ESE Mains

Satellite Communication
Conventional Questions
Q. A C-band earth station has an antenna with a transmit gain of 54dB. The
transmitter output power is set to 100W at a frequency of 6.100 GHz. The
signal is received by a satellite at a distance of 37500km by an antenna
with a gain of 26dB. The signal is then routed to a transponder with a
noise temperature of 500K, a bandwidth of 36MHz and a gain of 110dB.
(i) Calculate the path loss at 6.1GHz if the wave length is
0.04918m.
(ii) Calculate the power at the output port of the satellite antenna.
(iii) Calculate the carrier power in watts at the transponder
output. (IES-EC-17)(5+5+5M)
Q. The downlink C/N0 ratio in a direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
system is estimated to be 85 dB Hz. The specifications of the
links are: Satellite EIRP = 57 dBW. Downlink carrier frequency =
12.5 GHz. Data rate = 10 Mbps Required Eb/N0 at the receiving
earth terminal = 10dB Distance of the satellite from the receiving
earth terminal = 41,000 km. Calculate the minimum diameter of
the dish antenna needed to provide a satisfactory TV reception,
assuming that the dish has an efficiency of 55 per cent and it is
located alongside the home where the temperature is 310K. For
this calculation, assume that the operation of the DBS system is
essentially downlink limited.
(IES-EC-18) (20 M)
Q. A mobile network transmits data having bandwidth of 200 Hz
using a carrier frequency of 800 MHz. If the maximum speed of a
vehicle is 120 km/hr, calculate the bandwidth and the cut-off
frequencies of the filter at the receiver input.
(IES-EC-19)(10 M)
Q. An analog cellular system has a total of 33 MHz of bandwidth and
uses two 25kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and
control channels. What is the number of channels available per
cell for a frequency reuse factor of 4 cells ? If 1 MHz is dedicated
to a control channel then how many voice channels will be
available for reuse factor of 4 cells.
(IES-EC-19)(10 M)
 𝐶
Q. (i) Calculate the degradation in the downlink ratio when
𝐼

orbital spacing between the satellites is reduced from 5 to 2,

all the other factors remaining unchanged.
Assume antenna characteristics as per Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) norms.
(IES-EC-19)(10 M)
(ii) A low noise amplifier is connected to a receiver which has a
noise figure of 12 dB. The power gain of the low noise
amplifier is 1000 and its noise temperature referred to the low
noise amplifier input.
(IES-EC-19)(10 M)
Q. Consider the GPS receiver system given below. The guaranteed
minimum L1(1575 MHz) carrier power received by an antenna on
Earth having a gain of 0 dBi is Si = - 160 dBW. A GPS receiver is
usually specified as requiring a minimum carrier to noise ratio,
relative to a 1 Hz BW, of C/N (Hz). If the receiver antenna
actually has a gain GA, and a noise temperature TA, derive an
expression for the maximum allowable amplifier noise figure, F,
assuming an amplifier gain, G, and a connecting line loss, L.
Evaluate this expression for C/N= 32 dB-Hz, GA = 5 dB, TA = 300
K, G = 10dB and L = 25 dB.
 ESE Mains
Microwave Communication
Conventional Questions
Q. A cellular communication network, for a medium size city, uses a
transmitting and receiving antennas of heights 30meters and 4
meters respectively. If the separation between two antennas is
10km and carrier frequency is 1000MHz, compute the path loss
and antenna height correction factor.
(IES-EC-17)(20 M)
Q. For a microwave link, define all the components contributing to
system gain. Determine system gain for a microwave link
operating at 1.8GHz carrier frequency. Each station has a 2.4 m
diameter parabolic antenna fed by 100m of airfilled coaxial cable.
The distance between stations is 40km. A reliability objective of
99.99% is desired. The terrain is smooth and climate is humid.
Assume feeder loss = 10.8 dB, branching loss = 4dB and gain of
each antenna = 31.2 dB.
(IES-EC-18) (10 M)
 ESE Mains
Optical Communication
Conventional Questions
Q. An optical fiber system employs an LED transmitter which
launches an average of 300W of optical power at a wave length
of 0.8m into the optical cable. The cable has an overall
attenuation of 4dB/Km. The APD receiver requires 1200 incident
photons in order to register a binary 1 with a BER of 10–10 .
Determine the maximum distance (with out repeaters) provided
by the system when the transmission rate is 1 Mbps.
(IES-EC-17)(10 M)
Q. An Engineer wishes to make a silicacore, step index fiber with V
= 75 and a numerical aperture NA = 0.30 to be used at 1300nm.
If n1 = 1.458, what should be the core size and cladding index?
(IES-EC-17)(10 M)
Q. Consider an optical link consisting of a 5Km long step-index fiber
with core index n1= 1.49 and relative index difference 1%
(i) Find the delay difference at the fiber end between the slowest
and fastest modes.
(ii) Find the rms pulse broadening caused by inter model
dispersion
(iii) Calculate the maximum bit rate BT that can be transmitted
over the fiber without significant errors.
(IES-EC-17)(20 M)
Q. Define different types of losses encountered while setting up a
fibre-optic link. Determine optical power received in optical fibre
link with following specifications:
Link length = 20 km
LED output power = 30 mW
Optical cable loss = 0.5 dB/km
Source to fibre interface loss = 2.9 dB
Fibre to detector loss = 2.1 dB
(IES-EC-18)(10 M)
Q. (i) With proper schematic, show the launch and propagation of
light in optical fibre. Discuss the Relationship between and
numerical aperture.
(IES-EC-18)(10 M)
(ii) The active region of a 1.3 m Fabri-Perot InGaAsP laser is
L = 250m, internal loss coefficient int = 30cm–1, mode
refractive index  = 3.3, the confinement factor a = 0.4.
Neglect the material dispersion. Find the material gain, gm,
required for the laser to reach threshold. Find the distance VL
between FP cavity modes.
(IES-EC-18) (10 M)
Q. A graded index fiber has a characteristics refractive index profile
of 1.85 and a core diameter of 60m. Compute the insertion loss
due to a 5m lateral offset at an index matched fiber joint
assuming the uniform illumination of all guided modes.
(IES-EC-19)(10 M)
Q. Describe the mechanism of intermodal dispersion in a multimode
step index fiber. Show that the total broadening of a light pulse
T, due to intermodal dispersion in a multimode step index fiber
may be given as:

L(NA)2
Ts 
2n1 C

Where L is the fiber length, NA is the numerical aperture of the

fiber, n1 is the core refractive index and C is the velocity of light is
a vacuum.
(IES-EC-19)(5 + 15 M)
Q. Explain the following terms
(i) Modal Birefringence
(ii) Coherence Length
(iii) Beat Length
The difference between the propagation constants for the two
orthogonal modes in the single mode fiber is 250. It is
illuminated with light of peak wavelength 1.55 m from an
injection laser source with a spectral width of 0.8 nm. Calculate
Modal Birefringence, Coherence Length and Beat Length.
(IES-EC-20)(10 M)
Q. Write the expression for signal to noise ratio for PIN diode. A
silicon PIN photodiode incorporated into the optical receiver has
a quantum efficiency of 65% when operating at wavelength of 0.9
M. The dark current at this point is 3 nA and load resistance is 4
k. The post detection bandwidth of the receiver is 5MHz and the
thermal noise temperature is 20oC. If the overall signal to noise
ratio is 5dB, calculate the incident power.
(IES-EC-20)(20 M)
Q. Two multimode step index fibers have Numerical Aperture of 0.2
and 0.4 respectively. Both fibers have 1.48 as their refractive
index of core. Calculate the insertion loss at a joint in each fiber
caused due to 5o angular misalignment of axes of fiber core.
Medium between fibers is air.
(IES-EC-21)(20 M)
Q. A continuous 12 km long optical fiber link has a loss of
R. 1.5 dB/km.
(i) What is the minimum optical power level that must be
launched into the fiber to maintain an optical power level of
0.3 W at the receiving end ?
(IES-EC-22)(10 M)
(ii) What will be the input power required, if the fiber link is
increased by 100% and fiber loss is reduced to 1 dB/km?
(IES-EC-22)(10 M)