2.

(Neo)Classicism in English Literature 1700-1744: Literary Principles and Their Influence

The period from 1700 to 1744 in English literature is known as the (Neo)Classical era. It is characterized
by specific literary principles and societal influences that shaped the works of writers like Alexander
Pope, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison, and Richard Steele.

In the 18th century, coffeehouses were literary hubs, and newspapers made authors' ideas more
accessible to the growing ‘public sphere’ of the Enlightenment.
One notable publication of the time was "The Daily Courant," the first daily newspaper, which influenced
similar publications. However, need for copyright protection was growing due to unauthorized copying
and reprinting of literary works. The Stamp Act and subscription publishing were steps taken to protect
authors' rights and boost the literary market.

(Neo)Classicism during this period emphasized clarity, regularity, and good sense. This approach aimed
for elegant simplicity in contrast to the complex late Renaissance literature. They aimed to create works
that a wider audience could understand, blending classical models with an English literary touch.
Central to (Neo)Classical literature was the concept of Nature, representing universal and lasting aspects
of human experience. Writers like Alexander Pope thought that Nature held timeless, universal truths for
everyone, no matter their circumstances. (Neo)Classical writers understood human nature's
commonality and respected individual differences.

One of the key figures of this era, Alexander Pope, notably expressed his ideas in works such as "The Rape
of the Lock." He used satire and humor to reveal the shallowness of London society, blending classical
forms and myths to point out the contradictions in modern life. Mixing classical and modern elements
gave readers a new perspective on their world.
In the (Neo)Classical era, novels emerged, such as Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and "Moll Flanders,"
portraying everyday life and influencing people's stories.
Theater evolved, going from wit to sentimental. Plays like "The Conscious Lovers" and "London
Merchant" shared morals, stirred emotions, and made people think about moral dilemmas.

The (Neo)Classical era emphasized clear, universal literary principles influenced by coffeehouses and the
"public sphere." Writers like Pope, Defoe, Swift, Addison, and Steele were influential. This period left a
lasting impact on literature.