduce. D. They require the host cell to carry out their life processes like digestion and respiration. 14, What part of the virus is essential for taking over a host cell? A. tail B, protein coat C. lipid membrane D. genetic material va 1.2 Assessment 15Assessment Topic 1.2 15. Which of the following characteristics do viruses share with living things? A. They can reproduce. B. They take in nutrients, C. They are made of cells. D. They produce waste products. 1 B . Which of the following statements is true of viruses? ‘A. They can use energy from the nutrients that they take in. B, They reproduce in a host cell and have the ability to grow as they multiply in the host cell. C. They do not display any of the characteristics of living things except the ability to reproduce. D. They do not display any of the characteristics of living things, except the ability to produce waste products and respond to environmental stimuli. 17. Complete the following Frayer model diagram for viruses. Definitions Characteristics | Viruses I Examples Non-Examples 16 12 Assessment nan