Polynomials

By: Shikha Agrawal

An Algebraic Expression in which
the variables involved have only
one non-negative integral powers
is called a polynomial
Multiplicationof
Polynomials
 Distribute each term of the first
polynomial to every term of the
second polynomial.
Remember that when you multiply two
terms together you must multiply the
coefficient (numbers) and add the
exponents.

Combine like terms (if you can).

Multiply:
1. 3x2(4x2 – 5x + 7)

12x4 – 15x3 + 21x2

2. 6v(2v + 3)

12v2 + 18v
3. –6xy(4x2 – 5xy – 2y2)

-24x2y + 30x2y2 + 12xy3

4. (3x – 4y)(5x – 2y)

15x2 – 6xy
+
- 20xy + 8y2

15x2 – 26xy + 8y2

5. (x − 3)(6x − 2)
6x2 − 2x
+
− 18x + 6
6x2 − 20x + 6

6. (8x − 2)(6x + 2)
48x2 + 16x
+
− 12x - 4
48x2 + 4x - 4
7. (4x – 5)(2x2 + 3x – 6)

8x3 + 12x2 - 24x

+
- 10x2 - 15x + 30

8x3 + 2x2 - 39x + 30

8. (3x + 2)(4x2 – 7x + 5)

12x3 – 21x2 + 15x

+
8x2 – 14x + 10

12x3 – 13x2 + x + 10
9. (x2 − 7x − 6)(7x2 − 3x − 7)

7x4 − 3x3 − 7x2

+ − 49x3 + 21x2 + 49x

− 42x2 + 18x + 42

7x4 − 52x3 − 28x2 + 67x + 42

Special Products:
Sum and Difference of Two Binomials

(a – b)(a+b) = (a)2 – (b) 2

1. (x + 5)(x − 5) 1. x2 - 25

2. (x - 8)(x + 8) 2. x2 - 64
3. (x – 2y)(x + 2y) 3. x2 – 4y2
 Squares of Two Binomials
(a+b)2 = (a + b)(a + b) = (a) 2 ± 2(a)(b) +(b)2

1. (x − 1)2 = (x)2 ± 2(x)(1) +(1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1

2. (x − 6)(x – 6)2 = (x − 6)2

= (x)2 - 2(x)(6) +(6)2 = x2 - 12x + 36

3. (2x − 5)2 = (2x)2 - 2(2x)(5) +(5)2
= 4x2 - 20x + 25
 Cube of a Binomial:
(a+b)3 = (a + b)(a + b)(a + b) =
(a)3 ± 3(a) 2(b) ± 3(a)(b)2 ± (b) 3

1. (x + 3)3
= (x)3 + 3(x) 2(3) + 3(x)(3)2 + (3) 3

= x3 + 9x 2 + 27x + 27
2. (2x - 5)3

= (2x)3 - 3(2x) 2(5) + 3(2x)(5)2 - (5) 3

= 8x3 - 60x2 + 150x - 125

2. (3x + 7)3

= (3x)3 + 3(3x) 2(7) + 3(3x)(7)2 + (7) 3

= 27x3 + 189x2 + 441x + 343

REMAINDER
THEOREM
 The Remainder Theorem

When we divide a
polynomial f(x) by x-c the
remainder r equals f(c)
The remainder theorem is based on
synthetic division, which is the
process of dividing a polynomial
f(x) by a
polynomial D(x) and finding
the remainder. This is written as ,
where f(x) is the dividend, Q(x) is the
quotient, D(x) is the divisor, and R(x)
is the remainder.
When we divide a
polynomial f(x) by x-
c we get:
f(x) = (x-c)·q(x) + r(x)
But r(x) is simply the
constant r (remember? when we
divide by (x-c) the remainder is a
constant) .... so we get this:
f(x) = (x-c)·q(x) + r
 Illustrative Examples:

1. 2x2 - 5x - 1 divided by x - 3

Equate x – 3 = 0 + 3
x=3
Replace all x = 3
2x2 - 5x - 1

= 2(3)2 – 5(3) - 1

= 2(9) – 5(3) - 1
= 18 – 15 - 1
= 2
2. 2x2 - 5x - 1 divided by x + 4
x+4=0-4
F(c) = -4
= 2(-4)2 – 5(-4) - 1
= 2(16) – 5(-4) - 1
 = 32 – (-20) - 1
= 51

3. f (x) = −x3 + 6x − 7 at x = 2
= -3