4) itt 5 <3 rg Ont HT AHS Ay ras, fer che ce waTPT oyy aifseraT aa, fe wa ae ae ART AT CRAIC STENT | FAI SRA! BAS A aahay Beat OPA ATG ator, TORT Re afoot) SE UT BIT aR UIT ce Aa, freA egy Ry, Ts Fae teea AEA et | fw yEMLET ACT TT FACS FA] WT WS COT AOR afolra, ant Batra a wa CORA Cae FMA, Bed etre AAAI AEM alr see SIAT-Aral GSMA, OTC HTAT FT |ere “o eftag Frere ay, CE e SE athe erm TTS TOTTSiee, WIRE ee sTfifSeE ATT FS | AOR FET SRT CAPT WAT Her aA AMAT Fa AG VTS eft) Samay afe ceo ari-a fey saat empaet bh FAOPORAT SITAR ercarershs sNSfose AMT aac Cort aT GREAT BAI IPE "AS eho rey corerbreT TAT eae RT SRC MMP ATT AT TT wae Seneca “Retcrtt ge” cena OE PE eT TA WaT orpet Drreecnce FRET Vocr Vargas Tal VAR! AAG FAW cae meer varia De area Ararat efel Bhat acme STS OTe TT FSET FCT Fat ANT viet FefeRMTE ORT feafmTMeTATA Fore TE sateprce Ride eapyt at @ TANT | GET CHOY ETA ST BTTATSES He Cap aT Fm aera orayer Far RTA | ACR Ure FORTH LS ART MCQ © Written Bex «avast ey] OTET WIR, HACCN FCAT MCQ & Written arrefB aracersy 1 rarer HHT SReAA Bra camifog ATER COS acy at commons ahr SESS ALIS WI Segoe effets oreo POT mice sab ATTN eat AGT COTTA TATMETES Sah S WH FACS ASA | CRY Praag CS Aa ego eels FAT AAT Cray a Bios Tare aMfes PTT aCe TATA owpys Bert wae xe GOS A COTTA ROT MOAT ATH ACA FS TRA eNpOTAT COTATEAA eee ar aay OS oHpT Heroes Geis sat fret | AAI MCQ ¢ Written STAB raCeTTOTA FACT TCA SHETS HCA FATS ATRIA FACT | Come CY eaforw SAAB MrRre ICT APTA AeA STMT AP Fer | COTTA Fa Gy SST | ashe4d) @ifahse jE EIR GES Be) “SPURT OH Ag tert Ge” COATS CPS CRS FT AAT AAT CMSA AACS D1 ©, Heater ile Pree arena Aye 21 -B, MEY ons OST As ae Ol AGS Pas wz hr i ¥ ETCORKE ¥ softer (ca BrerH, ORAL, HE) seh*B FETA 2020 ° BAT-0} + AAC PITT 03-20 PR AGH-o8 : Cet FT 29-d0¢ UGH-o9 : MIS TTT ( YOb-dUe AGPT-08 : OY WITT Cc WEA CBB o> ddR-DdB FET G- 0 d89-d90 FUE (B75- 08 ddd-R00 («+ } WOE (BFG- 08 3d8-2pb arate, oR) afMs RTC Ca RRR CTS TTR SE ACA MPT AD a wT UTE GSMA STAR THEY ETE at RT REARS 6 SATETTT + TCT SIMON, DMs WITTE CSTR ag TH (a) Set: 2109 (OF eee ca oA RUTH C8 HEE eH) 3 x10* x10 's mr = —= om? /mL/ ec x10? 10" 10S (cath er Te A IT AUTH EM FETS EH) 4m? = 10°L = 10°dm? = 106mL ; 1mL = 1¢cc = tom? ; 11 = 1dm? (b) DIM: Latm = 76.0 cm (Hg) = 760 mm (Hg) = 101.325 k Pa = 101.325 x 10°Pa = 760 torr = 1 bar (o) BMTM: T = t+ 273; t= °C @ CT T = cS IAAT + Ta “fea Cerra AM Ora CHICA ICT SHIGA 2 shies Bor eee dices TeMoe I” fr fr rma re AB were TOT TTR “Vee Ta Boa IS OP? AT OA ACACIA, [JnU?16-17, CU’16-17, RU’09-10, RU’07-08] 8 VK, GRIT KRM AMM ME | PV = Koren (1) ade fer errsene AS wea cata trae ®) “Sr A ET FTE | Y {JnU718-19, DU*11-12](Dv'21-23) Se fea: PVs Pt ore fa: PY SATE Ve Ue Soe area PA ear Vt eraTe aR y SR SHAT PV THUR CSOT OTF Ae RS] 08%, PV = RT, V = 2.nRT 3, y=x.m MES EB GC.) TR ERT AT TCR TTT (0) TEN A OR TAA, m= ADT = RT CRG AAT a ATH CaM, CHR OT GST ATGT A> hat Y Y Ts Ts z=-—n z % t H—1 t 1 —— x —7 x fom: PV FAP ON ; we, T; > T, > T, ‘fom: PV TAM V OF ; GAIT, Ty > T, > Ty boo area P eat V ere ate y Se aT PY ete BORER ae ee KA] + tora: FR OTe FARTB SRF core TTC TOR ef FEE cnOCaNS wren aR aT ATCA AT UAT AERA aPC AT crams (0°C) rer STMCCAR Fret wee BPE Mt i Ft co FARR wo FAP A STAT O°C REC OP AIT Vo V, BT ee TRA Y=Vo(1+35 fa (FEES) ona ne (2) 7a rm TE OT etc TT AAAS cree fit CHICAT MHICTA WIPTATaT O°C WS -273°C AAA SAAT, v, (7) =o. @) wre, —273°C ATA TOA TSA MT RH ME CHOTA OE AT Ol TAT TT BR = 273°C TATA AINA ATOR ATA ATIC AAS EA AH IRE TNT CANTATA RE TH asia Tae ofits eI ea AA HATTA cH TART CHCA TT ACCA FAG WD TS CRI COTA NTR TER AT “UN DICE FAH APU VIA! (absolute zero temperature) AT! ater aVptea tae Ma Me MMe H&) Ee, Ve = Voges op ara a, a Hy 2 Vear: a Be Bs ares f= ee (0 9 VERT Vex T RT fs a [cu'20-21] [pu'2-23} # Py *) pyoper, Ps) vf», 4 foo 1 er eet Py tT x x eae *CRE SC =o ‘TA 2a + STRUT rea cw: ARIAT STAT Seg, — 273°C MTT AT A ae MTT eA FSET ATRIA 1°C aH ARTA A TOA CM TEA BH AT TCH A STAT CH A TATA MT CH ATT corer arercas bret ar ree: ga bree STETAH (V) FRMAtCw terra (t) core GTRITAT AAT 1 Py °C P) V = Kn; [V = TO SNE, n = AS CAAT) © OEIC ea Em (at CaCATa BTR AM): @ vam: Poe T [T ram wera] apaz a \ \ t ZC tT f— AEHA SAOBCH ATENASAT TATA isochore IC Gi) TPLOTET ACAI: ccaeficas sina onan ay orams Fafdeat ara Beet sida sea See fies Crea @ DI (>) Afters OPTIC af RFR TCR BCH eeAD HTH SLATS THT AUTH (2) Been evra efit TAL aH wea A Fates o Bemrera STA ALGS AAT TYAS THT ANC | CRS eH RTs wf aT eat: cm “SUHCRA FL ATE, PV, = PeVo [RAAT fa | DAT IM ATS, F* = Fe [aN P AR] on ePIC RATE, © 3 pe V fig) verre 7, = FE pep, v, Tee eA) AUHUrTA AACS, V oc Hee nT Aa aC 5 MTA IMACS, V oc TH, P A SICOTCATCET FA ATE, Vc n TAA P, T A 9 Fea a aS Wea aE, Tn, P, T REAR afta V oc at, PV = mRT [RU'21-22, 20-21] ce Beem as cores TH Ae TC A CRT TCA CHE, A AY SA TT TA ATT ATP AA Ri PVjy = RT [N,V = NA TEA = 1 mol TAR AERC TEA CHA STON TA] Cs. - ay‘ave ura Rea PV = aR eR ASAI AE A AEA TE ART SCRE CICA TER CR TR TH OA SOTA CT AT AAT ATA + Ra ESP x Vx locks oi x men x tS x Ed = See = IS (ATH) ca emg 2 CE TR A,B et a aT TET Ne CRM TCS TONE TO a es 8 AE STRAT PT LER GT oR TTR aa Btw wes Fo RSH aece R wea ore @ Lite atm ac =: R= 0.0821 Latm.mol"k-! | 1eal = 4.2 Joule Gi) SLE :R= 8314) mol-K-1 1 Joule = 0.24 cal Gi) CGS aarce R= 8.32% 10 ergmoltK-1_ | 1¢¢= mL = 1cm? Gv) Calorie rere 987 cal mol~*K-2 1000 i spfuet | Standard Temperature and | Standard Ambient Temperature | — Normal Temperature and Pressure and Pressure Pressure aera OCW K 25°C 1298 K 20°C 91293 K ort 1 atm 3 101.325 Kpa 0.987 atm 3 100 kPa Vatm #1 101.325 Kpa 24,789 mol 22.414 mol i SHI 4 L mol en 24.04 L mol ‘SU CFTR, J atm = 101325 Pa = 101.325 KPa = 101325 Nm~? = Example-01. oe rf H1GTH BT PV FANN L/P crea are ea (@) CORTE ETAT ©) Shige © SCH aTSa ETT © erga are Sol: (¢); PV = nRT; PV, 2 waa Bora Psa ae ‘Example-02. SATP CS 1H CAPA OTTO FS TT? 760 mmHg = 76 cmHg = 1.01325 bar [JU"19-20] (DU"21-22} (Ans: ¢} [JU°21-22], @224L (0) 24.4L. (©) 24.789 L (24141 Example-03, 101s TiCQa Gora CITA SIT HAST ATS Cs OMT BAA? {Ans: aj [JU721-22) Oi (b) orape ©xar @ sIRReR Example-04. 251 Girraat @ Broo A sploFA HAG 29 kgm=2 Wet 17 COMMAS TRAE SS RA? — [JU2I-22] (a) 27.3 kgm=> (0) 493 kgm-3 (©) 17 kgm (d) 46 kgm-3 Sol: (a); d,T, = dT, = d, = et a= 27.3 kgm Example-05. of 3 L SHOUT GA NER Dts Te WITT et Fa VI, OLA Se SHEA AS ‘L&ta?(RU'21-22) (@2 3 6 @w Sort: (by; 44 = “et‘Example-06, SUITS AI SLES ALA CO, TY CRT CAEN TCA Beat {RU'21-22] (@) PV =3RT (b) 2PV = RT (©) PV =2RT (d) PV = 4RT sar (Pv = at (n= = =tmote) on = RT = 2PV=RT Example-07. 14g Nz "OI7S OU ites rae ort Toa tra? {RU"20-21] (@ PV=nRT @Ppys= c@S=rr (@) PV=RT Sol*: (b); n ;PV=nkT=3RT \ Example-08. 84 CAR BAT CHAGAS aH? {CU'20-21} @PV=K @y=K of-2 @V=Ky \ Sol Oi, V= Kis Via K AG, of aber, 2= Kk Example-09. STP 63.2 g GeO SPT 2.24 L OTE Ha aC TAS Rw {JU"19-20] (@co () Coz (ON (0 Sol*: (d); STP CS 2.24L GGA WAH SH 3.2 g + STPS 2241 SIE Wen wea = (PAE) — 32g 232g Bisa HPT = 0, Example-10, 4% 1 atm GFF 7A [Ans: d] [JU719-20] (a) 760 x 10°mm(Hg) (0) 7.6 x 10'cm(Hg) (eA @aeptert Example-11. TAR A GME SRST ae? {Ans:a] [JnU'16-17, CU'16-17 RU’09-10, RU?07-08] Oa (aH a ort Ory Example-12. SSPOTER 7 AG? (JU"15-16] _ @)P «Ty (Vin ea) Oves@ris) ©@VaT aris) @Vven, erie) Sol": (Gd); V oc n (P, T fags) rat, Fes ereTaTA e OTe rat PAPE THT TTT TATA HME SY TCT Example-13. cara crete fer bree Dora Ha ree RFS AAZ [Ans: a] [DU’14-15] @2 olf AX «| MI TK TK TK TK Example-14, Fos rafbarrae FRE Orem eS PAB wea HEM TT ATTA ite Aa OIC AE HATTA REI HA CTAPBAE CTR? [pu] @?| \ © | | o™ @ [4] Vv WwW P Vv Sol*s (a); TCHCATA HATTA, PV = era WIR (A) creda TOR! Example-15, 13°C Sorrel FAME ca eB ar HT TE fies et Fees at wT Ak ST STE TTA AT ae? [DU'08-09] (75% (&) 299°C (© 13" (26°C Sol: (b); OTR WTR, Ty = 13°C = (273 +13) K= 286 K 2m = ext = 2h = 2x 286 = 572K = (872 — 273)°C = 299°C4 709-10, RU*08-09, Example-16. Fiat GORD caTATa SPT TER! aa AS ATT AN? [3U°09-10, RU’09-10, RU’08-09, 06.97) (o) FABRE TARO BI aH R = 0.082 Latm. “Amol? (b) a TR AFF R= 0514 [Kt = (©) PHAR a aa R = 8.32 )K-2mol-* (@ Brea aes R = 1.987 Cal K-!mol Solr: (¢)s OCH ATR HIS FY CGS AM aH MTT AT CGS AH R HAM 8.32 x 10” ergk-*mol-* | Example-17. $011 CRM V SHIH P, V FATA P~? eae PV AAP P ATH ACATR (isothermal) TAPE IAA FA [JnU"18-19, ay aa a Bxample-18. 35°C ttarana 99,99KPa Bren carer PAAR wea STE ER 40cm? 1 Fer CITT TR a SS0cm* eiftais ac we ea aA HOTS A? Solt: It, P, = ttefire bt = 99.99 kPa Ve = GIR SINTER = 550 cm? = 550 mL Vi = eters erre7 = 400 cm? = 400 mL Pp = OTE DI =? “asa S DICH APT =P —P, = (99.9 72,7) kPa = 27.2 kPa Example-19, 120 kPa DI FOE MACIPTR MOTE GTTER 10m? | 150 kPa BI TAPTE BHT TER 9 mts ARITA SITTER 5? Sol*s Wa Sf, STACITOCRTA STREA * + PV, = PV = 120(10 - x) = = 40 ~ 4x = 45 — 5x Sx— 4x = 45 —40 x Example-20. 1m3H, STOR wrerarat 17°C: fea Brest sae AeEBS CH TTR 0.4m? Far eer paioa Crea Fe afar ea? Sol: V, = 1m?} T, = 17 +273 = 290K; V, = 0.4m? gare, Fem TE r= YET § S000 _ 9090 = 4 29 facs0— ay) Ka (120-4) K=116K + BporaTeIA HAEA = (290 116)K = 174K (Ans.) Example-21. 27°C Bomar 20L SOA aa PPE 4.08 H © 84.0g Ne ANTS Pree ag ET eO? Sol: GRRNAAA TAT, ny, = += 2mol ROA aT he, my, = 2 (2210) kPa = 7.27 x 10kPa = 72.7 kha 3mol ER CAS TARR GT FRAT, n = (ny, + my,) = (2 +3) = Smol Sane str aha cae 18, PV = nRT = (ny, + ny,)RT » p= Heaton eT = 282° atm = 75R atm Example-22. 27°C S*MTall 6 100 kPa DRY 0.01 kg He “NICH SSA 0,02m? Br eee Orem 200 kPa BIt% He CTS TAY FE? Sol": G2, P, = 100 kPa P, = 200kPa; (overs fgg) 60 5 200 gry 300 =NA \ ‘FIA 37 a : DORT-0D TIAA TT FR, CPO TPH BT FT A TAY ARTS NSS AAPA i} Concept save | PaaiNm? m3 kgmol fea 8.314 JK'molt Latm oe atm Latdms gemoLt gli atgdm? | 0.0821 LatmmolK+ By weber oie Bre i fae rors rare FRAME coarcot FaHAB cara TT Fetes Ca Bret Frere Bow Bor ee Teh BILA COUPES FATA” | (i) A.6 BRAG sire Retest aera CTT AAT VATA ng np VA, AA AT BACH, Xp = Baa GH SYM, Xp [3715-16] i) Fga orerarare rrmmen FRFGERTEA A, B, C Renfro Herre IB Biel P ae aT STPAE BT AARETA Pa, Po, Pe ‘Rony WA, P= Pat Po + Po | Pa =Xa.P [MGS Bt = ONE BIT x CTT Sate] {RU*21-22, 19-20) ii) FHAAE reraTA A FRASER A, B, C APTOCTES Va, Vo, Ve STAETAA AC Pa, Po, Pe DIC ANT RM, AS: | TATE FHS ACT |B wre AHP BA VLA, (%) P(Vat Ve + Ve) = PaVa + PaVe + PcVc SAR MOAATH V SITET men FARE ACM, (=) PV = Pan + Pan + PeVe [ho acHeT 8 GROTH BIE PIA AH FE (JU'09-10] STO TT FE DING TATA CTA TTC TT BIA TA TARE (M) a aA TMA”. TA A, eR OIA ve Bret AS STC SH I BTAT SC eo TC TMT ea SETS Vera re Seam ATCT —— axon, _ JW 1 RAN Spsmorers ~ Yi, i YS ope Ss & n i Mae ty wean Tastes | WayPosteme BROT HET f (DU'21-22, JU'21-22, KU'19-20, RU'17-18] ‘sea (7) fet (@ Problems) Example-23. FICOA GHA CHA TT AAR A? (DU"22-23] @) S°C- 6 FEA TATAT (b) 35°C 8 FH NEATHTRS (sR (035°C 9 FR Sor: (4), PR RAT eee, AT SIMA GS FHC TM AA ATE | Example-24. PRTC TTR AHMAR AIA TCA GA OTT MCA RIAA w 1 SHPO SIR SH TE? (DU"21-22] | (@ 128g/mol (b) 72g/mol (©) 32¢/mol (@) 180 g/mol 2 | 2 (22) Mug X My, = 6 X2= 36x 2=72 ty _ [Me Sor: (by; feExample-25. CH sot catgra amy a MTA? (@) CO, & NO, (®) CO, & N20 (©CO&N20 (d)Nz0 &NOz Sol: (b); CO, 44 NO, 46 N20. 44 co 28 SRI eT . FarETA, em a ae . ‘Fare era: TT SI wa aT, ELT RI AA TR, IM I « qi M= SIRS eA C0, ea SIAIRE EH = 44; NO aR CMG eH = 44 Example-26. era Ica Ace ATE RE? [Ans: b] [JU'21-22] @Owe () RRS oH Oates ea — (a) ares Sr Example-27. 1 atm Dito eB SIT ste He 0, 1:4 HAMS CR Op a AAT BI FT? [RU? 21-22) (@) 0.8 x 105 atm (b) 0.008 Nm=? (©)8x 10*Nm= (@) 0.25 atm Sol: (©); Fos = Xo, X Peta = Fox = (4) x atm = 0.8 atm = 0.8 x 105 Nm“ = 8 x 104 Nm~ Example-28, a STs oDrora MA Ba SOTA TTT IM AIA 2.92 Oo RE UPHAM ST a7 [KU'19-20) (0.17 050 ©1399 (@ 582 P:(Q;t= Poe f(t) me 1m ve su (osit= fit =aatn= f= Gi) ==) -Motathe m= 2=199 Example-29. 48 74 A et 7.0 CHT tae 9 B 3.0 Car Fret a eer Areca Ca BtoB 760 mm Hg ea ASIST UR BI FS BA? [RU'1920] (@) 512mm Hg (&)522 mmHg (©) 532mm Hg (@) 542mm Hg Sol: (6); Pq = 525 x 760 mmbg = x 760 mmHg = (7 x 76)mmHlg = $32 mmHg Example-30. 42 1818ica or HPD AMS aw Of HAH ATC? (g0'16-17| (@) S03 (Co, (Hel (NH, Sol": (a); SO. a Heth Ga SIATTAA CCF CAA Example-31, Ciel Fick 100g Rent caer STR 8 SOg ofa CR, Ges Rees SITACRTETHTA CHIT EU we? (0.375 () 0.625 (©) 0.466 (0534 [JU"15-16) (a); RCAC RT ATTACH ALPS (CHy),CHOH 4 GUO Ba = (12 +3 x1) x2+12+18 = 60 a Example-32, 91 ca SHER 500 mL 1 406 100 cm Hg BIC Cl, HP ICR Rey Rea eres Bo rea Wa GAB 80 cm Hg BIC Nz SFE 1000 mL wren FAME ent tee Ie ICR HF et Fea AS Breet cm Hace van Fear carat? {0709-10 (0) 68.68 (&) 86.67 (©) 67.86 (7686 Sol"; (b); STAT EM, PV = PV + ae ae Pe Soo. erioon asohieo 48% 100 = OB666 x 100 = 96.67 cme Example-33. 10 fata ca Ca FATA 2m? AE SAAT =, Gorm 2 fe fron afte BT erate KA? Freer oreeter wg 16] oie| Example-34. RB SITET FOE 0, TS AS LOsec AAW ACT MAR MSE STE AN STTSTAA 50% STAT SPT FafSte 0, ATMAFE RE 20sec wa TEN ENA SHH Te wa FAN ea tn is oy? sol: SBS = [ee <5 32x (F)! = May = 32x (2)? = Maye E+ 16 = 32x 4 = My = (32x 4X 2— 32) = 32(8- 1) = 32x 7 = 224 Example-38, 1dm? Steta qaBr Mea 100 kPa HT SOcm* Np,80 kPa LA BOcm? CH, GAL 60 kPa TN 100 cm? Hz FAS aT ReTT) Ld? trem FRETS TCA TAR OI @ COTA sR Tee OI MTT! Sol: fei Nz, CHa @ He SOPH sia SHS DI WERTH Py,, Pou, @ Pu, are FTTH TT I ‘TRE Vw.» Ven, & Vn, GRP’, Pron, SP’, i =32x4 a9, Fy, X Va = P'n, XV, Va = Fife sorera cad SIHER = 1m? = 1000c., = Py, = HAV = ORS = SkPa 0x00 / PegtVen 8 Pen, x Ve = Pron, x Ven, = Pon, = St = SO = 6.4 kPa ha eV Oy, = EE = SES = kPa. GHBUIN= Fy, + Rey, +A, =S+ 64+ 6= 174 KPa AT ATA FP TTA 8S BIC TT RPTL CAA TA IE, DAGTS RL, SITET FAAS CTH BU, Se HT ST A RC ICE HRSA TT AT TMT BIL ACT, AH, SHSM FG CALA DOT AT ATLA A He STEN ‘Fae TRL AT MTA SET ANC | ATR APPR STAT HL ST PT AAR PV = ART RABAT 4 Te nPPRTEE ot Sra cae Repo: ‘aOTaTsT ae: 1880 FABrcer FRAT TAT FAR TCA wre fs wretaiarH P sa ReiAtcw PV wa corebaa Sica eR & TH, STH TOT A EAS CL FATS A ATR HT PV TAT PTAC STATON RIE AT STATON rt TT 200 400 600 —~800 1000 P (Air pressure) —+ ‘Ba: SAT aa: 0° Treat ate FER TET STHTETA PefeCE sIFeS PY aA P oTeER 4 SONI aaeH Gore wrest PETE: “wots ager aC HL, He, Ne erBA mre ater ofA TS RO AC a TAN PAR ATR CHA STTRAB Oz, Nz» COz UE SHR HA MAT TTA YH HAO; Nz Cy SAE ANA IPF Hy, He, Ne SEAS ACTA SICH EH Bl Ae ore THE a, Fem ere TC exon Bora aH ae wl Goa FEA TCA Ca sora ae SH APM, FE STRAT 8 DIC OF SOTA ITH ia wee Fess SS AM [DU'LS-16, 10-11]STOATTET ONE AT AERTON OAT: nH TM TOA CR ATTA WE PV = RT RRR ATE HH ST TAR ARR CHCA BORA CR ATES TCE CH, PV 4 RT PV =ZoRT 2 2 = > Fafor arera opr avi ast cece FRFEMETEA FARIS BT > Rpm eras (Z> 1) were (Zz < 1) EE oN [cu Hz, He, Na} [er: C0,,0,2en%] > 21 snr npr rr fi crmacant aay sis fee AA > Z> Lenn rm Score aH rE ae CS ea ANT «SRG sare iter: STS ST STERN CK MATT GAT AL STMT SAT MAA a ETE, AT TM TTA MC ee cace ae (P-+=2) (y—nb) = nev [RU’07-08) SSS, B= L mol DE RTE RCA TIT ; a = STROH SMP AH STRLTARS THE AN = CTT ‘a FT ORE: SITET SHIT TF a AH AT A RA APH IOLA ACA A SPE ICR NTA AG BT FH ST PICS wae at Re A [SUST"19-20) bY RES IRE: AT A, b =H Ny x er UHR et aT A A “bP TAPS A RT HR Fe SHOR CRIB EH (V — b) SH CAT ER ACTOR CH AT as baa are fr ‘area eS TTR cee a tI HC a? CRE TEN Ca at EAE, LE RT S2 aa Gee atm + a ee eee atm mol? Be aa ST, nb ae TET OTET « nb aT ETE L 6 TS TPPRCER oI Stbat ota ware 1S: ‘re caret errcra earn store Pca CAPM eter exCaTERA © ROT Sart SR Ta (i) TEAS SBR TTY (iil) Bo oie 9 comets CIO @ Favre Gi) Bo werner ares 0 orrfere mat eH [DU°16-17, 07-08, CU°14-15, RU’07-08) wat, Phy t (Ved); TTVt (eT). PLaTiovir So, SHEAR RE HH A, STATA NS AAA HCH ATE TTT HORE wma ee AT + DH ats: mera erage CoAT perc Be wre cae a Re ce ROTA Se Ee ORT eT TTB eT BP ART a MOAT RATA FETA FICT MARAT | + aff oreraan: [3U°14-15, 09-10 , RU*09-10] Scere ver re FAA rer CR, AL SIMA SA TPA MARLO So AUST Ot Stem CE A i, MUS AA HMA A ATTA LATA BT MMS aT AK aT aD lsat ace CURR: CO, sitora Af WleraTAT 31.1°C 1 He 268 t Se] (6 L mol“* 2.26 Hy =240 Rs cz 311 72.9 9 ge ore smroraafteas: PV = nRT ‘ares sorora afieaet: (P +52) (V —nb) = nT ja 4 Gee: atl? mol? ; bee EE: L moltSO MERC] Example-36. H2,02,Nz2,CH, 42 NH; “Hid “fecal AUPE: (a) A WA Ae 0.24, 1.36,1.39,2.25 aae 4.17 atms L? mol”? Bem CHR ANTARC RC SAAT FAT UIA? [SUST"19-20] (@) 0, () Hy (C) No (@) CHy (©) NH; Solt: (¢); FTF a 64 WH WS Ror TH TOTAAL Ae THM AH AM AW A a AEN TTS PICS ‘walters at TRH A ‘SATA 3H A : TITT-OD Example-37. f6 orga Mert eepmea Ficwa carat ade? [Ans: b] wursa7| (mer RENAE Fam Verna AEN Gi) "hers Bae AEH Ores RTT ii) STE BE LR AE AT @isit Wisi (ii ¢iii Example-38.& SaaS TTT SNM PH Ara SPA BA? (DU'16-17,CU'14-15} (@) Low temperature and high pressure (b) High temperature and low pressure (©) Absolute zero temperature (@ High pressure Sol (b)5 SOSTTATR 6 FADIA TEETH THE HLH MT, aT TT ST A TR A Example-39, 874 91 Groat cece fap fsa ary eA? [DU"15-16] @ Hz < Nz < CO, < NH, (0) Hz < Nz NH > Hz > N, (@) Nz > Hz > CO > NHy SolPs (a); 1 Gitar stern FagaAR FR-cer y eors a TATA ATS wa AST ALA Tce FAs aIOBL Ni CB BRET THR SITR aH FATS aacECH APT Example-40. Hp *HIOVa ifs Ba KI {Ans: aj [JU°14-15] (@) 128 atm (b) 31.1atm (©49.7atm (4) T5aten, Example-41. CO, Hira arte wera eat — [Ans: a] [JU"14-15, RU"09-10} (31°C (b) 118.8°C (©)-240°C @ 481°C Example-42, H, OTH GS OAT eT [Ans: a] [JU°14-15, JU" 09-10] (@) -240°¢ (b)- 120°C @314c @-196°C Example-43. Pipa rr sori arnt sera of cates Hacer PA ae? {DU"10-11) @xc (b) He (CH, @N Sot: (a); Seer Sat CaP ae eM stra TORE COC FRETS CaP SAT Example-44. OA Saha SIP BOAT AS GALS otters MACHT CaP FAAS AB? [DU"07-08, RU’07-08) @) High temperature and low pressure (b) Low temperatitre and low pressure (© High temperature and high pressure (@ Low temperature and high pressure Sol: (d); Low temperature #& high pressure-9 arr wba ecw ApS orenn Example-45, OTFUIH SUPT AAAS 0 CTAB? Ans: ¢] [RU°07-08] @) (P-+3) (v= nb) = oT (©) (P-+3¢) v—nb) = net (©) (P-+%3) cv —nb) = net (© (P+ §)V—nb) = nkT Example-46, (P +92!) (V—0.2b) = 0.2RTAAeaA FO aI Ny OT ET TET? {RU'07-08] @28¢ - (b) 0.568 ©)5.6g (0.288 SoP: (0) n = = 0.2 w = 0.2 x 28 = 56g EEE 9 eee= PARA 2W Fa + TAG-o9 ables TT Oy Biers siege Tee @ eV omer RET IPE eH SITE a aTeR ce wy aT ww Sree ai eT Seren a rear Fy fe soa ga sw we fen FON Gi) SOFT ef cteteTa aR o T= feEITE) Gv) TIF Ae Te wo @) SOPH TA FHCRC HCA RAT TT I TL MRR RTM HLA COTA HER aT US AR (SOPH SEP TER SHAT I ET caiD A AT MIRCEA STOTT GATT SOM AIT (ii) shore STR tet we afore Rowe me fice BOTS ICA) ea MATRA ATCA CRE TP MATE CTE ree Te PY RS He UD ee ff EE a aE EI SA Co) ET SER ete eee a ANE WO HL TE RT META TE APA BM we Rai @&® IT SETAC Ca font wer OD erga ong fone sore coma lemma AAT © SUPT SPRITES cee fier Fam aa: @ WRF TB ACA, coms = ao = f= = F@=p="@ [RU"12-13, DU'L1-12, JU°09-10] @ Wan,c= [Ee (iy rere et, cy = PFE (sre kg 6 Fie ea) Gv) crms > E> ep > ARAN: MOC Scare AH Bret Nm R= 8314Jmol“*K-! Bai ¢ sbiora foie: sites fea KE = 2 PV = 2 nRT a ROMA MST SIRE SH, Wa OER: Sah STMT STA HCH og HASH CAE CATA TT u1415) u1415) FRR, STEAM? IR, SIR Se kg ETE Fie RA UE, CIITA FROER AE RP TITS EHC FAD WANS (x y,2) a CHER BT IR aN TOT ACHE Sys wiRtTeTA ATA 3 1 ™ cea mT ao Pena eee AT TMT FART 2 PV I ATA BaCAT GST? le-47, 35°C GMINA 2 g CO, Sa HEME Fe? [R= TH swe O5R ()21R © 42R NE = 3nRT=2x2xRx 308 = 2x 308xR=3x7xR=21R "20-21, RU'10-11] {Ans: b] [GsT"20-21] @ OR Y {Ans: b]{gU"14-15] BR Et oft o of Example-49. q2% OTANI Hz O; WOM rms CA SANS RH [pu'0s-09), @us (o) 1/4 4 Sor a= feast Wp ETC sore TOT: ( (cara cis SE BACT Ht ATA Bee WATS TE COA: HCL \ (ii) Cora Ct GAN BAC OH~ FIR Be SAE HE CAA: NOH [Agri. Guecho"21-22] ve aacbe are wea a calbate Twa: [CU’17-18] Sa aR GAB CAT ST GT A GT TAT CaN (Ht STA) AA FATS oA (Gi) FS BH a GRAB TT aT STE AT ST TATE RIT COUR sre FATE CT NH, + HCl = NHj +cI- HCI aida WIA Sea Cl” Vofs eta HCI OPTS) GA NH, CNOA set Bea NHZ 4 fae aM WE aE eI WATe Ss Tt SAE we: TA TATRA ATC AB env CTEM CH IA PE A HCE OH HLA FTA TS AL Bh HATHA TAT a ee a A TAT TAT OH eT aged Has a STU Hts: IC FE CC TAG CoAT SOTTO CL HCA APE WA ONS 2 OCHA TATA HAF TA Ba Oca ETA Has The Gs TA TS TT HF Sg TT ‘Barer: (HCL +H,O = HOt + cr [GST’20-21, JU?18-19, RU’12-13] wees atte ogre wee Gi) HCL +.NH, = NH{. + cr ere eS waste Bache aR awa erprTea SETS aT HIS PTT PEfSw wee TATRA ASA CTAPATCA OT AALS AT (GUAR: NHg, HzO CePTCAT AN APA CBA STA SEH AT, I TRL TH HT TAN SACATETT | ee Fates OT TSI: Rr as, PROT NFS OTA STC ACN ROMA sr TT TNE MR AHS | GTH- FeCly, ZnCly ROTH AAR ART ATES GRP | AFA: AICI;, BPs S GIRP SHPPATR Cut, Ca?*, H*) [DU’17-18, BAU"14-15, SAU"14-15, CU'0S-06] “Bar are: ee cong ReovaAP mC HT ovTNE HHA APRA HA CHT: HO, CH — NHg, NHg, OH; CO, Cl” Ren aracel a ‘wate Bact HY ATA WAT AAA OH HAH wos 0 mse Hae HF we RAY LAT FH RATATAT A FtSACRE Cd Sao Fates CATT FTAA 3S : TGTI-03 CamBAtN mea eeprTa eafS Ree MIR Fc fm cate HCE oT or: © SWAPS car: HCI, HBr, HI, HNOs,HCI0,, HCIO,,HySOq, HzS, HCO, H,0, HgPO,,CH,COOH Rent (i) Sorat cata s8: HS07, HCO; HPO3- Rent (it soit cata we: HOt, NHZ, [AICH,0)¢}**, CHsCOOHS (ceifbeatbe Barents PTE) | ‘Serafin TAR Pica fA CES es ona oO: © SW celta Tre: NH, NH;OH, NH3~NHz,CH3-NH3,H20. (SUTRAS cata Ae: OH”, 82°, cO2-, cl »Br-,NO3 Rents Gi) WPS cia Tr: (Al(OH) (H,0).]**, [Fe(OH 2(H20)4]*, [CuCOH)(H,0)s]* © seat aat aH eae: cabot chet: eta wees caida TST AR: HE, H,S0,,CH3COOH CRF et: tA aT CoA sit) NH, NH,~OH, NHy~ NH2, CHs-NH2 [RU12-13] AEG PCA @ ae er4y afre: HCl, HBr, HCN, HNO; etc. Gi) Rew PFS: 12504, HaS03,HP03,H5B0,,etc, Gii) faa aPiw: H5PO,,HsBO,, etc. ‘Seed cit aren: H,0,HC0;, HSO; cation Facer: caer at stars BAP GOT: CHCl, @) SG ANTE TS Pt (K,) eX aad we =n a HCI HBr, HI, HNO3,H,S0, aes wa we wat ST setae STATS i ies She OH AC AOA K, TTA eR Ca (iy rare ares ei eet TT FRAMES RH AR CAA Ky ATA TH RH CHT CHjCOOH 3RI5% Fremfere ei wt K, = 1.8 x 10-5) Gi) FRE ere aromyCER core eT wR ROT TS A TEA Bar ws cere HClO, > H,80, > HNO, > H;80, > HNO, > Helo ifvi6171 Gv) Stan free coat ores TE Brat ATTA RE OS CHAN AN TTT calB ee Br ATT ge erpTe cr after Bas afte HClO, > HBrO, > Hid, (ES \ < ataaam aedExample-50, CMa SAM Bact OH- STF ST ara? [Ans: d] [Agri. Guecho’21-22) (a) AI(OH); (&) Fe(OH) (© cr(OH); (@NH,OH Example-S1. HPO,?~ 3 Saat ia HAG? [Ans: b] [GST" 20-21] (a) HPO, (b) POg- (©) HPO (@ HPO f Example-52. Com faafoRt aide an? [Ans: a] (JU"21-22} || (@) IC Ge-iS weg MCHA ALT Be oT (b) Save Sea racer cH SB Ht af ere \L (©) Fer ory Picea eT BR site (O78 FR afte San TE oS Example-53. 374a oPE-wIae ees Ais Bares ABT [Ans: a] [RU*21-22] (a) #0; ,0* (©) HCI; Hot (©) NHI; cl- (rae ae Example-S4, MPs caida SPS sraBCH ah? [Ans: ¢] [Agri. Guccho’19-20] (a) H20 (b) Has (©) NH (@ PH; Example-SS. H2SO, &8 FAQS "BA Cea? {JU'18-19, RU*12-13} (@) soe (b) H30* (©) HSOz, (@) H,S05 SoP: (€); H,SO, + H,0 = HS0z +H30* Example-56. @rfe 92m fre? [Ans: ¢] [DU"17-18, BAU’14-15, SAU’14-15, CU'05-06] (Hel (&) HCIO, @alcl, (@ HNO, Example-57, 2 *AT4 cob MA FACE Aca CIC aS TH af SR-A AMES HAY? [Ans: d] [CU°17-18] (@) Sacer oy (>) Ae-FIE Oy © RI Oats ey Example-58. AARP APTS (H,S0,) HMA Bafelorw mae RICA aI BCA? (Ans: dj [JnU'16-17] (@) NHO, (b) HPO, (©) HNO, (HClO, Example-59, S0Ha SIH FT A FA’ ATS? [Ans: b] [JU'16-17] (@) HCI03 > HNO, > HCIO (©) HNO; > HsPO, > H,S0, (©) HPO; > HNO, > HCIO (@ HNO, > HzS0, > HCIO Example-60. Fcba CHATS SFTET? {Ans: b] [DU?12-13] (@) NH is the conjugate acid of base NH (©) NH and H0 are conjugate pair (©) OH™ is the conjugate base of acid H0 (@ OH™ and H,0 are conjugate pair Example-61. cTAfo Stee “feet A? [RU"12-13] @ NH (©) CH.NH, (©) ColtsNH @N, Sol*: (b); CHyNHz 94 GE CHy FAFSA IS VTA TAG GAH AT Example-62. WRUba SIAM FA AV? {gU"10-11) (@) NaNO; (b) HNO3 (©) Nat (@u* Sol*: (b); NOg HF H* Stet FACS ties THT aA HN H* stest Sats FT HNO, CwA BTA NOS aa ATA OR! itl BOTA BH A: TEGO SANG HATCH GCS pH aa AT 5.6 aa wa EME A UTR AE gE A 1CU'16.17) rs bras me RPE aye eat ATO aT SOTA ars AEA A PH SATA 5.6 CLF 3.5 BEAT ATC a He Fea iT (H,S05,1,50,,HINO, a) fire weaeR; SANS TAN SOp TMT APRA ‘SARE (NO,) Ke Re AT [KU'14-15} 01. care aba ara ES FRR: [an"19-20) ty 2803 + 02> 2503;S02 +03 + $03 + 03:50, + H,0 + H,S04: $02 +5034 H20 + H,S04; 250; +0, +2H,0 > 21,504; $0, + H,0 ~ HS035 NO + 5 > NO2 + 02;NOz +03 -+ NOs +02; NOz +NO3 ~ Nz0s; ‘feqeer r f +02 [=> 2NO; 2NO +0; + 2NO;;4NOz + 2H,0 +0; -» 4HNOs; [Gst2i-29 N205 + H,0 > 2HNO,;NO, +H,0 HNO, + HNOg; {CO, + H,0 + H,COs; HCI(g) + H,0 ~ HCl (aq) 02. FGD ence eae fatemrTR CaCO, (s) + 802(g) 4 CaSO; (s) + C02(g), 2.CaS05(s) +02(g) + 41,0()) +2 .CaS0,.4H0, Gypsum 16 HS(g) + 8 S0,(g) 2° 355(s) + 16 H,0() 03. Auto-Exhaust System 7 NO, *ht™ Feira: GyHy + CO +NO-+0; 95 C0, +H,0-+Nz+ 02 4NO(G) + ANH3(g) + 02(e) > 4No(@) + 61,0(6) [Mews ete afi] 04, -WeOTceRicaem ETA o ATMO COTS BcRrer aera Fate: g sorye Stare art + NO+NO; +0; —™ > R-C-0-0-NO, +HNOs(vap) +... Example-63. oie YB0s crs Prefs ace a? [Ans: dj (Cu’22-23] @) wee afre ose he afe CREAT FE — () aTeRRe afis Example-64. 72a shia HAC ahs gfe Recrca HT Fat AT AT a pH. a [Ans: a] [CU'16-171 (@)5.6 (0) 4.0 ©68 @70 Example-65. Acid rain @ ec [Ans: bj [KU’14-15] (@) HNO,, HCL () HNO, 1,50, (©) H,504, HPO, (H:C0,.8,50, a MTEC eter Frage HRT,SAR 3H oa : TASTH-0D FRET Smad ORS AAT [3U"16-17] () $er Hardness) \ Gi) pH | (iii) BESS BACH (Dissolved Oxygen, DO) (iv) errata fate BIT (Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD) (v) srarafre SfSxcerT Dif (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) (vi) ca waIgE FHA (Total Dissoved Solids, TDS) So sna tarot: RCo APA, AIPA, SNAP MTT RHA, GRINS s ICA erat BANE ICs CIEE ae AT BR eT TA. (i) RPA ACT (i) BIA TET ¢ Sait re: AACS TMA, OMAP @ SRC TRA BAS cree 2 enw ca aT AE a wee TEN SABI TT * Bi ee: SCS SITET, AAPM, AT © SOURIS 6 HITCH mat BASS ere a enFICS ct AATET aR ee ice BA CT aT [BAU’ 18-19] mT Ca* @ Mg? ora FFA 150 ppm A150 mgL-? aT aa Beek wer gn a on recA FIC ota on peat at nits exer patra: wert ea oaree Ashore OTe eA TART ea SARA STP 8 ATMA STEAD ATH ARS Ca(HCO3)2—+ CaC0s + H,0 + CO, eA a nce yb eT ear IE IPOS ARTS a APTA CATE eMC A ACT A aT ATT + ay EE srenfr: RARE zn one Bah ome onfeu oma ScHAPCAD (NaAISIO,.3H,0)1 af apfere freee vive afteracet et arr ae phar Coicn ace sree ear ae eA ‘ereAOE: cw we RAFAT + Seon reese eae: © AreTErA AAT Gi) Tae R=8314)K-tmole~ [siaace] > R= 8.32 x 107 erg mole! K- [CGS are] > R= 0.0821 Latm K“mole™ [Litre atmosphere #73] > R= 1,987 Calk“*mot-* [Calorie 4404] GIPGRT 24 (Ie = R/Ny) (@) POH aGTET OI aeTH: 1.36 x 10-251 atm K“*molecule™? (b) BAA SI GCF: 1.38 x 10-23)K-*molecule™* CHI AT (n) = EOD a4 es sre gm mole“! wat TE SeAR HT Boe AIA FT) S Fla Fe = constant (0161 FAME Ga SITET CREM) ATE SANT” Fe TA AT AG BYRD Core Retest aera CUteT ALT ARPT ny 6 ne VA, AGH GIA BHC, Xq = A ; Buea CUFT wallet, Xp = = fia Orman rms Fase A, B,C Benrhte hr Helota caIB OI P aay ae CIA BI Tet Pa, Po, Pe Rone Rar, P= Pa + Pat Pe [AAA BIA = CHI BTM x CATT Ste, STG Pa = Xa P] ARB wrraTaAN @ iarmAs FASTA A, B, C TPOTHITF Va, Va, Ve ARTETA ACH Pa, Po, Pe BIC APT RA, TST Cae FARRIS HAC HB VIM AM PACTS, P(Va-t Viet Ve) = PAVA + PoVe + PcVc MAR HAC V TOCA ME ‘FRR SATA PV = PaVa+ PaVe + PcVe [000 ACHRT 6 COC SI Die a I] (reser oto >) [Rta @ BIE] 16, B= 17. 18. 19. 20. a. sopra nos ae, = AE Fat spr eng STEER ca, a= | (+33) (V= nb) = ART (SIGH exPrT rates, Tea MOTs Crom eICATET) IAT TOTS ACTON ON, Z = Seat Z = 1B, ORE If OT) ZT ATR ‘1 a OCH AE A CRIS RES ITH‘AAA BH A : TIGTY-0D MCQ 01. BOD 44 a Fo Br CHR ons Sem aA? (@) 1.0 mgl-? (b) 1.02 mgi=* (©)0.01 mgi"* (@) 101 mgi-* 02. DO a4 3 BAS SS Rem Bis? (a) 4.7 mgL=* (b) 4.6 mgL=* (c) 4.06 mgL-* (@) 4.67 mgL* \ 03, FADE APIA ITH R a EE TAB? (@) Latm mol (&) Latm mol? (c) Latmk™' mol-* (@) rene ae 04, SBT SHreTa ART ACE ae ‘a TTS Fe wR @ SRESMiRe Reet () HOA BI (©) TIO STE @) Sree ores 05, fig retrace bet Sa GRETA Crea ST? (@) *aIgS oy) sfege Ove Op 06, (P+ 22) (V—nb) = aRT GR aRteatb anaes Mt aA? (@ mol Lt ()Lmol (© mol L? (@ mol L-? 07, SI SC CBS FISH I FS? (@) 1.38 x 10-?2)K-1molcule-* (b) 138 x 10-**Latmk~tmolcule~* (©) 1.38 x 10-5}K-*molcule-* (@) 138 x 10-}K- molecule“? 08, FRET ret aT CATER A? (9) ETA Bre TAT TER CTE (b) SeraTET ATH TOR coat (6) eroraran ar TTC Bret rea @ crentte ar | 09, figa Bere career smETH DIM 4 os ACT BAT (9) a 0 aH Mea (b) Dra et AR Ce Cfo ergs ama (ey fest a> tee 10, ere Stra FRC HTOTATCT VACA AF FS BA? @o (b) @1 (098 | LL 127°C Serra 6 2 atm Bie 1 mol Hz ANCL STE BL, ACHAT Cotes FS? | @ozs (b) 025 © 049 (080 | 12. STP.6S 22.41 CO, NICH Fale cetbA GIR? | @1325x 108% (b)8.432x 104 (0) 6.023 x 1027 (@) 699x107 | 13. 0°C wrerarare cor Tora 1 1B ees ony sete 8.314 x 10- Meng aca spr 1 mole 4 Foi ey SIR? | @s0z2 x 10% (b) 4.095 x 102? (©) 6.99 x 10 (@ 6.058 x 1073 | 14. 227°C writer 0.5 atm BIC 500 cm? SRTETT HI Beihkw sepTITER foes we? | @a7s5y (b) 37.5] (©) 0.375 Latm (@) 37.5 Latm | 1S. 1 ener 100 1 ergs ea 2.0 x 10-741 127°C wIATAA @ 100kPa die shia way FS? | (@)3010%8314gm- (0.082 x 3010 gm™ (6) 24 gm-® OS gm | 16. crarpar ersten sepricen afore Fae? (a) era OT (©) "46 (@) CHIR aH EE. So17, 18, 19, 20. 21. 22, 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Aes errata sore P aa PV caer CORR RE? @P-cenTEM PVT (CQ TAREM aT =A) SET 27°C CIARA 7 mol CHR STE Cis aon we BA? (@) 3150R} (&) 31500R] (©) 315R} 2188). 27°C ITOH 22g COn MOTH sifoahes Fe RCA? (@ 250R} (b) 200R} (©) 225R) oF) —73°C CATA SL *ita 3 mol Op gas SIR A wiermTa ef O, TA NG ASS FS AA? (@) 1.85 x 10-29) (6.17 x 10724 (4.14 x 10774) (@) 565.5) MOTT Ss oS Boma Borg ean? @ IER age (0) 4 @ SHEA (wernt are PS FARE rerTRATT Corr SITET ETAT foraN maUECH CAH? @H, 0) He ©0, (@) S02 aeAtaargRH STATE ROAR BOHN, @ 20% Og AT BITE TUNA (Hs LF GTA) FE? @ 288 0) 144 (28 (@ 32 Cor eotrarr ae cra FARR SIROMEDTCOE RETA aT A? (@) Fert () He © CaP @ 185 aT FB nT COTA SOTO ETS rm. s Ct v mst | CATAL 2 STA PCT 1G MS RA? @ fEvms of 327°C CARMA Op ICTR APL THAT FS? <7 © fe vms-* @ Fens (4) 208 & Rms © fms o,f m= 11°C wraan He = Nel seritienr @ [ms co mss (VB Rms“ (4) VAZBDOOR ms si bawivion erica AR OLAT 4 37.5 kPa IM SPAR PTT aes ara FS? (@) 300 ms** () 450 ms“ (©) 600 ms~t (4) 900 ms? FS OAM COp AA rem. s AM 11°C SAAN Cl A rem. s CAAT AAA RA? (a) -97°C (b) -91°C (©) -97K (4) -91K ). 27°C TAKA Op SE r.m.s AA FS RA? (a) 15.29 ms (b) 483.62 ms~* (©) 490.25 ms~* (@ 48.05 ms~* - —267°C SIP Ae B3.14kPa BIC 10-4? STTELA SO, HHT PEPE er CR? (a) 05 x 1078 (b) 1x 108 (2x 10% (3x10 30°C WIoTmTaA 22g CO ATT SL RA HAT SHCA A ANCA BI BE ATA? (a) 8.314 x 30.3 kPa (b) 303 x 8.314 atm (©) 0.082 x 30.3 atm (@) 303 x 0.082 atm LARA STAR COTA MITE IT AM FST ARPS AC HA SIA CRUG UT Ia A wey AT ACA? @arte Sor ane 7a ey a SaR cterca Peg eT34, 118 CET SOOmL ary HTC ATH TATA 27°C ae CHPANTH TSTCA BIA 760mm (Hg) RM CALA BU eA ‘TR? [Na = 6 x 10%mol™] [R = 0.0821 LatmK~!mol-!] oP ot oe (Rx 102 (@Rx 10 35. 27°C SIRTF 320 atm BCA 1 FF car O, ST STR MITCH BIA 10% AICS AHAB CE PS TOMI AICS RIA? (a) 57°C (b) 100°C (©) 186°C (@) 18.6°C 36. 127°C OITATETH AAR 1 atm BIL 16.0 gm O, AA SISA SS? (a) 200RL ) Su o€ (@ (R+200L) 37. (P+23) (V—nb) = nT at ateaet a aa aee carat ae? i (@) Nm (mole)~? (b) Im? (mole)-? (©) Jm? (mole)? (d)aeb Boxe 38. FGD 21CB B-IeAA SO, TPA Borer corres cee TRS False eT (@ Ca(OH),(aq) + $0; (g) + CaS05(s) + 1,0(1) (ii) 2H,S(@) +80, (g) + 2H,0(1) + 38(s) (ii) CaCO3(s) + S0,(g) ~ CaS03(s) + CO2(g) Roa arate aie? iii Oii,iii © ii ii @i, HCL 6 NH SF HB 30cm? Acer oramors FANS Rt AIHA ACA AMS AS HCL PS WA SS NS NH5 GPT orate Free aTPTS BOA (FS ee AAT HCL NPT ATA STE NH SCR FC Cat TH eT (i) oof ee ATH NH OPT ACTH TETRA HCl eae AAC CaP AT TH Gil) Tera IEE eae TeaA wea Baas sHrora orelae wa Fea eat TT Fos cert aise? @ iii ©) ii, i (isi (4) i, ii, iii 40, fia Crettary PTOI SET TS af Caos A Face sac x GearatS thea AA wT eT (@) H; > Nz > CO, @)Nz>Hz>CO, (6)Nz>CO2>Hz — (4) COp > Ny > Ha 41. GAB BIC 10 atm BIC 50 L RCRA HM SFE at VICE! IL TBALAME Haw CoAT A TPT Bat AS wat AA, BAA ASE CHAT CSSA PRGA WEA BTM 2 atin BLA? [SA CoRR TTC ETO Feat STR 42, FARE CLMATAAT @ 1 atm BCH HAE AILSA SCTE AEA 200 mL 1 STAT ATS cates Brest A a IER TCA TRO BPH CEH 105 mL BAI a CCH SHEA FE? 43, ei crea Piferers 250 kPa Dies @ 27°C wreraTar FAferaTa AT SAE ICR FHfCTALE 1000 kPa BM AT FATS nt atom erscer 2 one FPPTMETAAE RCD ICA, A TCH ATCA ST ATT A [PHPTCTCA CTIA STAT = 1500°C] 44, 27°C Brera 380.mm(Hg) BE 0.53 g ate 821 ml STA HA wa MPA STAT ATTOL 45, GRR ATOR ae CHEAT HPs GIA eR MYATT BIC RAG fee te Pron Pere ere ATE 1.0 FRE 673 HRS HAH OH ATS SATB STAT CX FE? 46, 21°C BrraTarN 4a 720mm (Hg) BIE CO, SE aaeT aG-aA Brae (em.s Cam) PTA | 47. enephearerca ARCRTCoR RECSOCA TAH ARAHS FARSEATOTT CARTS | 48. FGD enc meade Faftemere orate | 49, are aCe Te TORT TS Papo HET HAA A? a ae iirc eroren FAH AT.= (85 1.0 melt (b); 4.6 mln (€); Latmk~! mol" c 0; 12, Sol: (a); 1B co, BYES L + = 12 fF ceiba acace: © + @x2) #2241 603.0", mol CO; 65 22 > Nq = 1.325 x 102 afb HEHE 13. Sol @sE=} Ser 3 nig = PROBES _ 4 005 x 1023 axesiax1o-™ B= FnRT = Spy = 2x 05 x $0 15: Sol: (0); 100 Baya en2x 10-*%g aa, 6.02 x 102 Baad 12.04em w _ PM _ 100000x1200%10- _ =o aaiaxoo = 14, Sol 375 Latm 3 B= 3X7 x RX 300= 3150R] 19, Solt: (€); E= 3x 2 x Rx 300 = 225R] 20. Sol": (6); E = 2 KT = 2 x 1.38 x 10-*? x 200] = 4.14 x 10-21) 21. Ans: (¢)5 S1°FRTaT 22. Sol: (a); C x 7 UR calba sIA a Sa aH CHER Cat CaP 23. SF (is SHEN: a = a ae = 24, Ans: (b); UI 25. Sol (©) Come = PEE, ong Ht = FEF oes evs [ERE aye 26, Sol": (a); "GLAM ae sane 7 (as aT ag aeaT = fe = sxendet — V426000R ms~ 144 7200 . Sol (a: Ma, 29. Sol*: (a); Teor = Teo, = ar = 44x 4 = 176K =-97°C 30, Ans: (b); 483.62 ms“? PY _ s3tgero%10-t a 31. Sol: (b);n Tae = g AL SMR = 2 x 6.02 x 1079 = 1x 107? f (etts) yar _ Zxooeaxa02 pat = SOE = 0.082 x 30.3 atm 33. Ans: (b); BT 34, Sol®: (b); n = eo 1 = 23 2 HY TE, Nq Xn = 6 X 1073 x ST, = 330K = 57°C iet = Ra00 0.0821 LatmK~*mol~] 39. Ans: (b); ii, iii 40. Ans: (a); Hz > Nz > CO Written 41. Sol”: ators SrtA figs SCENT SAR, ALAA ALT RT ‘n [HERE FATE, FV, = FeV = 1Oatm x SOL = 2atm x Vz = Vp = MBSE — 250L, HA EE PT GT off Fas A TE HT AT AN SG, ICES ATTA AA SOT TeV Perors TAT ACT 4M BR, 2Lx n = (250 — 50)L = n= = 100 Bee «n= 100 Bae 42, Sol: 4 US, ICCA SISA = V mL | PSH AAT AINA SH DIL CH etSta IR WIR Bow WAR eT STA STA CO SICA STON It ACA | “TCHR ATS, P,V;, = PVa STE, + Latm x (200 — V)mL = 2 atm x (105 — V)mL_ spied anefite SrTe9, V, = (200 — V)mL = 200-V =210-2V ora erefirg bet, Py = 1 atm, ‘Baa: wicdcata CaS GTAOA 10 mL A,10cm*. 43. Sol ot-apmeea vr ygt 2 = FE oT 2] 000 kPaxa00x Te aso Kea 31 = 1200K omer fafSe STEM, Vz = (105 — V)mL. sora saafSe Be, P, = Zatm. TS, ‘NOTE SH ITA T, = (27 + 273)K = 300K MICHA SABIM, Py = 250 kPa TTC Crt LTA Te =? TTR Cae It, Py = 1000 kPa «. fafeporatta wer Sara O11 1000 kPa pba HAH rca rer AAT 1200K = (1200 — 273)°C = 927°C. IRR Cote HMFATAMT 927°C ae fT Ceara TATE 1500°C ocormel SH; SIR Fferwrale sie aT Fca ARS BT OUI EE. =Sor: = PV =nRT SPITS, SUTTER, w = 0.53 g = tot 3e0% 821 x 103 = $83 x 0.0821 x 300 SUPT 4a, R = 0.0821 L mn =} prea retary, T = (27+ = 2% 821 x 10-3 = 933 x 821 x 10-4 x 300 LT = ( ™ > M=053 x 300x 10" x2 = M=053x30x2 Cl, SHSM BH = 35.5 x2=71 IAT I SETA, SORTER, th = SEH SPT (MATA SATS TT) TTT FAH = FAD s- Eowyn b coctes: aod *G) =8 ty = eB sree RRS (ete GRA) ATR I= 73 CHEE =m, =M,(2)" = 71 (8) =48 | ora, my =71; My =? - Sols ERAT OCT RMS GAL BT, Rt SE |mol~ gmol™t a1 OF © 6a ms! wal c= FE. SxOStaT mora ™ | #10 Sega? = VI6666x 10mST = 1K, OMAR Ae K eae SITE Sra aes iT = (214273) = 294K 47. Sol": TEMS: Np + 0p LUE aNo ; wae: 2NO(g) + 0, SOONER 2N0,(g) SIBCE e154: CaCO, + 2HNO3 = Ca(NO3)3-+ CO; +H,0. ‘Frecya: feorea Ca(N0,) 9 (oer) Bios cette Pecks 48. Sol: CaCO, (3) + 50,(@) + CaS0,(6) +C0,(@) t Ca0(s) + SO2(g) —> CaS03(s) 2CaSO,(s) + 0,(g) + 4420(1) — 2(CaS0,.2H,0) Gi) Sate se omy eA ee eT eeteeMa SITE aR SENECA GAT AMS MTU eT OO CIB STE HE RIS ABR AT AT DATTA PRM APHICAT THIGH DST PRT PIN LT RA PE TA UTS ia onma rena oeRt weoatr wT za PURISE SOTA WAR IRI UCIT Author UnknownRacial Gaal ag : [SOE 31 1 : THGI-O8 [iF Concept Geer ards fre wat BS Fam ter TC era SOT MT TL GL ATT HATTA MATT PRTG PRT Tae PASH TE ACH STO FH A OT CT HAT | Gea ‘ae At eT PRTC wT TAT MPRA MTA eae PRCT CAC ES AMARTH CTA A CA ATCT SIC FICE SATATS SPACETCOTS, GPRS, ARCS, ATE, HREM, OCICS ely cer AS ect! CHOPSN (orfiarere wa) GTA: FACET (CH,), fete GRAS (CHC), Rae STRATE (CH;OK), SHIR ais (CH;COOH) sgfS1 aera ercereth we COR CT 1203 farbre aa Reon arene BISA © at sete, 7 “AE (Living Organism) cata ene oP tora A cre ate hs, FH ne cote ees MPR SETA AT ATTRA BL 1815 SAB FTN TATA ScaTA CAT CH, DT TMH CA AS ASH we HACC aE TTT MTR SISTA Reon Re AT OE HAHA Tera APL BW Fat AST AT a TSAI aIcesleraTCHA etfs WHAM (Vital Force Theory) AA SASS BT Sls Ae eat a Twa A AAT! 1828 fRBICW GRETA Bee (F.Wohler) “AMET etea premier GRTARRE @ GTS ATIC eater Patten Sey wore TICS Bacce Bare aAhgS sea SIA ‘Soreatra TE CoA aT Pe MPR REHEAT ers eA FARTS Pa: 2NH,Cl(aq) + Pb(CNO); (aq) ———> 2NH,CNO(aq) + PbCl,(s) OQ Rl j ala — natono A> wNCNG, areata TEA Tet Cae aH) creme cet) ‘opremnaa ATATAD (NH,CNO) MAMce Bas ea THK ATS HA STATA PLAT A, eA ATT ITS AANA LT toh eat AEA aes, Berm Vat sa Ur TT af wept ones eas (Urine) cece BOIL BTSS BA tse sear cx ae He, wT ATH ROREMT station ATIC TTS TH A x RTSCTR TOT PAGE HOM...aft tera att [RSF at enfacets cin] [eafhreeer ar Sera Gat I Perea [pre an] [etree cn] errr ey] [eaters cts] [emanate ct] [abeareritretire| [cebrsteucats] Op S) He ae Pret Care TRC ABTA HRGES TH TACT aR eae TE + ACHE A: S98 slats Get raTH sie seh ta CINTRRT ra e were ETAT RAUTATCA wR, Bes ada rT eT PRaMeTT ATE Bea AA TP AE ora seg FART (—CH,—) aera MET Is eR a Mora UT AS ar ACH Ua SM HT A, OH MAC HR CATA ARCA AAT CRNA Pater et et cai errors TER ARC aI CAIATAM (homologue) At eres maT calla CTspraceR wees Pecan CAPT aCe: GORI SEE TTR ARCS BI SET SA ATT GUA: CoHony1 OH RM SOLA ATE ALAS! MAA n = 1 Bet FAT (CHZOH), n= 2 =e Ba (CoHsOH) @t | Gi) arent RCA WoT FAAP sere (—CH,—) a onder tL cA: Fear (CH30H) 6 29 (CH3CH,OH) aca aces omy Ret —CH, — FETE) Git) OTs ACHAT aha eat FAB BTR Tere eee | ETA: -OH RA SUTRA TEE (iv) aors SHAG FTIR raw reAS ee) (0) or A ATA HC I AIC Fe aC I oa Bea CH or AAT, “ABATE, TAG erpfon FRE MED CTH: FRearT (CHjOH) aA “ROME 65°C, Beret (CoH OH) ea ~EBATE 783°C: + a I i aiaee Ran STC TRT (1) R-CH,OH : 1° OCR TF # ACTS TTT \ = | 0 (iso + 2°) —_ “ -OH DO COPRAT TIF ‘Drath STR V I} (neo + 3°) R,C- OH f OH 3° SRT ETE SST BITRE R-X -x BIE HIF W SSIES R-CHO I STARS TE ~c=0 ‘fear R=CO-=R’ eso FRO rE 0 3 aR oe R-COOH I aire -C-0H Reta R-O-R' -0- ar ae =N-H ‘sofa R-NH, | oie are H OH APTS TTMTRS R-CONH i! eu SOMRCOT yee 0 APS TTS R= COX I BPS VITAE TE =c-x 0 tra R-CO-OR’ I oon ee =C-0-R o = fs RETTE (RCO),0 Hot SOFRRRRE TE ST ATTN R-CN CaN HAIRS Hera 0 7. a) afde ARG Cet R=NO -N=0 ara yee rn Ar-OH @-on rrr TEE Steat t R=SH =S-H ert sp? 49 sp? C-H:0.110 nm 109.5° 2 | 3 fe sp? 33.33 C=C:0.134nm ial CAT RTCA YExample-O1. CH, = CH — CH = CH, ~<9 149 orp Hera A TTA? [DU"22-23} (a) sp, sp (©) sp, sp? (©) sp? (@) sp, sp, sp? H we Sol": (c);, tan c-H H#-C—H AAI, ACB TTR CAB ARTA CITE WR SALE TAH, sp? AeA! Example-02. C,Hy,C2H, C,H, QIMeTaICS C — C AHAOTG AIETA X, Y 6 Z VT: [5U°22-23] (@X CH ‘My _G,7 — CRRA — 2, 2,8 — HAR) Cis cis, rr oe ie i ee! 03, CH, — CH= C— ¢— CH, CH, cus (3,4,4 —Brefiarerey — 2-4) city seis 04. CHy~ C— C=C-CHs cy (4.4 — wearers — 2 — BRA) ESS =ci 4 9 2g 05. CH — CH ~ CH, — CHO 3 —faatafetirae cy co s 4 a a 3. CH3 — CH — CH, — CH —CH—CH (2—2arR— 4 — cy of 4 4 2 07. Cy — CH - CH, ~ COOH (3 - fratahtbrentie afr) ae ae ;. CHy = CH — COOH 08. (2 — contrat afte / cast 2 — 34 -1 — fire afte) —S le | 09. CH=C~ CH —CH, - Coon } (3 — felts — cor — 4 — atts — 1 — fire firs) 10. Hy, - CH = CH - Coon (R80 -2 — 25-1 — fie aS) ° (crt — 1,4- UR -3 — em) h =, . | Ii. CH, = CH— C —CH= CH, Example-10. CH; — CH, = C(CH3)2 — C=C — CH, alfa IUPAC AIX AB? [Ans: ¢] [RU’20-21] @ 13-9 CTR (©) 13-3.-Re ere cof (© 44-wiefeea-2-eseR @ 42 CH Wh 2 Weel _ Otel, sort: (¢), CH — C= C— CF — CH CH CH; 4A SHAR RTRTTR 2 A 4,4 ST AT-2- THT Example-11. H.C = C(CH3) — CH,OH cifoa IUPAC ara {CU"20-21] (@) 2-Fiereer-2-cenfery-1-2 (b) Surat STATA (©) Rear fore cen (@) 2-Faeier-1-conr-3-31 Sol: (a); He = tu - cH,0H 5 2fRerear-2-confera- 1-217 cy | Example-12. CH; — CH(C,Hs) — CH, — CHBr — CHCl — CH; @ivifa [UPAC #1 &T- (DU'19-20) (@) 2-GRIAT-3-TCMT-S BARAT (b) 2-Great-3-Careat-5-FReah RCRA (©) 3-GHICRT-2-GRTCAT-S-RMRAATA (@ 3-ateat-2-preat-5-FaereereTA SeP: (@; CH, — *CH — “CHa — *CH— aan = 1CHs (3-CanT-2-Gpreat-5-FaereareeroA) i sclis ® a 5 1 7cRE Caco ic Example-13. spoceret sae Caw Fre: ” , Par (@) Pent— 3 - ene-1-yne (6) 3— hydroxy ~ 2 ~ methyl butanol (©) Cyclohexanone (¢) Cis ~ 1,2 — dimethyl cyclopropane ee fe Sol: (a) CH = C— CH= CH—CHy (by cy - CH GH — CH, - OH Q No HC, CH oO w@ BB an No? He SH Example-14. IUPAC *T@f805 CH; — CH(CH3)CH, — C(CH3)OH — CH, — CH 74 AT BR - (DU'17-18) (a) 2, 4-Dimethyl hexanol-4 (b) 3, 5-Dimethy! hexanol-3 (©) 1-Ethyl-1, 3-Dimethyl hexanol-1 (@) 1, 3-Dimethy!-1-ethy! butanlol-1 cH cs 5 i Sol*: (b); SCH; — CH — ‘CH, — G 2cH, - ‘CH ow Ch Example-15. om GieiBa TUPAC aT eT (DU'LS-16) CH:CH,CH,CHy (a) 1,2 — methyl — 4 — butyl benzene (b) methyl butyl benzene (©) 1,2,4 — dimethyl butyl benzene (1 — butyl - 3,4 — dimethyl benzene CH; 5 oe Sor: @); 6 D> 1 =RBOR-3, 4 wearer ARR (CH2CH2CH2CH3 Example-16,. Zon etifpa TUPAC aa? Ans: 4] {CU'11-12) @) CA -2-SA 1-8 (b) 1- REPRE 2-H (©) 6 BRATS BH -4 (@) 18 -1-8a-1 ‘cere tera ee RCHPa CAPMET BH AMISH (Isomerism) | Ol HH. STC MMA HeCHT AR Ley MH ACTS TH RAAT PRAT een STW a arr at re co ee FMT aC TCHR Aaa A AT ARCATA (some!) AA RY AAT ATH AHS HR TSA CHCA CA a aT a FIA era EHR erp fre FATT! ‘Para AeA AANYCICH STATS FAG Steet Sieh Fat Vi (#) ASAE AAGST (Structural isomerism) (8) CBfhe FATE (stereo isomerism)! oof aE: ipa age SHEMET THA Ferro ners res ete, aay CTS eCwS fig fe fom TOE ACRE SATA CH AAITT ACE Iw TSF AATGST (Structural isomerism) aCe a GErelated related On. Freer aratqet: set Pacer OH SC LT TS ANLL AAT AT Sree PT AT ATT GR: CgHy2 8 fot Free ary oret aT oath aaa Fram @ won gat “refi Fret) CH (a) CHy — CH, — CH, ~ CH — CH; Cy | coca (Primary 1°) a ; ~ CH | (b) Cs — CH - CH, — CH 2-Firaier FABIA (2° /iso- coNCBA) STR, CyHao 9 BR at ae HART Pre @ Bera MTATES (CH;-CH,-CH;-CH; Calle — TS SHIPS SH erie cH. > Srey CHa} > ifs erator — Rafire SC Ly wt — nfirr men CyHyO 8 Ca ory FUR MeN TAME Aa emt AST? ‘worceret (CH; CH;—CH,~ Ol) OHO Ber (CH,-0-CH,- CH CH, 62 Avia wT FOBI? womtes (Cth- CH=CH) cH, oye GH, fer aCe Js ct (3, )——> CH 6 Arba ST FATHOM FL APF FH, C4190 CA Fy CyHane20 AR Formula oe FT ca Ss SG BR OTL SA BA cH, (CH ~ CH, CH — OH () CH = CH, = 0 — CH, — CH SoA -1 wR Bale Bere On @ | (ii) CH; — CH, — CHp— 0 — CH, CH, ~ CH, — CH-CH, ‘Rieter center Sere ARCOE-2 I sec RUT Cy Gi) 1 CH — CH — CH, — OH Ik CHy ~ CH - 0 -CHy (ii) 1 =e CH (iv) CH; -C—0H raider —2 — conta Bers | CHy tert — abbr 8 atest eteren Fraga torn...hm 3 STARE RR BHT EH, CHO TGeHBTS FG CyHay 0% Formula a Mee CA TCR EAR A SAT APA TTI, Fr, tn, DIR OTC Diftree Bes AA MTT | A CH, - C= CH, ° oH CH; — CH, — CHO 1 i CH;-C-CH,| CHs—CH= CH on Tx | CH, — CH = CH, © cB ite mIGE: GFR SHARE HCA ee ATE MISE ACORAAAE oTeaT toa FAFEM ora WET fener era Fe ‘Fem BHA ATT CTS we APTA ACH NES OTT HTL GTR ATR COR FATS ATA AR a HO TCHR FANGS ofS ZR ever (i) SAAS ANGEL (i) ACA TT Bolte HART Keb sere et ae yt SRPMS CHOBE CIT AT + nie ange: ea Me A aTA SHCTH TH AH TS STR SH AA wa FoR SAPO TE HRCA GT THT a OETA eis MTGE AT TIERS (i) efoere eMPPMTTS aA (i) TRE SIPC aS OES HEE AU aA aT eTTfaee TA ert ee afoehre eomfecs wifes sare: earaoed errs FE TE EA AG sp? AAS) Riemer Ca oe GHA AEA THO SF HAT afer SACIERT A TT TOA RT ee TEA SARITA aon RaENTT we TOA AI aa BiG SHAT HEE ARE ATA TE CT FTA YS GRAD rsa wo wren aT me BT HE ra, eR TEC TATA HA FP HRD EMS Zp AFRO STATES RTCA IC IACATCA HE way res RoE YA eformeET AR VT wee TS SrA awe BE aT wae TATA ARTAsfas ts eres ya fem RTT ferent firm ci fa: wn a farm YH efereweT aR: REBA-2-08 i OMS ag AVA rer GB Reet H-AETA-2 0 ra en DH AEEA21 Soph get ce 0H ae 62 wall La, [b.p 4°C] [b.po.sec] a FART TS PT RN < yeTwaH Ta ReaaTES oTdracHA ae few eis, wea Se AMTECH Fi WALA (cis = same side) | Sraiee YS aa TTS a TTY RewTTS sera Ties T Rete fice ara, eae Be Fars G-AANY THI (trans = across)! ¢ anitite agers: feta FS Alora src Pras Aer Sos AANET emis VT () (@ab)C = C(ab); fa + b] ; BATRA: CH, — HC = CH CH, sep gee ae et fire et H iy, Ma HY crrans) (ii) (ab)C = C(bd); [a #b,b #d] ‘Sate: CHy — HC = CH - ee oS) Ly iar cc (iii) (ab)C = C(de) ; [a#b,d #e] ‘Brigat: ia e RRC OTR PRA OT,© Sire after range: Load 95 aR evra CHE Bers cis — trans FAcawaT waa? (rae were fen FoR) seen Rea areca Te rr aH nA aT ITE Sea Bore PSH HH LTE OCH High age low CS ert wea at CHAT URL, High HerRR ae ace At low HRT MRR MM LA Cis AANA wae, trans TAL! IFCATE AI cis-trans AAT MATS E — Z FATE FA VHS Commer PICT B= 2 Ram an Rete STNBAT I AT STE ST ACA HCl aa Br oH CoH Br oa TATE eH APH WHR Br BT High AR Cl Low ae ARETE TS Pere L aa cowA LH maT OH AM WHE LR High ae F Wi Low! ea ere ag ae cis HIG © Bele irra ote acta née: a SSR Sap o Gi) efor ah a Guyer (vy) SAT (vi) By ai od aara tere cca gs a ocenfs Fn aT Fem 7m “as TEATS (plane ised light) 4 ef Femart oroas ea, dove Gores SICA AFEFE HAY (optically active isomers) = STeT# ART At aT Serres fae rarqacera Pica CePHBE ae | CO @) Safer oH ey aaa re Ie Gi) Ben eaters eres Wd effeFee aE Gi) Bom =aReTEMR sR TASS eT iba Cre: cea are reece a Fem rary aT HT ae 2 cH Ce sere Cs age 2 eda eon are (Cosymmetrical carbon) | SeAfEAT RATT CTA MOAT ALSTS OA (+) Fe wat THCAT ME eo CCE “Rate Gist’ [Chiral compound, CH Chiral-aa BA Kiyral = handed] ea seffery ea (Chiral centre) @ 1&1 CHO a tiene etercr Page eT.Fal caGk se Vv ATA A OF: TINSTHI- OR cramer: gee NLA GR TCT A TIL TATA (enantiomorphs) #1 satrifrenra (enantiomers) 71 1 ATE ‘apfPB°TS (antipodes) 3 SPOT (antimers) © TT Wi Sa SCAT ARRON AATARTOMTPRATA FM ATI ae gn ee eke ae PR a We TOA RCS ARETOT NATE TAP STN acme ECR ee FEM A TCT RETO HTT FTE (A) cage Bead SH ATATAS ()1 HR: d ATTA fre o | TTAB aS RT eTAPMICAA HS TATA | cara: urefB PAE [CH,. CH. (OH). COOH] caf TCT AEH AAT ares RT HT HN et AS TT AeA FAT TCR! ra PBC d OTR ars acm EAT A AF CET FEM PALMA IT FATT: wt COOH #4 HOOC ¥| ‘ . ares | Orae fa rR IT (*) PHF C rT ABTS 9 BeratbCe | Trae H—C—OH HO—C—H a CH; H.C d-rete afrs 1 maretbe as See fs mare rowel feFacen a ater = om awies 4 cabifice fier: iB eerePtonTs coer d ora TS @ Lert as Bea se TAA SET OT AAR A HT eres Fr ar HR a 1 ra ge ee RN AG Ton ae TTA cbf eet at Fest Ck) Bret eer ae rca ARAM (racemisation) TH! GATT Ree CATR ‘opi (racemates, BT ressem-ates) TTA! ar: dara e Lames afte BoMe SCTE AEE a TA ‘SIcotfipss CTSER RAM AMPH +2.24° ae —2.24° (BROT 25°C); Peg dl amrette afte scene Pifter + Bicone ora aR (a): como Rr eas aT ie oT eA CAP HAGTA BL Ar AHATAT” ATT aR ST BACT coon Prensa OA SICA A COPA UHM efTOAS RMI BIC CH MATT GAA YE AH, 2 AT ATT 2 Aor cee SITET AT <—\—_ Idm ———> ee aera et etree Se) C= 1gem"3 TCT AR per CT) CTC CT AT Ett "C!S BC CG cOPAPAT TEA TT ARCH D- HCA erat cams ren eeforracrorer & Ato aa ss AVANT TCD wes yore AI ‘a! Re, OT A era BIOS GTA, [ox] CH FraaC aT FAT A: ta = sete were S08 = eases Te TAD cra GAT BATA, 20°C. BFR EMR TTEA BT + 66.5 1 CHAT ACA err aT Ai [a]B? = +66.5 [MMFATE] ade, 20°C ersten, Doma ARE rah crear TMCS BAA aT LARTER TCE ATEN SAT BACT ‘CRIS rae a ATA BH 66.5°1 Lo TS AISRETS CA FATS DIRT TMT CHAM AACS Cl, AAA eH RCH (g/mL) SAAT (g/cc) AAA (@/em?) care ace CATH ae “CAAA Cdn)” AR CTASTIR eE “AEAT | (a) v8 riers etre Frage TT... \FATA n © OT ct: GIT orm ee TT MR ENMTOTA TATA THT HRT Gor eA AACA AS TOA A SSHRC OT AHTAAES AT CH AA MEM GR LM STE ATA MATE A OTA CHT RT Gy STC Pier ace CHAT A a UNA: CaO BADIA af: COOH | HO-C-H 1 cooH RM EH ERR STRAT MH CCR oT AT AT © UMIe titers: SP ae were age AP ry ale A ree aE TE TORN AE SH ER NES GRUBER Ae cooH HOOC cooH | I | H- C*-OH HO-C’-H HO-C’-H | | i Cl= C*-OH HO- ¢’-cl cl= Ct—on | | | | Coon Hope GgoH Hope G) SRR (i) PRR TAPS TTA ) Sil) aA CICA 1 Gi) 4 (iv) “a CTT Gi) 498 Gv) RIERA CHICO [Notes COIcaT Cera Cet AA n Heys RAT BA CH SCE SATE 2" RTF STS HAA AAT MT ATS A Example-17. @m ine Bbraftert ermfa zar2? {RU’22-23] (@) Cols — CHO ()CeHs—CO-CeHs (€)Cels~CO- CH (€) Calls ~ Cgtig ji CoHs — CO — CH, BITS a — H FRRTATAL Example-18, CsH3Cl; Cite Fatt rary sce? ()3 4 @6 [RU'2223] 8eee MSG ic ‘SNA 3H OG : TTI-0} Example-19. CsHy2 Cito safe mary PHB? [pUu"21-22] @2 )3 4 @s Sot: (b); SA ART 24 TOPS ANY AT 4 2441 2 5 B41 3 WY I, x 6 241 3 N = 3 isomers 7 2 9 8 24+% 18 9 at*+4 35 | 10 2-447 75 Example-20. FOR GHA GAME optical isomerism O7aTH? {GST* 20-21, DU’17-18] (a) CH,(NH2)COOH (b) CH,CH(NH,)COOH (© (CHs)2€ = CHCL (@) CH3CH,COOH | Sol: (b)5 CHy — *CH(NH,)COOH serara afbowe wrRart a1 (“foferw) aH Example-21. CsHyy SRS AUHS Wat POC Tog ACH Sere Sa TN? {RU'20-21] @ i ) 2% o3t @4t Sol*: (¢); (i) CHCA (ii) 2-FHratBea FECHA (iii) 2, 2-01 AFAR cAITEA Example-22. FIC GAA Ate CNAs AATIET eM WA? [DU"19-20] (@) (CH3).N (®) CH,CH = cH, (© (CH,)2NH (@ ClCH = CHCH, mag sg _ Sor:(@s | )o= & or, c= i tas isomers (REN) Example-23. iter iB HRA FAA ARTY SIT [RU'19-20] | (a) 2 — Beha cereratare aS (o) 2— Frater cettoreet —2 (© FR8bm —2, 3— wider (a) Bor —2 on ow Sol: (2) HsC — @ - ¢ =CHs HOW | Bxample-24. Pena cor cite emo rarer erren xce amt? [JU’18-19, KU'17-18, 14-15, JnU'15-16, DU’08-09, 06-07, 01-02) @CICH = CHCL (b) CH3CH = CH, (© CH, = CHa (@)CHCH3 HY Sol": (a); C=C’ oe OC $C Example-25. C3H,0-9% Fao TAY FSA? (JU'18-19] | @2e wat ost 38 on sor: as AP A Ao fi \ 8 ARMOR TCH PAGE TOM...Example-26. qcetcer com vr area oman efOrN? RUIB.49) (@)65,4,3 (&)3,4,5,1 ©)2,3,4,5 4) 1,2,3,4 Sol”: (c); years ‘CHO H—C'—OH OH CH H—C’—OH H—C—OH CoH ‘Safe, (2,3,4,5) Example-27. aceicer soar CBs amy ea? (@13 (14 (15 16 Sol: (@); 2" = 24 = 16 Example-28, FO Gam Ciba cron ICR? (@) CH, ~ CH, ~ CH, ~ cH, (©) CH;CH(OH) — CH(OH) — CH; Example-29. CsHq "CRS FoecH STA Awa? [KU'18.19, Ans: ¢] [RU'17-18] (b) CH - CH(OH) — CHCI— CH, (@ CH ~ CH; ~ CH(OH) ~ CH, [Ans: b] [RU’17-18, CU'10-11] @s b)4 (3 @2 Example-30. 36 Pom MITES YoaTG SYS a car UTICeTeA SF SITET [DU'16-17] @3 b)4 5 me OH OH on on WT So: (b); CHO- ¢ — 6 - €— ¢ = CHOH, 41 creer ert omercereAta a a wn Example-31. 7ap raters sg Rrecice St ae? (Ans: ¢} [JnU’1S-16, JU'10-11,09-10] (@) Far fet () cree (co) Cabtire fire (@) ROR ae Example-32. C,H,o0 aa Sr aca FoR Vary Meta ary sea aA? [DU'13-14) (@)3 (b)5 ©4 @6 Sol*: (a); CH3 — CHp—CH,-O-CH, CMs, p-o-cn, CH; — CH, — 0 - CH, - CH cH, Example-33. GAfeicrd Aare Peferurd Crea FEAR eafogire srr Fem em LAS AAD ag Ct NET ATA? oe 3 (10 (@9 [Ans b] [KU'11-12] Example-34. CH; — 0 — CH “ CH3CH,0H a 70g PATA ATT [Ans: e][CU°11-12, 05-06, 02-03] (@) Saar ANGST (b) CBs FEET (oy sreeatere Tage (a) CORO A Example-35. Fitba Corfe aefbaret MRCTA FATA AT? [pu'10-11) (a) CH; — CH = CH — C,H (b) CH; CHOHCOOH (©) CeHs — CH = CHCHOHCOOK (@) CoHsCHBrCH, Sol": (a); CH3 — CH = CH — CoH 4 Gm @RareT aA AZ) a Vo RTTpach THA LTS ROI ere A (i) AA STE Gi) Frew rere gan SMT TRA HTS eT ter RRP eH He HAIG CM ME ROT ALM A ASTOTTY H ere Me aa CT TS T CO TT cc iy A. :ci Grits se 396 Kmol-* ¢ fe-cafearia: cers FART TA NH SHLAA LM eo PACT TA HS AAT ST HTC A AT CaS (free radical) 1 ‘Baraat: (i) eTReT e-ca TT, « CH, ; (i) Gin fap-caferre, «C) ‘Bene: ARCTE THA ASA 6 B aA ATES FRE saTeeTA NAT eT (< 0.5) arn rere er TATA ITT ASTER raat Praacet ae cafare Bee aT \ Aoi eB TES Ae +B CleieCl EP Cle + oCl + Re-cafentcera afr: @ He ere a fe cafe Sera era aa Fe, regs a Sra ereon MA AT, THAT A FACTS RAIA racer an fea 4 re Frere fet (b) fe cafeermreren afeen 6 rea (© BR Berm Rema AeA TA TH e-cafoT, Te, STH aL CAC CT RAD RAAT TS He RATT CAS fn TTC AACE THA TOA CA AGA Gilt HE ITA faranftcacert BPRICGTOPT: «CH < eGHl2R < *CHR2 < #CRatt >fRPTER TPH: «CH > eCHR> *CHR2 > *CRs ‘aftoga ae are aiftenoR aa faeiate aT maT oaaignen wie operons ey MCB Le TaCA Fae FRET RH a ACTA THA STATA ATCA A BCS BI THR ARTA AH OLA STE AOA STATS A FST TA ann BR araet fre Rene weet ec RT AT CATT AC TATA COPA A, TAA: (9) archaea ary aT TCA: ‘eres a Be MT DHS TA HOT CLK CTH X (Kam oiyS HATGHET C.aH HTH APH RA) ‘aacsifamN SIA BIPICGA A: *CHy < 1° < 2° < 3° AAR ARPTOHA GH: *CHy > 1° > 2° > 3° ‘efi ae rte ETON eH AAS BT (ra: ardor Ba ae BITS SET SOA CL Z > C+ Zé (29a HRS TTC C aa OCT FH Ba) “aren ecg UPR: “CH, > 1° > 2° > 3° AAR ARPTOMN UA: “CHy < 1° < 2° < 3°re areca afb at Ao ot EN CEN TM SEER FER FT A ace encase fre cw AC" a oes “SHA FT SET SFT Beg omnes Seon? 4 aRENaTa Rone + ARCH > Bere ‘aera Fereracen ergfion Boa fea wen ea HAIG APACS SICTIOAT FT SAI @ Rene a RoR eH fees. (b RBReMe aT HOA Te ere (o) Rerwcirerreer at era ree ers: ‘Remar ed Reorat awR FRAT Oe AC WTS AS SA I eRe A rae STRETCH ae ARTA AT HM, TAAL AOC A VTA OTH RE Ae rma ARMTRSTCS E A THT aT A RAHAT YH | AAT SPLAT eter Ree a (sores Rerretinetee (): at omege onegS eA cH. CH, Br*, H*,H,0+,NO,,No Zorn, (i) sets Reece (E): co ag co MTT BT ee AT; Fy AA CATT aS Feat TACT aa AI a RRA HC HLT TAT BUS AF ICH CHA: AICI, BF, FeCls, S05 27—f61 () Rbirewteer at RefFUPT erst feetTe: Re Greer ed FISKE ores ot ee, Ferme cr Frac ASSN at ATS OES ere A ere RE aC rae FARPHTAT RETRO HIM ATS ACH, ICHAT RRS aT cra rare aT AONE AMTATSTE Nu Sal STM FH Wi GH, MVPS Yereta; COTA MaTere AVGPSwIT ¢ eo ‘FeiPera © Sore A PeaTR (Nur): a we OI eA co: CH, 1 CN, : OH, OR Ben 7) seen ARERR (Nu): ca FRE cr TES Rist Real COTS IC: Re CHT OTE Dre atc AT OPA: Hs, H~O—-H, R-O—H Reni Example-36, Frega Corte sco feo -A? [GS1’20-21, DU'15-16, 12-13] (@) cHy (b) (CHa).C+H (©) H2c* ~ cH, (4) (CH)3C* Sol": (d); QfICGA TR: 3° > 2°> 1°> CH) ° ° sey Example-37, aie RerecarreA? (pu'17-18), (@) PHs (o) #0 Br, (NH, Sols (); SEF ACHETER HS BF, a ora of orate acae Example-38, @HtAICa AS AfarIOTA aH TAB? (@) “CH > “CHR, > “CHAR > ~CR, (©) “CRs > “CHR > “CHR, > “CH, fans: 4} U7) (&) “CH, > ~CH,R > ~CHR, > “CRs (@) “CR > ~CHR, > “CHR > ~CH3sie STRAT ATA ALES CoHan yg | SOMATA R — H,R— RGA, R— RIM SOM aT A GHA, RAR’ AT (fon fon Sorte shot Fo! a eT 4 SHAS ATR ARS TM: (p Boer Fa: 2R—K-+ 2Na > R—R+ 2NaX J [Na 8g Sifts afaeu Ae ATOTOA O, a ATC 2CH,CHaCI+2Na > CH; —CHz ~CH2—CH3 + 2NaCl falter wa fog ow Baca Ice Sea AT TS ow Sars ae Baye BAF] OR BIA A POY FET MTA UIC Been Sees mee BHA areTg Tae, FAferuced td ARITA Ret, ARATE TAB SOIT CSA ST IH AH ITARY URTEA FAG sae AeA «a Fra rafiear Sora TRCN He aaa FA AO ‘FRCS AAT STFA COTE BOON BU TAA: 3R—X + 3R'—X + 6Nas 6NaX + R-R+ R'-R'+ R-R ‘3CHy1-+ 3CHy — CHpI + 6Na— CH, ~ CHy + CH, ~ CH —CH, — CHy + CHs —CH, ~ CH + 6Nal ue ‘et each aR ROTLA, Ber Feb Feliu aa CRE a ISS aT eT cust + (O)- 1+ Na+ {O>- cis + Nal (i feerafaecer Fate: R—COONa + NaOH(Ca0) 5 R=H + NaxC03(Ca0) CHCH,COONa +NaOH(Ca0) 5 CHs=CH, + Na,C03(Ca0) Na-conencance ee RH BHD TTS AOS APG a ITAT BA HE Ae ARPES em Fema eceT FAfaraT eae CaO ATTA ‘Frere Roca ATH ACH NaOH CH OF ATT (Gi) TR PRATT CAL RCRA ACTA FTA: Ni () wares ceca: RCH = CH, + Hz ER CHz — CHs Nt (8) orereRa cece: R— C = CH + 2H2 at R— CH2 — CHa iv) ererarter reraowe Feta cee: Zn @ HCL aa ARPATT Beery STATA VRC AT STMT HR TMAH FATS Hea TCA NSA AAT zn R= X (Oplereidet BITES) +2[H] FR - H+ HX, [z= + 2HCI—> ZnCl, + ati] (v) fran Reertare cate: ‘airs france cae Freee act SUTETCAA Beets BI R— MeX + HzO > R—H + Mg(OH)XUae es (vi) Core ecarE: 9 rafece arefiaiee aFICER Naik ARC ap Ac fps CHT OT STASI ae, Benet a 2CH; — COONa + ri peciaaed CH; — CH; + 2CO, + 2NaOH +H, Sy Ca <9 Fase HIB etcetera CH eIT CH — COONa = CH - COO™ + Nat ‘SUICATS wfpenta: 2CH, — COO- - 2e~ = CH — CH, + 2CO, ‘SITS WARERTA: 2Nat + 2e~ = 2Na ; 2Na-+ 2H;0 = 2NaOH + Hy (vit) corcarer secatee: SIR 200°C wiaTaTE Bes CeANe ereracea era METS —10atm BI CO 7 He tre, SAT Oar ETT fies eo aT fe we car rca HU PN BTA SCHTBAM CO May IM 00°60 nCO + (2n+1)H, Colagsa, + 08,0 So, . “Serer Fa: ere ef, cr a ASST HEH ITEC Acton er O1. Sorescra efeRter fie: Sarre effegrts Fem Sn (R — H) am ee a ace — ora en oma a TIT @ ARRETIE (—NO,) UT aifoehe eH AGH att ab wa RIGICO TY BAT RH ae Brats feu RASICe INCREAS TCA TH HMST, R— H oH MCE Wal SORTS SHELeTTA AR aT 92. SORT SIC: ea piiencen Before CH, SETH Cla Frat H oreary eoePr me adm Aicarales (Cd) Bee RH CH, + 4C1, = co, 4 arc ‘SUIT H— “ARI SMF Ide MH eran edhe, 1°, 2° 3° arden wom fsa wag SE FON AS H aI 2° BS $e eT OTT H RATT TT AR ART TNT CRT Cr META AM: Cl > Bry eR ICME a STR aE AE AT SUPP CTS H TAT SST CrT ARTETA ET: 3° > 20S 1°> CH, —H 03. Frrrafie efaruin sorcarcabaat fetem: HS eae ARH MAS STATA 500° — 600% wera PI ‘Beif¥fSrw 40 — 50 atm bie Cafe a Cane eae afer: Pas) Als t, Al. Gt FART Cr; AT V20s ALO a oy CH EF eu aios bi jee HT aio, #C 300 a PLA, FT HC, CH We cu am The Nat,7 \cu,7 Ce a me J 1 ieee Ried ‘cH cies SRRETS, n LH CAF BARA AT n THA caer RAE eR I spores Sofefere Ie Fran PRET cice eMC Beara eran a feAce SAAR ‘fareafie aieat (reforming) 1 etSATS 23 FH : TIAT-O} 04, STRAT APRA: R se LE HO}- No," R-No, +1,0 stars CH ~ EHO] —vo, Clip = NOs +120 05, srercarera wHAte Fcarera: ‘Bw bret (3 atm) @ Bw WIAA 500° — 800°C wm ART BTSTERAA SMeoCS STACEATe Bae sae FTA THR Cos FCAT aS 6 ATCT TH WY BPE ea mM FAfEPMIES Pyrolysis AI Thermal cracking WAI 500% 3CH;—CH3 —> 2CH, = CH, + 2CH, +H, Is — CH i CH Ly + Ha 2CHs ~ CH, —CHy “SH, — cH = CH,+CH, = CH + CH, +H, is — CH, —CHy “5 cH, — cH = = + 5 ls tC CHa + CHa + Ha Bey ALO, SAT Sid, steracea Bafkfore woreaaa eereda rte fate FAST eTATAT GUA 400°C — S00°C sia AAT ACB | SISTA Coat Bast wre fAfeaT WOT! ABT Catalytic cracking 711 06, SCRA HANIA: . q ‘Sate AlCl; @ HCI shea fietera Bafeferw 250° — 300°C SATAY n-SHTCHAM AATLFAT BT ATES SPICER AAAS BA CTA: CH; Sys eae = 0H SS cH ba —CHs iso — fRBiEF Example-39. A Chiao seca aN BAMA TATA aT A? [3018-19] (a) Na,Sn03 (b) SiCl, (©) Pb(C,Hs)4 (@Na,Si0, Sol: (6); SCBCIA AI CHNCA ARH All H- Ph(CpHs),, Pb(CH3)4, Fe(CO); 2X CoHs CH Example-40. Boe fefarara THOTT CHM MATA STTTCA Bey BA? [Ans; b] [JU°18-19, RU'18-19] Oe (0) Bea (ORI Oe aT Example-41. cori Ga (Wurtz) faftrarm Beare Bea A? [Ans: d] [KU"18-19] @) CHI (©) CH,CH,Br (©) (CHs),CHCH,] (@ (CH) ,¢Br Example-42. {Secor Faerraet Bat BA MT ROS PACHA CHA CAT Beet aT AL? [Ans: b] [RU'1S-16] (a) SoreCeTeT (b) SOTA (©) Ret (@) couA Example-43, coca GUA MAES AW 25% n CLA MAE 75% SRT Aetess Aw VT Oreeer A Tena Seba ea A {Ans: e] [KU%14-15] (25 () 100 (75 (178 Example-44. SUTeICeCA AMA ACES [Ans: b] [CU"12-13, 11-12, 03-04] @ Cylon ©) CyHanve (©) CoHan-1 (2) CaHanex | Bxampte-45. gift corsa afc zr4 ara Bore CaAAE? [Ans: a] [RU’08-09] @ Gua rs CAP Fat (©) wit ster © Sire (a) Frere fa] 8 afarec etorca Freya tert... 4ee cr cay qe © Fat AES; SURCTE A ACS Cyan AT TM CM Me A MT MIC ATMS EE eH * Sorferra Ber: © engiss Bex: Somer ae Ber eo co Pet eRe a ar RPT CHCA CCR RRs SRS SM AT PH ae RCA ME CEM “ATT” CE TE oy, @ SoreReers orn oer: Se SIRT © Het BR SITE COOH RE SIME @ STMFET Bee EPEC Oy en ‘ARSE (thermal cracking) 41 ‘SRDS SIU (catalytic cracking) rei alah TEMA SOTA ER Beer ey BAL 8 eraARCS STTRT ces ca 3a ITAL STAC (CO: CoHy, CoHe,CyHg) felt er am eRe Serena mer een ey erora Fe cae eS BoM STAT AT ATT freee or arty contra re cecaten wer ergoe re SEES TO ry reer Cert Re eo oT ano CalHe(a) = Hac eth CsHa(@) HC = CH +. CH,(g) CaHa(g) — HyC- CH= CH, + Ha(g) [— Collie + CH, Cy] RT ae — Cio + CuHy fiber Rete CroHa2 —> Colas + CoH, CR wR 6 soIafecra Frome ref: © SOPRA cae: OUTER TR: Beer aT 350°C Bern emery eraacoa Bor fica race ene ea fae oot Beet a omc SIT Rae Racca Te a nO, CHsCH,OH "2 cH, = Sie + 0 SS. =