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 C O N T E N T S
B

Maps and Battle Plans    xiii

Preface   xiv
New to the Fourth Edition    xv
Translations Used by Permission    xvi
Timeline   xviii

Introduction  1
A Bird’s-Eye View of Greek History   1
Sources: How We Know About the Greeks   4
Retrieving the Past: The Material Record 5
Retrieving the Past: The Written Record   6
Periodization  7
Frogs Around a Pond   8
City-States  8
Greek City-States  9

C h a p t e r O n e B
Early Greece and the Bronze Age   12
Domestication  17
Sources for Early Greek History   17
The Land of Greece   18
Greece in the Early and Middle Bronze Ages (c. 3000–1600 BC)  22
Minoan Civilization  26
Greece and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age (1600–1200 BC)  34

vii
 The Years of Glory (c. 1400–1200 BC)  38
The End of the Mycenaean Civilization   51

C h a p t e r Tw o B
The Early Iron Age (c. 1200–750/700 BC)  56
Sources for the Early Iron Age  57
Decline and Recovery, Early Iron Age I (c. 1200–900 BC)  59
The New Society of Early Iron Age II (900–750/700 BC)  64
Revival (c. 900–750 BC)  69
Homer and Oral Poetry   71
Homeric Society  73
Community, Household, and Economy in Early Iron Age II   84
The End of Early Iron Age II (c. 750–700 BC)  88

C h a p t e r T h r e e B
Archaic Greece (750/700–480 BC)  101
Sources for the Seventh and Sixth Centuries   104
The Formation of the City-State (Polis)   105
Government in the Early City-States   107
Emigration and Expansion: The Colonizing Movement   110
Economic and Social Divisions in the Early Poleis   116
Hesiod: The View from Outside   120
The Hoplite Army   124
The Archaic Age Tyrants   126
Art and Architecture   130
Lyric Poetry  135
Philosophy and Science   142
Panhellenic Religious Institutions  145
Relations Among States   148

C h a p t e r F o u r B

Sparta  154
Sources for Spartan History and Institutions   154
The Early Iron Age and the Archaic Period   158
viii
viii
 The Spartan System   162
Demography and the Spartan Economy   173
Spartan Government  176
Sparta and Greece   180
Historical Change in Sparta   181
The Spartan Mirage in Western Thought   183

C h a p t e r F i v e B
The Growth of Athens and the Persian Wars   186
Sources for Early Athens   186
Athens from the Bronze Age to the Early Archaic Age   187
The Reforms of Solon   192
Pisistratus and His Sons   197
The Reforms of Cleisthenes   202
The Rise of Persia   206
The Wars Between Greece and Persia   209
The Other War: Carthage and the Greek Cities of Sicily   227

C h a p t e r S i x B
The Rivalries of the Greek City-States and the Growth
of Athenian Democracy  231
Sources for the Decades After the Persian Wars   232
The Aftermath of the Persian Wars and the Foundation
of the Delian League   234
The First (Undeclared) Peloponnesian War
(460–445 BC)  241
Pericles and the Growth of Athenian Democracy   244
Literature and Art   248
Oikos and Polis   257
The Greek Economy   270

C h a p t e r S e v e n B
Greece on the Eve of the Peloponnesian War   277
Sources for Greece on the Eve of the War   277

ix
 Greece After the Thirty Years’ Peace   279
The Breakdown of the Peace   282
Resources for War   287
Intellectual Life in Fifth-Century Greece   288
Historical and Dramatic Literature of the Fifth Century   291
Currents in Greek Thought and Education   303
The Physical Space of the Polis: Athens on the
Eve of War   310

C h a p t e r E i g h t B
The Peloponnesian War   325
Sources for Greece During the Peloponnesian War   326
The Archidamian War (431–421 BC)  327
The Rise of Comedy   338
Between Peace and War   342
The Invasion of Sicily (415–413 BC)  345
The War in the Aegean and the Oligarchic Coup at Athens
(413–411 BC)  351
Fallout from the Long War   357
The War in Retrospect   364

C h a p t e r N i n e B
The Greek World of the Early
Fourth-Century  369
Sources for Fourth-Century Greece   370
Social and Economic Strains in Postwar Greece    371
Law and Democracy in Athens   382
The Fourth-Century Polis   388
Philosophy and the Polis   392

C h a p t e r T e n B
Philip II and Macedonian Supremacy   409
Sources for Macedonian History   409
Early Macedonia  410

xx
 Macedonian Society and Kingship   411
The Reign of Philip II   415
Macedonian Domination of Greece   426

C h a p t e r E l e v e n B

Alexander the Great   434

Sources for the Reign of Alexander   436
Consolidating Power  437
From Issus to Egypt: Conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean
(332–331 BC)  449
From Alexandria to Persepolis: The King of Asia
(331–330 BC)  452
The High Road to India: Alexander in Central Asia   455
India and the End of the Dream   460
Return to the West   463

C h a p t e r t w e l v e B
Alexander’s Successors and the Cosmopolis   470
A New World   470
Sources for the Hellenistic Period   471
The Struggle for the Succession   474
The Regency of Perdiccas   474
The Primacy of Antigonus the One-Eyed   476
Birth Pangs of the New Order (301–276 BC)  479
The Place of the Polis in the Cosmopolis   484
The Macedonian Kingdoms   489
Hellenistic Society  494
Alexandria and Hellenistic Culture   496
Ethnic Relations in the Hellenistic World   507

EPILOGUE   515
The Arrival of the Romans   519
A Greco-Roman World   526

xi
Glossary  535
Art and Illustration Credits   548
Index  555
Color plates follow pp. 178 and 386

xii
 M A P A N D B A T T L E P L A N S
B

Mycenaean sites in the thirteenth century BC  42

Greek colonization: 750–500 BC  112
The Athenian Agora in the Archaic period, c. 500 BC, showing the earliest public
buildings  134
Peloponnesus  157
Attica  204
The Persian empire in the reign of Darius   213
The Persian wars 224
The Athenian empire at its height   237
Sicily and southern Italy   278
Alliances at the outset of the Peloponnesian War in 431   284
Theaters of operation during the Peloponnesian War   328
Diagram of Syracuse and Epipolae   348
Macedonia and its neighbors   413
Alexander’s campaign  440
Plan of the Battle of Issus   446
Plan of the Battle of Gaugamela   452
The Greek view of the inhabited world   459
The Hellenistic world   480
The Greek World in the Roman Period   516

xiii
 P R E F A C E
B

T his book is designed to share with readers a rich and complex vision of an-
cient Greece that has been forged by the collaboration of several scholars with
different backgrounds and varying interests. We undertook the writing of the first
edition over two decades ago because of our frustration in the search for a single
volume that provided readers with a comprehensive history of Greek civilization
from its beginnings in the second millennium BC through the Hellenistic era. At
that time it had been more than a quarter of a century since the last attempt to tell
the story of Greece in depth from the Bronze Age though the Hellenistic era. We
hoped that what we wrote would be useful and give pleasure both to the general
reader and to the student who is asked to read it in college. Our intent was to write
a book that was long enough to provide depth and detail, and short enough to
enable the instructor to assign primary sources that would expand the student’s
understanding of a world that is both familiar and alien. It would also incorporate
the fruits of the most recent scholarship, while providing a balance between po-
litical, military, social, cultural, and economic history. The many kind words and
reviews our book received indicated that we achieved our goals.
Scholarship does not stand still, however. Since the publication of the third edi-
tion of Ancient Greece, exciting discoveries have been made in all areas of Greek his-
tory. Incorporating the results of this scholarship in this new edition has been both
challenging and pleasurable. In the process we have reviewed every paragraph,
revised and expanded the suggested readings, and improved the illustration pro-
gram. We have paid particular attention to the finds of underwater archaeologists.
As before, we have profited enormously from the work of innumerable scholars
whose names never appear in our book. We are also greatly indebted to Charles
Cavaliere of the Oxford University Press and his excellent staff for their support
and help; we are very grateful to the following readers who took time out from
busy schedules to examine our work and make numerous useful criticisms and
suggestions: Daniel Christensen, Biola University; Diana Harris Cline, George
Washington University; David Graf, University of Miami; Philip Kaplan, Univer-
sity of North Florida; Elizabeth Kosmetatou, University of Illinois–Springfield;

xiv
Vincent Tomasso. We are equally grateful to the readers of the past who helped
us prepare previous editions.
We must also thank Robert Lejeune, who offered computer assistance when
it was most needed and endured our assorted technoflubs with remarkable pa-
tience; thanks too, again, to Lee Harris Pomeroy for help and advice on the art pro-
gram. Finally, we acknowledge with thanks the publishers who have generously
granted permission to quote from translations published by them. All translations
from Herodotus and Thucydides are from Walter Blanco’s version in the Norton
­Critical Editions of those authors. Similarly, all translations from Xenophon’s
­Hellenica are from John Marincola’s version in the Landmark Xenophon’s Hellenika.
All unattributed translations in the text are by the authors.
The authors would also like to call the reader’s attention to three features of
our book: the timeline at the beginning, which provides a brief but comprehensive
overview of Greek history; the extensive glossary at the end, which provides cap-
sule descriptions of many of the terms that occur in the book; and the color plates,
which bring our readers closer to the physical reality of the remarkable objects and
buildings the Greek created. Abbreviations for standard works follow those used
in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
We are particularly fortunate to have found an expert in the period of Roman
Greece to work with us on this edition of Ancient Greece, Professor Georgia Tsou-
vala of Illinois State University, who has provided a rich account of this important
phase of Greek history. We hope this new edition will, like its predecessor, help
teachers, students, and general readers explore and enjoy the fascinating history
of ancient Greece.

NEW TO THE FOURTH EDITION

• Updated accounts of Bronze and Iron Age Greece
• Improved coverage of Magna Graecia
• Expanded treatment of Roman Greece
• New translations of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
• Other new translations, including recently discovered poems of Sappho
and Posidippus

Jennifer Roberts, New York City Sarah Pomeroy, Sag Harbor, New York
Stanley Burstein, Los Alamitos, California David W. Tandy, Leeds, United Kingdom

xv
 T R A N S L A T I O N S U S E D B Y

P E R M I S S I O N
B

Barker, Ernest, and R. F. Stalley. 1998. The Politics of Aristotle. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Blanco, Walter. 2013. The Histories, from Herodotus: The Histories, Walter Blanco and Jennifer
Roberts, eds., 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton.
———. 1998. The Peloponnesian War, from Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War, Walter Blanco
and Jennifer Tolbert Roberts, eds. New York: W. W. Norton.
Brunt, P. A. 1976. Arrian: Anabasis of Alexander. Vol. I. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge,
MA and London: Harvard University Press.
Burstein, Stanley M. 1985. The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra
VII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chinnock, E. J. 1893. Arrian’s Anabasis of Alexander and Indica. London and New York: G.
Bell & Sons.
Clayman, Dee L. 2014. Berenice II and the Golden Age of Ptolemaic Egypt. Oxford: Oxford Uni-
versity Press.
Dickinson, Patric. 1970. Aristophanes, Plays. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gagarin, Michael, and Paul Woodruff, eds. 1995. “Encomium of Helen,” in Early Greek Po-
litical Thought from Homer to the Sophists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Green, Peter. 1997. The Argonautika: The Story of Jason and the Quest for the Golden Fleece.
Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press.
Hanson, Ann. 1975. “Hippocrates: Diseases of Women 1,” Signs 1: 567–584.
Heisserer, A. J. 1980. In Alexander the Great and the Greeks: The Epigraphic Evidence. Norman:
University of Oklahoma Press.
Jameson, M. 1970. “A Decree of Themistocles from Troizen,” Hesperia 29 (1960): 200–201,
modified by P. Green. 1970. Xerxes at Salamis. New York and London: Praeger.
Kitzinger, Rachel. 2016. Medea, from The Greek Plays, Mary Lefkowitz and James Romm, ed.
New York: Penguin Random House.
Lombardo, Stanley. 1997. Homer, Iliad. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
Lombardo, Stanley. 2000. Homer, Odyssey. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
Marchant, E. C. 1925. Xenophon. Vol. 7, Scripta Minora. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA.

xvi
Marincola, John. 2009. The Hellenika, from The Landmark Xenophon’s Hellenika, Robert B.
Strassler, ed. New York: Random House.
Nisetich, Frank. 2005. The New Posidippus: A Hellenistic Poetry Book, Kathryn Gutzwiller, ed.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2016. Antigone, from The Greek Plays, Mary Lefkowitz and James Romm, ed. New
York: Penguin Random House.
Papillon, Terry L. 2004. Isocrates II. The Oratory of Classical Greece. Austin, Texas: University
of Texas Press.
Parker, Douglass. 1969. Lysistrata, from Aristophanes: Four Comedies, William Arrowsmith,
ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Pomeroy, Sarah B. 1994. Xenophon: Oeconomicus, A Social and Historical Commentary. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
Pomeroy, Sarah B. 2002. Spartan Women. New York: Oxford University Press.
Romm, James. 2016. The Persians, from The Greek Plays, Mary Lefkowitz and James Romm,
ed. New York: Penguin Random House.
Ruden, Sarah. 2016. Agamemnon, from The Greek Plays, Mary Lefkowitz and James Romm,
ed. New York: Penguin Random House.
Saunders, A. N. W. 1975. Demosthenes and Aeschines. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
Scott-Kilvert, Ian. 1960. The Rise and Fall of Athens: Nine Greek Lives by Plutarch. Harmond-
sworth, UK: Penguin.
Sherman, C. L. 1954. Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History. Vol. VI. Loeb Classical Library.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tandy, David W., and Walter C. Neale, trs. and eds. 1996. Hesiod’s Works and Days: A Trans-
lation and Commentary for the Social Sciences (© by the Regents of the University of
California). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Todd, O. J. 1968. Xenophon: Memorabilia and Oeconomicus. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univer-
sity Press.
Verity, Anthony. 2008. Pindar. The Complete Odes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Waterfield, Robin. 1994. Plato. Symposium. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 1998. Plutarch. Greek Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Welles, C. B. 1934. Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period. London: Yale University
Press.
West, M. I. 1991. Greek Lyric Poetry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2005. “A New Sappho Poem.” Times Literary Supplement, June 26.

xvii
 T I M E L I N E
B

Political & Cultural

Period Military Events Social Events Development

7000–3000 Permanent farming Domestication of plants

Neolithic villages and animals; pottery

3000–2100 Social ranking emerges;

Early Bronze Age villages and districts
ruled by hereditary chiefs

2500 Widespread use

of bronze and other
metals in Aegean

2100–1600 2250–2100 Lerna and 2250–2100 Incursions of 2250–2100 Indo-

Middle Bronze Age other sites destroyed Indo-European-speakers European gods intro-
into Greece duced into Greece

1900 First palaces in

Crete

1900 Mainland con-

tacts with Crete and
the Near East

1800 Cretans develop

Linear A writing

1600–1200 1600 Mycenae and other 1600 Shaft graves

Late Bronze Age sites become power
centers; small kingdoms
emerge

xviii

Period
1200–900
Early Iron Age I
(Submycenaean 1125–1050)
(Protogeometric 1050–900)
900–c. 750/00 Early Iron Age
II (Early Geometric 900–850)
(Middle Geometric 850–750)
750/700–480
Archaic Period (Late
Geometric 750–700)
Political & Cultural
Military Events Social Events Development
1490 Mycenaeans take 1500 Tholos tombs
over Crete
1450 Linear B writing
1375 Knossos destroyed 1400–1200 Height of 1400 New palaces in
Mycenaean power and Greece
prosperity
1250–1225 “The Trojan
War”
1200 Invaders loot and 1200–1050 Palace system 1200 Cultural decline
burn the palace centers collapses
1050 Small chiefdoms 1050 Iron technology
established; migrations of
mainland Greeks to Ionia
1000 Dorian Greeks settle 1000 Monumental
in the mainland and the building at Lefkandi
islands
900 Population begins to
increase; new settlements
established; trade and
manufacture expand
800 Rapid population 800 Greeks develop an
growth alphabet; earliest tem-
ples built
776 Traditional date of
first Olympian games
730–700 First Messenian 750–700 City-states 750–720 Iliad and
War; Lelantine War emerge Odyssey composed
750 Overseas colonization 720 “Orientalizing
to the West begins period” in art begins
700–650 Evolution of 700 Hesiod; period of
hoplite armor and tactics lyric poetry begins
669 Battle of Hysiae 670–500 Tyrants rule in
many city-states
continued
xix
 Political & Cultural
Period Military Events Social Events Development

650 Second Messenian 650 Colonization of Black 650 Temples built of

War Sea area begins; earliest stone and marble;
known stone inscription Corinthian black-figure
of a law; “Lycurgan technique
Reforms” at Sparta; the
“Great Rhetra” (?)

632 Cylon fails in attempt Poetry of Sappho,

at tyranny in Athens Alcaeus

620 Law code of Draco in

Athens

600 Lydians begin to mint 600 Beginnings of sci-

coins ence and philosophy
(the “Presocratics”)

582–573 Pythian,
Isthmian, Nemean
games inaugurated

560–510 Peisistratus and Peisistratus expands reli-

his sons tyrants of Athens gious festivals at Athens

550 Sparta dominant in

the Peloponnesus

530 Athenian red-

figure technique

507–501 Cleisthenes insti-

tutes political reforms in
Athens

499 Ionian Greeks rebel Pindar begins to write

from Persian empire

494 Defeat of Argos by Fifth-century rationalists

Peloponnesian League and scientists; Hippo­
in Battle of Sepea crates; advances in medi-
cine; increase in literacy
490 Battle of Marathon 489 Trial of Miltiades

486 Decision to choose

Athenian archons by lot

482 Ostracism of Aristides

xx
 Political & Cultural
Period Military Events Social Events Development

480–479 Battles
of Thermopylae,
Artemisium, Salamis,
Plataea, Mycale; Xerxes
driven from Greece

480–323 Classical style in

Classical Period sculpture
477 Foundation of
Delian League
470–456 Construction
of temple of Zeus at
Olympia
Growth of democracy
in Athens; Themistocles
driven out of Athens,
flees to Persia
464 Helot rebellion in 460s Prominence of
Sparta Cimon
461 Reforms of Ephialtes
at Athens; Pericles rises
to prominence
460–445 “First”
Peloponnesian War
458 Aeschylus’ Oresteia
454 Athenians move
treasury from Delos to
Athens
Flourishing of Greek 451 Pericles carries law
trade and manufacture limiting citizenship at
Athens
Herodotus at work on
his Histories
447–432 Construction
of Parthenon at Athens
Sophists active in
Athens
431–404 Peloponnesian Thucydides begins his
War History
continued

xxi
 Political & Cultural
Period Military Events Social Events Development

429 Death of Pericles 428 Sophocles’ Oedipus

Tyrannus
425 Aristophanes’
Acharnians
423 Thucydides exiled
from Athens
422 Deaths of Brasidas,
Cleon
421 Peace of Nicias
415–413 Sicilian 415 Euripides’ Trojan
campaign Women
411–410 Oligarchic coup 411 Aristophanes’
in Athens; establishment Lysistrata
of Council of 400; regime
of the 5000
407 Ascendance of
Dionysus I at Syracuse
403–377 Sparta the most 404–403 Regime of the
powerful state in Greece Thirty Tyrants in Athens
399 Trial and execution 399–347 Dialogues of
of Socrates Plato; foundation of
the Academy
395–387 Corinthian War Fourth century: Rise of 399–360 Writings of
class of rhetores at Athens; Xenophon
economic inequalities and
social stasis throughout
Greece
377 Establishment of
Second Athenian Naval
Confederacy
377–371 Athens the 375–330 Work of
most powerful state in Praxiteles
Greece
371 Theban victory over
Spartans at Leuctra
371–362 Thebes the 368–348 Aristotle stud-
most powerful state in ies at Academy
Greece

xxii

Period Military Events
359 Defeat of Perdiccas III
357 Siege of Amphipolis
352 Battle of Crocus
Field
348 Capture of Olynthus
340 Athens and
Macedon at war
338 Battle of Chaeronea
336 Invasion of Asia
Minor by Philip II
335 Revolt of Thebes
Political & Cultural
Social Events Development
Serious population
decline in Sparta;
­impoverished class of
“Inferiors” at Sparta;
increasing amount of
property in hands of
Spartan women
359 Accession of Philip II
357 Marriage of Philip II
to Olympias
357–355 Social War
356 Birth of Alexander the 356 Philip II’s Olympic
Great; outbreak of Third victory
Sacred War
355 Demosthenes’ first
speech
347 Death of Plato
346 End of Third 346 Isocrates’ Philippus
Sacred War; Peace of
Philocrates
338 Assassination of 338 Death of Isocrates
Artaxerxes III; foun­
dation of Corinthian
League; marriage of
Philip II and Cleopatra
338–325 Administration
of Lycurgus at Athens
336 Accession of
Darius III; assassination
of Philip II; accession of
Alexander III
335 Destruction of 335 Aristotle returns
Thebes to Athens; founding of
Lyceum
continued
xxiii
 Political & Cultural
Period Military Events Social Events Development

334 Battle of Granicus

333 Battle of Issus 333 Alexander at

Gordium
331 Battle of Gaugamela 331 Foundation of 331 Visit to Siwah by
Alexandria Alexander

330–327 War in Bactria 330 Destruction of

and Sogdiana Persepolis; death of
Philotas
329 Assassination of
Darius III
328 Murder of Cleitus
327–325 Alexander’s 327 Marriage of
invasion of India Alexander and Roxane
326 Battle of the
Hydaspes

324 Exiles decree

323–30 323 Death of Alexander

Hellenistic Period III; accession of Philip III
and Alexander IV

323–322 Lamian War 322 Dissolution of the 322 Deaths of Aristotle

Corinthian League and Demosthenes

321 Invasion of Egypt 321 Death of Perdiccas; 321–292 Career of

Antipater becomes Menander
regent
318–316 Revolt against
Polyperchon
317 Demetrius of
Phaleron becomes
tyrant of Athens
315–311 Four-year war 315 Freedom of
against Antigonus Greeks proclaimed
by Antigonus the One-
Eyed
311 Peace between
Antigonus and his rivals

xxiv
Another random document with
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Heedless Hetty
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Heedless Hetty

Author: Annette Lyster

Release date: August 25, 2023 [eBook #71484]

Language: English

Original publication: London: The Religious Tract Society, 1890

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEEDLESS

HETTY ***
Transcriber's note: Unusual and inconsistent spelling is as printed.
 HEEDLESS HETTY

BY

ANNETTE LYSTER

AUTHOR OF

"KARL KRAPP'S LITTLE MAIDENS," "WHAT SHE COULD,"

"RALPH TRULOCK'S CHRISTMAS ROSES," "THE

RUTHERFORD FROWN," ETC.

London

THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY

56, PATERNOSTER ROW; 65, ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD

 AND 164, PICCADILLY

BUTLER & TANNER,

THE SELWOOD PRINTING WORKS,

FROME, AND LONDON.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER

I. MRS. EYRE WANTS A GIRL

II. LITTLE FLO

III. FLO'S KITTEN

IV. "WHAT'S IN A NAME?"

V. UPS AND DOWNS

VI. MRS. GOODENOUGH'S ADVICE

VII. CHERRIES

VIII. AT THE SEA-SIDE

IX. THE BIG BLACK DOG

X. FORGIVEN
 HEEDLESS HETTY.

CHAPTER I.

MRS. EYRE WANTS A GIRL.

"GOOD-EVENING, Mrs. Hardy," said a pleasant voice, as the

speaker tapped with her hand upon the half-open door of Mrs.
Hardy's cottage.

Mrs. Hardy was a washerwoman, and her visitor knew that

sometimes there was but scant room in her kitchen for strangers;
indeed, she often wondered how the children managed on a wet day,
and how the little ones escaped scalds and burns. However, this
being Friday evening, the actual work was over, and the big deal
table was piled with heaps of snowy linen, which Mrs. Hardy and her
daughter Martha were sorting out and packing in nice large baskets,
ready to be carried home the next day.

"Oh, come in, Mrs. Eyre; you needn't be afraid of the wash-tubs or
the hot irons to-day. We've finished everything, ma'am."

"And such lots of things," said Mrs. Eyre, as she took the seat
offered her by Martha. "I am sure I don't know how you get through it
all, Mrs. Hardy."

"Well, ma'am, it takes a power of method. When I first took up this

business, often I had all the ironing to do on Saturday, or the most of
it; and then 'twas hurry-scurry in the evening to get the things home.
I used to get so worried that I fairly thought I'd die. And one Saturday
morning, who should come in but your good mother, ma'am, that's in
heaven now; and the pleasant way she had. There was I on that
chair in the corner, crying, and all the children crying round me. So
says she, 'My poor Hannah, are you fretting so badly yet?' I dried my
eyes and felt ashamed—for she thought I was crying for my poor
man that had died about a year before; and I had to confess that I
was crying because I didn't see how to get the ironing done. But
indeed I have too much talk—all this don't matter to you."

"Ah, but it does—anything about my dear mother matters to me. Go

on with your work, Mrs. Hardy, and tell me the rest of your story. I'm
very sure she helped you."

"That she did, ma'am. The place was in a mess, with half-done
collars and cuffs on the chairs, and the rector's shirts piled on the
table; some of the linen in the baskets, and more on the stool over
there. Well, not a word did she say about that, though I knew she
saw the untidy way the place was in well enough. Says she, 'The
first thing, Hannah, is to get the ironing finished, and then you and I
will have a talk. Suppose you send the children out, all but Annie and
Matty, who can bring us the hot irons. I am a good ironer, and I'll help
you all I can,' says she; and tucked up her sleeves and went to work
as if she'd done nothing else all her life. So pleasant with the two
girls too, with a word when they brought the irons, that they worked
as willing as possible. And of course I wasn't idle; so, before I
thought it could be done, the clothes were in the basket. Annie and
Matty carried them off; and your dear mother sat down and talked to
me."

"'It's all method, Hannah,' she says. 'People sometimes ask me how
I get through so much work, and am never in a hurry; now it is just
method,' says she. And before she left me she wrote out that paper
that you see on the wall there. See, ma'am. 'Monday, collect the
wash, put the things in soak, and boil such articles as must be
boiled. Tuesday—' You see, ma'am? it's all laid out. 'And make your
girls help you when they come home from school; it will be much
better for them than running about idle; be pleasant with them, and
they will like it well.' Ah, she was a great help to me that day, the
dear lady."

"I think she had a willing hearer, Mrs. Hardy."

"Yes, ma'am, because she had a pleasant, kindly, friendly way. It

wasn't, 'My good woman, your house is little better than a pigsty,' or,
'Hannah Hardy, why don't you manage a little better about your
work?'—not she. Ah, a real lady she was, and a real friend to me."

"But people may often mean very kindly who have not my dear
mother's pleasant ways. That kind of manner is a great gift, but
some people have not got it, and that they cannot help. They must
do the best they can."

"The best they could do, Mrs. Eyre, meaning no offence, would be to
stay at home. Folks are only human after all, if they are
washerwomen; and they have their feelings."

"Miss Posnett was very kind that time I had a bad whitlow," put in
Martha.

"Who's named Miss Posnett?" inquired her mother. "Mind your

manners, Matty, and name no names."

"All this time, Mrs. Hardy, I have not told you my errand here to-day.
You know the doctors say that my little Flora must not be allowed to
walk, or even to stand. She has never been strong since her bad fall.
Neither will they allow her to be drawn about in a little carriage,
because she gets so dreadfully cold. They say she must be carried.
The consequence of this is that I must have a girl to help me, for I
never could carry her—she is light enough, but I am not very strong.
Now I remember what a comfort your Annie was to me during the
short time I had her, and I want to know if you can spare me one of
your other girls. It may be only for a time, for Flora may get well and
strong again, but I would teach her as I taught Annie, and then when
she leaves me she could get a good place, as Annie has done."
"Lady Drysdale says that Annie is a right good servant, and that
even the grand nurse is pleased with her. Well, it would be the
making of Matty, but I can't spare her, and that's the plain truth.
Though I hate refusing you, ma'am."

"But is not Hetty fifteen? Older, I think, than Matty was when Annie
came to me."

"No doubt, ma'am. But Matty was Matty, and Hetty is Hetty. There's a
sight of difference in girls!"

"Mother," said Matty, "I know you could not spare me, and I shouldn't
like to leave you. But if Mrs. Eyre would try Hetty. She is very strong,
and very willing. Fond of children too, and used to them—very good-
tempered Hetty is. Don't give Mrs. Eyre a bad opinion of poor Hetty,
mother, for it's my belief she would do well."

Mrs. Hardy left off working and sat down, in a curiously divided frame
of mind. Hetty had been peculiarly heedless and troublesome that
whole week, and was just now crying in the bedroom behind the
kitchen, after what her mother called "a raking good scolding." It was
hard to keep silence, for she had been very angry, and yet she had a
notion that Hetty might do better away from home, and from all the
temptations to idleness that beset her there. Not that the girl was
exactly idle, for she could work well, and liked to work, but let any
one interrupt her, if it were only a kitten running into the kitchen, or a
noise in the street, and the work was forgotten. Only last night she
had been bringing a hot iron from the fire, when a fiddle struck up a
doleful air outside, and Hetty clapped down the iron on the ironing
blanket and ran out of the house. Mrs. Hardy had been apprised of
her carelessness by the horrible smell of the burning blanket, in
which there was, of course, a big hole. It was the last of many sins,
and no one could deny that the "raking good scolding" was well
deserved.

"Matty, are you in your right mind?" asked Mrs. Hardy.

"Yes, mother. If Hetty was in Mrs. Eyre's service, or carrying Miss Flo
while Mrs. Eyre drew the little carriage, she would be safe enough.
And she would do her best, and indeed, ma'am, Hetty is a good girl.
Mother will tell you, she never was known to tell a lie yet."

"It is true enough," Mrs. Hardy admitted.

"There's not a bit of harm in Hetty. I'll even allow that she means
well. But I couldn't find it in my conscience to recommend you to try
her, ma'am. There's Mrs. Simmons' Emma, she's sixteen, and a
steady girl."

"No, no; I will not have her. I heard Emma Simmons using such
coarse, violent language to her brother the other day. I would not like
my children to hear it."

"You will never hear a bad word from Hetty, ma'am," said Matty. "She
is heedless, she does forget things, I know. But she's a good girl,
that knows the Commandments, and wants to keep them; and
mother knows that too. Will you see her, ma'am? I know she'd do
well with you. Hetty, come here."

The door of the inner room opened—Hetty must have been pretty
close to it. Out she came—a tall, well-made girl, much taller than
neat little Matty. Mrs. Eyre knew her face very well, which was lucky,
for just now any one might have objected to her, as likely to frighten
the children. Her eyes were quite lost in her swollen eyelids and
cheeks, her poor lips were swelled, her whole face was crimson, and
her apron was soaking wet, having been freely cried into. Her stuff
skirt was torn in several places, her calico bodice displayed two
corking pins where buttons were wanting. Her thick, short, brown
hair hung over her forehead; altogether, as she sneaked into the
room and stood, ashamed to look up, she presented a most forlorn
appearance.

"Hetty, did you hear what we were saying?" asked Matty.

"Yes; I couldn't help hearing."

The girl had a very sweet voice, and spoke nicely, Mrs. Eyre
observed.

"You're a nice-looking article to be looking for a situation," remarked

Mrs. Hardy. "Now, how often would you clap the child on the ground
and run off, if you heard the squeak of Blind Davie's fiddle?"

"Mother, sure you know, when the children were little, 'twas always
me that kept them best. I love little children, and I would never hurt
one—and you know that, mother."

"Well, I don't think you would, to say true," answered the mother. "Try
her for a month, Mrs. Eyre, without wages. Washing is a scattery
trade, no doubt—takes a power of method. And Hetty has no
method."

"Oh, do, Mrs. Eyre—please do! If—if—I didn't see—or hear—Oh,

ma'am, do try me! I'll do my best to please you."

"Well, Hetty, I will try you. Come to me on Monday."

"To-morrow, ma'am, if you like. I could have her ready."

"Monday will do. Come early, Hetty. I will try you for a month, and
after that, if you stay with me, I will pay you at the rate of five pounds
a year, paid quarterly, and we will count this first month in your first
quarter. You will have plenty to do, but you look strong and healthy,
so you will not find it too much. But you must try to remember what I
tell you to do."

"I will try, indeed, ma'am. I am real tired of always being wrong."

"Then good-bye until Monday. And don't cry any more, Hetty; crying
never did any good yet. If you will remember that you are one of
Christ's servants as well as mine, and that to please Him should be
your first thought, I am sure you will get over your heedless ways.
Good-bye, Mrs. Hardy. I must go now."
But Mrs. Hardy followed her visitor out of the house and shut the
door.

"I wouldn't let her go to you, ma'am, only I do think she may do well
with you. She is fond of children, and children take to her at once.
My little Bob, that was a sickly baby, was never so good as when
Hetty had him. And I know things go on here that take her mind off
her work. People coming and going, and the door obliged to be kept
open, and all. She may be more correct-like when there's none of
that going on. But don't you be soft with her. She's a girl that takes a
deal of scolding, and I'm just afraid you are not one to give her
enough of it. And if you praise her, ma'am, her head's turned directly.
She's not a bit like Annie; so don't expect it."

"Ah, well, I will try her for a month, Mrs. Hardy. I can promise no
more than that."

"Nor would I ask more, ma'am. Good-bye, ma'am, and thank you. If
you tame our Hetty,—Heedless Hetty, as our boys call her,—I'll say
you could do anything."

"I shall try to make her tame herself, Mrs. Hardy."

"She'll never do that, ma'am."

"Ah, Mrs. Hardy, you don't remember that she will not have to do it in
her own strength. That would be too much for any of us. But think of
the words, 'If any lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth
liberally, and upbraideth not.' My mother said to me once, 'The
difficulty does not lie so much in your faults as in the fact that you do
not see that they are sins; and even when you do see this, you do
not go the right way to be cured of them; for nothing but the love of
God shed abroad in our hearts by His Holy Spirit can cure the least
fault.' But I must really get home now; so good-bye, Mrs. Hardy."

Mrs. Hardy went indoors again. She found that the two girls had
finished putting the things into the baskets, and she did not observe
that Hetty, in the hurry of her mind, had put three heavy sheets on
the top of Miss Posnett's stiff collars and frilled nightcaps. But when
Miss Posnett sent those articles back on Monday, it was well for
Hetty that she was out of the way.

"Hetty," began Mrs. Hardy, "you are in luck for once, and I hope
you're aware of it. Mrs. Eyre ain't rich, but a lady down to her very
shoes, and she'll be kind to you. If you lose this chance, I think you'd
better emigrate to some savage place where folk won't mind your
wild ways; only mind they're no cannibals, for you're plump and
young, and if they found you of no use, they might think it better to
eat you."

"Mother! how can you?" cried Hetty.

"Take off that dress now, and give it a good patching. Matty, look up
all her things; we must mend and wash them. And then I'll go and
buy her some neat aprons. Oh, dear, look at her Sunday frock! Did
you sleep in it, Hetty? Here, Matty—your fingers are cleverer than
mine; mend this, like a good girl. Even if we get her back in a week,
let us send her out decent."

CHAPTER II.
LITTLE FLO.

IF Hetty had been allowed to follow her own way, she would have
gone to Adelaide Terrace at six o'clock in the morning, to show her
zeal, but her mother would not hear of it.
"You'd find her in bed, most likely, and some one would have to get
up to let you in. No; at nine Mr. Eyre goes off to his business, and
you be there soon after nine. Try and keep out of mischief till then—if
you can."

As the clock struck nine, Matty and Hetty set out together, carrying
between them the small wooden, paper-covered box which
contained Hetty's very modest outfit. She could easily have carried it
alone, but Matty thought it looked better between them, and perhaps
was not sorry to make sure that Heedless Hetty went at once to her
new home, and reached it in a presentable state. Hetty had cried, of
course, when saying good-bye to her mother and brothers, but for all
that she was in fine spirits, and full to the lips of the most excellent
resolutions.

"Matty," said she, "you tell Dan that he may leave off calling me
Heedless Hetty. I mean to learn to be a good servant, as Annie did;
and when I come home, it's Handy Hetty that Dan will be calling me."

"Look where you're going! There now! You've stepped into that
puddle—the only one in the road—and dirted your shoe, that Dan
blacked so lovely for you!"

"Oh, so I have! Wait! I must rub it off," cried Hetty, and setting down
her end of the box into the puddle which had already soiled her
shoe, she ran to the side of the road, where she had espied some
grass.

"Well, of all the girls!" said Matty to herself, as she tried to see if the
box was very wet. "Heedless Hetty will suit well enough yet a bit.
Come along; there'll be a scraper and a mat at Mrs. Eyre's, and if I
could see you safe there, I'd be glad."

Hetty came back, looking a little ashamed of herself. She did not
refer to her message to Dan, and in a few moments they reached
No. 1, Adelaide Terrace.
"Set the box down on the step. Give me a kiss, Hetty. Dear heart! Do
try to do well here. Mind, if you don't, even I must allow that it is your
own fault, and you'll never be worth anything if you don't take hold
now and mind what you're about. You've got all your senses like
other girls, and it is high time you began to use them."

"I do try, Matty. I never mean to do wrong. But somehow I do forget

things so easily."

"Because you don't try to keep your mind fixed on what you're doing,
and so you're at the mercy of every little thing that happens. Just
heedless—that's about it, Hetty dear. Do you ever pray to be made
heedful?"

"Oh, Matty! I'd never think of asking such a thing. I pray to be made
good, and holy, and kept from saying bad words, like Emma
Simmons, or stealing, like—"

"Now listen, Hetty. You've no temptations to do those things, thanks

to your good, careful mother. It's just as if a railway man in the
station down yonder should pray that he might not be drowned,
when there is not so much as a pond in the place big enough to hold
him, and never give a thought to the real dangers he lives among.
You pray for what you really want, Hetty. That kind of prayer is only
words. Promise me you will, dear—quick! For I must ring now."

"I'll try. Oh, Matty, whatever shall I do without you? I wish—"

But the door opened, and the figure of an ancient dame, who spent
her mornings in doing Mrs. Eyre's rough work, appeared before
them.

"So here's our new nursemaid," said she, laughing at Hetty's

dolorous face. "Which of you is coming here?"

"This is Hetty," said the elder sister.

"Ah, I wish it was you," was the reply.

Hetty would have felt less abashed had she known that the speaker
would have made the same remark if Matty had been the new maid.

"Good-bye, Hetty. I'll try to see you some evening; but you know we'll
be very busy, wanting your help."

Matty lifted the box into the hall, pushed her sister in very gently, and
went quickly away. Hetty felt and looked very forlorn; and, but for the
amused smile on Mrs. Goodenough's wrinkled face, she would have
begun to cry again. But now a door opened, and Mrs. Eyre, with her
baby in her arms, came into the narrow hall.

"Hetty, how nice and early you have come! Leave your box there for
the present, and come here to Miss Flo; she is very anxious to see
you."

She led Hetty into the parlour, where all her children were
assembled. There were four—two little girls, a boy of about three,
and the baby, who was a boy also.

The eldest girl, whom they called Lina, was a pretty, active, healthy-
looking little maiden, about six years old, very good-tempered, and
very fond of her own way—which, after all, is not a very uncommon
liking. Then came Flora, who was five, but such a tiny creature that it
was hard to believe that she was so old. Little Edgar, the eldest boy,
was quite as big and far heavier than this poor wee fairy. She lay on
a sofa near the window, and her small face, which was usually very
grave and pathetic in its sad patience, was all alive now with anxiety
and curiosity. She had lovely dark eyes and pretty brown curls, but
her face was too white and pinched to be called pretty, though she
had been a lovely baby. She fixed her eyes on Hetty's face, and a
little shy, timid smile crept over her own; then she said, in a soft,
clear little voice,—

"Is this Hetty? Oh, mamma, she looks kind. I shall not be afraid of
Hetty."
She spoke quite plainly and distinctly, much more so than did Lina,
who often gabbled so fast that it was hard to understand her.

"This is Hetty, who will carry my little Flo so safely that there will be
nothing to be afraid of. My little Flo—she likes Hetty, I think."

"I like Hetty. Her eyes look kind. Please, Hetty, stoop and kiss me.
Will you be kind, Hetty, and patient with me? I'm sometimes peevish,
I'm afraid."

"Kind? Oh, Miss Flora, that I will!" said Hetty earnestly.

"But don't cry, Hetty. Why should you cry?"

"Well, miss, you see I've just said good-bye to my sister. But I won't
cry," Hetty answered, with a choke in her voice. The sight of the child
had touched her soft heart.

"Now, Hetty, before you take off your hat, please take Miss Lina to
school. It is close by, and she knows the way. Make haste back, for
Miss Flo is longing to be out in the sunshine."

"So you see, Flo," cried Lina, "after all your saying that Hetty is to be
yours, I am to have her first." And Lina nodded her curly head at the
little one.

"She belongs to me," Flo calmly replied. "But I will not be selfish. You
can have her now."

Lina laughed, and ran off for her hat. All the way to school she
chattered unceasingly, but Hetty had no idea what it was all about.
She had left the child at her school, and was on her way back, when
she met her brother Ned, who was on his way to the shop where he
was errand boy.

"Hilloa, Hetty! Is this you?"

"I've been leaving Miss Lina at school. Oh, Ned, if you only saw Miss
Flo! she's such a little darling."