Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HISTORICAL MAPS
The historical maps in this page are for the most part versions of some of the maps I have prepared for teaching purposes
in my various courses. The level of detail and accuracy in any one map depends on the author's perceived necessities and
priorities, source materials, and personal level of expertise in each particular case. Inevitably, as all too common with
historical maps, many of these maps are (or started out) based on pre-existing versions from a variety of sources; I have
attempted to investigate and verify points of doubt or discord wherever possible. Occasionally existing maps are revised
to reflect additions or corrections, and new maps are added to this page. Given proper attribution, these maps may be
used freely for non-commercial educational purposes.
NOTE: Following the site migration to the New Google Sites, map images appear to display at a resolution significantly
lower than that in which they were saved and uploaded, which becomes apparent when attempting to zoom in.
Download the file to view it in the original resolution of the uploaded version.
Maps of the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean during the Bronze Age
Ancient Mesopotamia: detailed Reference Map (with Bronze and early Iron Age named sites)
Ancient Egypt: detailed Reference Map (with Bronze and early Iron Age named sites)
Ancient Egypt and Nubia: larger detailed Reference Map (with Bronze and early Iron Age named sites)
The Ancient Near East c. 2250 BC (Akkadians, Egyptians, and sources of long-distance trade imports)
The Ancient Near East c. 1350 BC (the World of the Amarna Letters)
The Aegean c.1300-1200 BC (the Mycenaen World between Mythology and History)
The Ancient Near East c. 1250 BC (the World of Rameses II and the International System of the Late Bronze Age)
The Sea Peoples in the Eastern Mediterranean c. 1200 BC (compare to the Returns from Troy map below)
Israel and Judah c. 880 BC (the fragmentation of the United Monarchy according to the Old Testament)
Maps of the Ancient Greek World and Persian and Hellenistic Empires
Greece and the Aegean: detailed Reference Map (with approximate regional divisions within Greece and select later
Roman and Byzantine sites and/or names)
"Mycenaean" Greece in the Late Bronze Age (major Mycenaean remains in red; Hittite names in blue)
"Mycenaean" Greece in the Late Bronze Age (with toponyms attested in Egyptian and Hittite sources)
"Mycenaean" Raids before the Trojan War (according to the Ancient Greek traditions)
The Returns from Troy (according to the Ancient Greek tradition; compare to the Sea Peoples map above)
Greek Migrations at the End of the Bronze Age (according to the Ancient Greek traditions)
Dialect displacement in Greece at the End of the Bronze Age (according to Finkelberg's Greeks and Pre-Greeks)
Survivors and Newcomers in the Aegean at the Beginning of the Iron Age
Greek Dialects c. 800 BC
The Persian Empire c. 500 BC (Satrapies, tributaries, and the Royal Road)
Egypt during the Ptolemaic and Greco-Roman Period (reference map of major sites)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 240 BC (reference map of major sites during the Ptolemaic preeminence)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 200 BC (reference map of major sites during the Antigonid intervention)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 195 BC (reference map of major sites during the Seleucid preeminence)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 183 BC (reference map of major sites after the Peace of Apamea)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 120 BC (reference map of major sites after establishment of the Province of Asia)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 85 BC (reference map of major sites during the Mithridatic Wars)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 63 BC (reference map of major sites after the Settlement of Pompey)
Anatolia (Asia Minor) c. 31 BC (reference map of major sites after the Settlement of Antony)
Maps of the Mediterranean World during the Roman Period and Late Antiquity
The Mediterranean in 264-241 BC (Rome and Carthage during the First Punic War)
The Mediterranean in 241-218 BC (Rome and Carthage between the First and Second Punic War)
The Mediterranean in 218-168 BC (the Second Punic War and its aftermath)
The Mediterranean in AD 14 (Roman imperial and senatorial provinces at the death of Augustus: simpler map)
The Mediterranean in AD 14 (Roman administrative divisions and centers, with later expansion: larger map)
The Mediterranean in 235 (Roman administrative divisions and centers: larger map)
The Mediterranean in 305 (Roman dioceses at the abdication of Diocletian: simple map)
The Mediterranean in 305 (at the End of the First Tetrarchy, 293-305: simple map)
The Mediterranean in 306 (at the End of the Second Tetrarchy, 305-306: simple map)
The Mediterranean in 311 (after the death of Galerius, 311-312: simple map)
The city of Rome in 312 (at the victory of Constantine I; showing known public buildings, monuments, bridges, the
Aurelian Walls and the approximate extent of the 14 regions)
Aurelian Walls, and the approximate extent of the 14 regions)
The Mediterranean in 313 (first division of the Roman Empire between Constantine and Licinius, 313-316: simple map)
The Mediterranean in 317 (second division of the Roman Empire between Constantine and Licinius, 317-324: simple
map)
The Mediterranean in 337 (division of the Roman Empire among the sons of Constantine, 337-340: simple map)
The Mediterranean in 395 (Roman administrative divisions and centers: larger map)
The Mediterranean in 395 (Roman dioceses at the death of Theodosius I: simpler map)
The Mediterranean in 395 (Roman praetorian prefectures at the death of Theodosius I: simpler map)
The Mediterranean in 395 (division of the Roman Empire at the death of Theodosius I: simpler map)
The Mediterranean in 500 (Barbarian Europe and the Byzantine Empire: very simple map; compare Barbarian Europe
maps below)
The Mediterranean in 565 (Justinian's Reconquests: very simple map; compare Barbarian Europe maps below)
The Mediterranean in 565 (Roman administrative divisions and centers: larger map)
The Mediterranean in 600 (before the Islamic Conquests: very simple map; compare Barbarian Europe maps below)
Caucasia in the Fourth Century (focusing on Armenia and its gradual loss of territory to Rome, Sasanid Persia,
Georgia/Iberia, and Caucasian Albania)
The Sasanid Persian Empire c. 300-500 (expanding in the west but contracting in the east)
The Sasanid Persian Empire c. 500-590 (the Sasanid resurgence of the 6th century)
The Sasanid Persian Empire c. 590-628 (during the great war against the Eastern Roman Empire)
Environs of Constantinople (Constantinople and the Straits during the Byzantine Period)
Barbarian Europe c. 450 (before the death of Attila, with areas overrun by the Huns in the period c. 441-453)
Barbarian Europe c. 602 (before the collapse of the Roman Danube and Eastern frontiers)
The British Isles c. 500 ("Arthurian" Britain: simple map; compare Britannia in c. 510 map above)
The British Isles c. 600 (on the eve of the first Anglo-Saxon conversion to Roman Christianity: simple map)
The British Isles c. 700 (the Anglo-Saxon "heptarchy" under Mercian dominance before the Viking raids and settlement:
simple map)
The Mediterranean in 750 (the end of the Umayyad Caliphate; very simple map)
The Mediterranean in 840 (the Carolingian Empire before the Treaty of Verdun; very simple map)
Lombard Italy c. 752 (the expansion of Lombard rule in Italy from to 752)
Medieval Europe in 750 (before the accession of Pippin the Short and the Carolingian Dynasty)
The Frankish Empire in 814 (expansion of the Carolingian Empire from Charles Martel to the death of Charlemagne)
The Frankish Empire in 814 (the Carolingian Empire at the death of Charlemagne; projected partition among his sons in
806)
The Frankish Empire in 817 (the Carolingian Empire under Louis the Pious; projected partition among his sons in 817 and
829)
The Frankish Empire in 876 (after the death of Louis the German)
Medieval Europe in 890 (after the final disintegration of the Carolingian Empire in 887, and the advent of the Magyars)
Medieval Europe in 912 (after the end of the German Carolingians and of Great Moravia, and the full establishment of
Rus')
Medieval Europe in 930 (the beginning of German expansion eastward and of the Byzantine reconquest of Anatolia)
Medieval Europe in 950 (before the Holy Roman Empire, the final unification of England, and the defeat of the Magyars)
Medieval Europe in 973 (after the inauguration of the Ottonian Holy Roman Empire and the full establishment of Poland)
Medieval Europe in 1000 (after the end of the French Carolingians and the apex of the Umayyad Caliphate in Spain)
Medieval Europe in 1020 (after the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria, the full establishment of Hungary and the apex of
early Poland)
Medieval Europe in 1035 (high point of the Holy Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire, early Denmark, and Navarre;
final dissolution of the Umayyad Caliphate in Spain)
France in 1032 (the royal domain and feudal principalities on the death of Robert II)
Holy Roman Empire in 1045 (with territorial changes in the 10th and 11th centuries)
Southeastern al-Andalus (Andalusia, the core of Muslim Spain in the Middle Ages)
Southeastern Europe c. 950 (Byzantium, the Slavs, Magyars, and Pechenegs, based on Constantine Porphyrogenitus' De
administrando imperio)
The Vikings c. 1000 (Viking and Rus' settlement and raids in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea)
Caucasia c. 999 (the Armenian and Georgian Bagratids and the renewal of Byzantium's eastwards expansion)
Caucasia c. 1040 (the Armenian and Georgian Bagratids and the continuation of Byzantium's eastwards expansion)
Caucasia c. 1064 (the Armenian and Georgian Bagratids and the Byzantine Empire before the Battle of Manzikert)
The Muslim East in 1096 (at the beginning of the First Crusade)
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The Eastern Mediterranean in 1096 (at the beginning of the First Crusade)
Outremer in 1143 (before the fall of Edessa; with a selective correspondence of site names)
Outremer in 1189 (after the first fall of Jerusalem and before the Third Crusade)
Outremer in 1198 (after the Crusade of 1197 and before the Sixth Crusade)
Outremer in 1243 (after the Crusades of Thibaud of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall and before the second fall of
Jerusalem)
The (projected) partition of the Eastern Empire (Romania) in Autumn 1204 (between the emperor, the Crusaders, and
Venice)
The Latin Empire in 1228 (on the death of Robert I of Courtenay; during the supremacy of Theodoros of Epirus)
The Latin Empire in 1237 (on the death of Jean of Brienne; during the supremacy of Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria)
The Latin Empire in 1255 (during the period of Nicaean supremacy, after the death of Ioannes III Doukas Batatzes)
The Latin Empire in 1261 (after the restoration of the Eastern Roman Empire at Constantinople under Mikhael VIII
Palaiologos)
The Baltic in 1300 (after the Baltic Crusades and the emergence of Lithuania)
The Baltic in 1450 (before the final decline of the Teutonic Order)
Medieval Sicily (under the Hauteville, Hohenstaufen, Angevin, and Aragonese kings)
Europe and the Mediterranean in 1054 (at the time of the Great Schism) (large file)
Europe and the Mediterranean in 1240 (during the Mongol Invasion) (large file)
Europe and the Mediterranean in 1350 (on the eve of the Ottoman Invasion) (large file)
The Western Schism in 1395 (Rome vs. Avignon, before the Council of Pisa)
The Western Schism in 1410 (Rome vs. Avignon vs. Pisa, before the Council of Constance)
The Iberian Peninsula in 1462 (before the conquest of Granada; towards the end of the Spanish and Portuguese
Reconquista)
Maps of the Mongol World Empire and East, Southeast, and South Asia after c. 1200
The Mongols in the early 14th Century (division of the Mongol State)
Mongol China (Yuan China in c. 1290; Mongol attacks on Burma and Japan)
Southeast Asia (Indochina in c.1290; Mongol attacks on Annam, Champa, and Burma)
India and South Asia (chief Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim powers c. 1290)
The Aztec Empire in 1518 (on the eve of the Spanish conquest)
Anahuac (the Valley of Mexico) in 1518 (on the eve of the Spanish conquest)
The Inca (Inka) Empire in 1532 (on the eve of the Spanish conquest)