BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. PRIMARY SOURCES
I Reports
1. Amnesty International on India – A Report on Torture Rape and Deaths in Custody
(1992).
2. Baxi, P.M., The Law of Rape, Including Position of Child Victims: An Overview,
Report on Seminar on Child Rape, held in New Delhi October 7-8, 1992.
3. Bidwai Praful, Fighting terror, upholding law, the Centrality of human rights,
Compiled by UNDP, Sustainable Development Networking Program (2002).
4. BJS Special report: International Crime Rates, Washington, DC: U.S., Department of
Justice (1998).
5. Central Office of Information, Britain‘s Legal Systems London: HMSO, (1993).
6. Central Office of Information, Criminal Justice, London: HMSO, (1992).
7. Central Office of Information, The British System of Government, London: HMSO
(1992).
8. Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence against Women, General
Recommendation on Violence against Women (Eleventh Session 1992).
9. Compensation for Victims of Crimes of Violence, 4 (1964), Home Office, Scottish
Home & Health Department, Great Britain, 35th General Assembly Session of the
ICPO-Interpol, Berne, (August 1966). 10. Compensation for Victims of Crimes of
Violence, HMSO, Great Britain, (1961).
10. Crime in India 2013. Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
11. International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS), 2000.
12. Korean Women drafted for sexual service by Japan: The Comfort women issues,
General Korean Council for the Women (February 25, 1992).
13. Law Commission of India, 154th Report on Criminal Procedure Report 1973, (1996).
14. Law Commission of India, 172nd Report on Review on Rap Laws, (March, 2000).
15. Law Commission of India, 84th Report on Rape and Allied Offences, (1980).
16. Liberia, Swiss, S., Our Forgotten Family: The Plight of Refugees and the Displaced,
New York: The Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, (1991).
17. Liberia, Swiss, S., Women and Children Gravely Mistreated, Boston, Mass: Physicians
for Human Rights (1991).
18. Lokika Sarkar, Report on National Specialized Agencies and Women‘s Equality,
Centre for Women‘s Development Studies, U.N. Fund for Women, 1988, L.C.1.
19. Muehlenhard, C.L., SIECUS Report, 24(2), (1996).
20. Murray, L., Cohen, Ralph Garofalo, Richard Boucher & Theoharis Seghorn. The
Psychology of Raids, Seminar in Psychiatry, 3 (August 1971).
21. National Centre for Victims of Crime, Statutory and Constitutional Protection of
Victims‘ Rights: Implementation and Impact on Crime Victims, Final Report,
Arlington, VA (1996).
22. Penal Practices in the Changing Society, HMSO, Great Britain (1959).
23. PUCL Bulletin, November 2002.

207
 24. Ramchandran, C., Court procedure, including Evidence on Rape, Report of Seminar on
Child Rape, held in New Delhi on October 7-8, 1992, organised by the NCW, (April
1993).
25. Rape as a Crime, A Medical Perspective, New PHR Report, Published in the Journal of
the American Medical Association (August 4, 1993), Vol. 270, No. 5.
26. Report of the Malimath Committee on reforms of Criminal Justice System,
Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs (March 2003).
27. Report of the Justice Verma Committee on reform of Criminal Justice System,
Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs (2013)
28. Services for Vietnamese Refugees who have suffered from Violence at Sea: An
Evaluation of the Project in Thailand and Malaysia, Geneva, Switzerland, United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (February 1986).
29. Statutory and Constitutional Protection of Victims‘ Rights: Implementation and Impact
on Crime Victims, Final Report. National Centre for Victims of Crime, Arlington, VA,
(1996).
30. Tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of
Offenders, (2000).
31. The 1996 Victims‘ Rights Sourcebook: A Compilation and Comparison of Victims‘
Rights Laws, National Centre for Victims of Crime, Arlington, VA (1996).
32. U.S. Department of State, Country Report on Human Rights Practices: India (2001).
33. World Fact book of Criminal Justice Systems under Grant No. 90BJCX-0002. The
Bureau of Justice Statistics to the State University of New York at Albany (1999).

II News reports
1. 3 paraded naked in Rajasthan, 8 arrested, Time of India, December 1, 2012, New
Delhi.
2. A minor boy raped seven-year-old girl at a Najafgarh Farmhouse, The Times of India,
June 21, 2013, New Delhi.
3. Another rape reported, The Hindustan Times, October 14, 2015, New Delhi.
4. Another woman alleges rape by father in law, The Times of India, July 12, 2012, New
Delhi.
5. Aruna is still on our conscience, The Times of India, August 18, 2015, New Delhi.
6. Attempted Rape Case – Court Raps Cops for shielding facts, Indian Express, February
7, 1992, New Delhi.
7. Bid to Kill witness in Court, man held, The Times of India, August 18, 2015, New
Delhi.
8. Bilkis Rape case – CBI Indict Gujrat Police, The Times of India, February 26, 2005,
New Delhi.
9. Boy Rapes minor girl, The Hindustan Times, March 15, 2012, New Delhi.
10. Cases of Minor rapes top all crimes on kids, The Hindustan Times, May 1, 2013, New
Delhi.
11. Child Rape, The Hindustan Times, October 12, 2016, New Delhi.
12. Cops acquitted, The Hindu, March 18, 2015, Hyderabad.
13. Court hands man one day jail sentence for raping 14 years old, The Times of India,
August 134, 2015, New Delhi.

208
14. Crime against Women is on rise, The Times of India, May 15, 2016, New Delhi.
15. Custodial death abuse of police power rising, The Times of India November 22, 2014,
New Delhi.
16. Delaying verdict amounts to violation of SC order, The Times of India, July 4, 2015,
New Delhi.
17. Every Girl Is a Target, The Hindustan Time, Octobur 19, 2013, New delhi.
18. Failure of the state and society in carrying Out their duties Properly, The Times of
India, August 5, 2014, New Delhi.
19. For village girl, real ordeal begins after rape, The Times of India, April 11, 2014, New
Delhi.
20. Fresher‘s forced into sexual act, Hindustan Times, September 4, 2012, New Delhi.
21. Gang rape victim eyes justice for Gujrat women after ruling, The Hindu, August 9,
2014, Hyderabad.
22. HC Frees Swiss paedophiles, The Times of India, March 26, 2004, New Delhi.
23. Heart break, The Times of India, July 3, 2005, New Delhi.
24. Hell of Dalit Women Exposed Guardian, May 9, 2015, U.K.
25. Helplines set up for Women in distress, The Hindustan Times. August 13, 2016, New
Delhi.
26. Hillary Maxell, India‘s ―Untouchables‖ Face Violence, Discrimination, for National
Geographic News, June 2, 2013.
27. Human Rights Crimes in Kashmir: A Pattern of Impunity, Asia Watch, (June 1993).
28. Identification of rapist by Victim not mandatory: Supreme Court – Times of India, May
1, 2003, New Delhi.
29. Imrana, a mother of five, raped by her father-in-law, The Indian Express, June 15,
2005, New Delhi.
30. Intimate enemy, The Hindu, June 24, 2015, New Delhi.
31. Just Justice, The Times of India, March 14, 2014, New Delhi.
32. Justice Denied meets Justice Delayed, The Indian Express, May 4, 2013, New Delhi.
33. Liberty at stake, Hindustan Times, HT City, September 4, 2012, New Delhi.
34. M. P. Police downplay minor rape by DSP, The Times of India, July 16, 2004, New
Delhi.
35. Magic Bill, Sunday Pioneer, August 28, 2006, New Delhi.
36. Man ejaculated on Women‘s head in cinema hall, Times of India, March 17, 2003,
New Delhi.
37. Man sentenced to death for rape and murder of 18 months old, The Times of India, July
18, 1997, New Delhi.
38. Marital Rape – Exemption or Protection. The Hindustan Times, July 30, 1996, New
Delhi.
39. Minister acquitted from rape charges, Times of India, March 18, 2013, New Delhi.
40. No Justice for Rape Victims, Indian Express, March 4, 1992, New Delhi.
41. Pandey Mani, Incest is ―Extreme case‖ of defiance, The Times of India, New Delhi,
April 23, 1995, New Delhi.
42. Police yet to act in minor‘s rape by uncle, The Times of India, September 24, 2015,
New Delhi.
43. Shukla, Rakesh, Flaw in the law: Custodial rape, inadequate evidence and acquittal,
Info change News & Features, March 27, 2004.

209
 44. Rape accused fined Rs.51, let off, The Times of India, September 6, 2005, New Delhi.
45. Rape Crisis Centre, a Work Shop by the DCW, New Delhi, August 6, 2016.
46. Redefining shared spaces, The Indian Express, June 23, 2005, New Delhi.
47. Report on overhaul of rape laws gathering dust, The Hindu, Tuesday, December 03,
2012, New Delhi.
48. Rwanda, Talking Peace and Waging War: Human Rights Since the October 1990
Invasion, Africa Watch, February 27, 1992.
49. Sebastian, Amnesty report on Custodial Abuses, 27, Economic and Politically Weekly,
Bombay, (1992).
50. Surviving the trauma of rape, The Tribune, November 9, 2013, Chandigarh.
51. Teenager Sodomises, murder friends, The Pioneer, June 21,1997, New Delhi.
52. The Growing Cancer, The Hindustan Times Magazine, October 13, 1992, New Delhi.
53. The Trauma of Rape, The Hindustan Times, October 25, 2012, New Delhi.
54. Toddler, Tihar Jail Inmate Sodomises, The Times of India, December 2, 2014, New
Delhi.
55. Torture Chamber, Sunday, Calcutta 5-11, April 1992.
56. Two get life sentence in Jodhpur rape case, NDTV Correspondent, June 1, 2005
(Jodhpur).
57. Under trials confesses to have sodomised 2 children, The Pioneer, May 29, 1997, New
Delhi.
58. When it is just cold rape, The Hindustan Times, July 30, 1996, New Delhi.
59. Women increasingly unsafe from the law, South Asian Citizens Wire March 9, 2014.

III Statutes
1. The Constitution of India, 1950.
2. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power
1985.
3. Delhi Police Act, 1978.
4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
5. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
6. Penal Procedural Code, 1993, Art. 429 (Spain).
7. The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 2006.
8. The Child Protection Act of 1990, U.S.A.
9. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1993, Ukraine.
10. The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
Punishment, 1984.
11. The Cr.P.C. (Amendment) Act, 2005.
12. The Criminal law (Amendment Act) 2013
13. The Criminal Injuries Compensation, Act 1995 (U.K.).
14. The Law on Judiciary 1993, Ukraine.
15. The Omnibus Crime Control Act, 1990, U.S.A.
16. The Prevention of Child Marriage Bill 2004.
17. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
18. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
19. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.

210
 20. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
21. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013
22. The Victims of Crime Assistance Act, 1996 of Victoria in Australia.
23. The Victims of Crime Assistance Act, 1996, Australia.
24. The Violence Against Women Act, 1991, U.S.A
25. The POCSO (Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences) Act 2012.
26. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act, 2013.

B. SECONDARY SOURCES
I BOOKS
1. Gaur, K.D., ―Text Book on Indian Penal Code‖ 4th Ed. (Universal Law Publishing Company,
New Delhi Reprint, 2011).
2. Adamson Hoebel, The Law of Primitive Man, Cambridge, Mass, U.K., (1954).
3. Alexander, Ellen and Janic Harris Lord, Impact statement - A Victim‘s Right to speak,
A Nation‘s Responsibility to Listen, National Centre for Victims of Crime, Arlington,
VA (1994).
4. Andrew Karmen, Crime Victims: An Introduction to Victimology, (2nd ed.), Brooks
Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, California, (1989).
5. Ann Wolbert Burgess and Lynda Lytle Holmstrom, Rape: Victim of Crisis, Bowie, M.
D: Robert Brady Co., (1974).
6. Barclay, G.C., Tavares, C., & Prout, A., Digest: Information on the Criminal Justice
System in England and Wales, Home Office Research and Statistics Department,
London, (1995).
7. Barkas, J.L., Victims, Peel Press, London,(1979).
8. Barnes, & Teeters, New horizons in Criminology, Prentice Hall, NY,U.S.A., (1959).
9. Benjamin Karpan, The Sexual Offender and His Offences, Julian Press. New York,
(1954).
10. Benjamin Mendelsohn, The Origin of the Doctrine of Victimology, Drapkin and Viano
(ed.), Victimology: A New Focus, Lexington Books, Massachusetts, (1974).
11. Brown miller, Susan, Against Our Will: Men Women and Rape, N.Y., Bantam, (1974).
12. Burgess Ann Wilbert & Holmstrom Lynda Lytle, Rape: Victim of crisis, Bowie, M. D.;
Robert Brady Co. (1974).
13. Carol Adams, Paula Bartley, Hilary Bourdillon and Cathy Loxton, (ed.). From
Workshop to Warfare: The Lives of Medieval Women, Cambridge and London:
Cambridge University Press, (1983).
14. Charles, W., Dean, Mary de Bruyn-Kops, Charles Thomas, C., The Crime and
Consequences of Rape, Springfield, III (1982).
15. Darwin, Charles, On the Origin of Species, (21st Printing), William Benton Publishers,
(1860).
16. Deb, R., Police and Law Enforcement, (2nd ed.) S.C. Sarkar and Sons Pvt. Ltd.,
Calcutta (1988).
17. Dicey, A., Lecture on Relation between Law and Public Opinion in Nineteenth
Century, Transaction Books, New Brownswick, U.S.A. (1981).

211
18. Dobash, R.E. & Dobash, R.P., Women, Violence and Social Change, Routledge,
London, (1992).
19. Edelhertz, & Gilbert Geis, Public Compensation to Victims of Crime, Praeger
Publications, London, (1970).
20. Edwad Shroter, The Making of the Modern Family, Basic Books, New York (1975).
21. Essay on Indian Penal Code, I.L.I., New Delhi (1962).
22. Frederick Pollock, & Frederick Maitland, The History of English Law, (2nd).
Cambridge University Press London, (1968).
23. Fwcett, J.E.S., The Law of Nations, Alien Lane, The Penguin Press, London (1968).
24. Gary Kelly, F., Sexuality Today: The Human Perspectives, (6th Ed.), McGraw Hill
Publications (2000).
25. Geis, F.L., Self-fulfilling prophecies: A Social psychological view of gender, Beall,
A.E., & Steinberg R. J., (ed.), The Psychology of gender Guilford Press, New York,
(1993).
26. Gilbert Geis, Victim Compensation and Restitution, 4 Encyclopedia of Crimes and
Justice 1606, The Free Press, Collier Macmillan Publications, London (1983).
27. Giller, J.E., War, Women and Rape, School of Oriental and African Studies, University
of London, England (1992), thesis.
28. Gunther, Kaisser, Comparative Prospective Concerning in Criminology and Criminal
Justice, in Kirchhoff (ed.). International Debates of Victimology, WSV Publishing
(1994).
29. Heinrich Oppenheimer, The Rationate of Punishment, London, (1913), pp. 162-163.
30. Herman Dianne, F. The Rape Culture (3rd ed.) Prantice Hall Publication (1984).
31. Hermann Mannheim, Pioneer in Criminology (2nd ed.), Patterson Smith Pub. Co.,
Montclair, New Jersey, USA (1972).
32. Impact Statements – A Victim's Right to Speak. ... A Nation's Responsibility to Listen,
National Centre for Victims of Crime, Arlington, VA (1994).
33. Jalna Hanmer, Sheila Saunders, Women, Violence and Crime Prevention: A West
Yorkshire Study, Alder shot: Avebury, U.S.A, (1993).
34. Jan Jordan, Beyond Belie, Police Rape and Women's Credibility, Victoria University of
Wellington, SAG Publications, New Zealand (2004).
35. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, (rev. ed.) New American Library, NY,
USA, (1963).
36. Kane, P.V., History of Dharmashastra, (2nd ed.) Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute, Poona (1973).
37. Kapoor, S.K., Human Rights under International Law and Indian Law, (2nd Ed.),
Central Law Agency (2001).
38. Kautilya's Arthshastra, First Book, Vinayadhikrikam, Ch. IV, referred from V.K.
Gupta, Kautilyan and Jurisprudence,, 264 Published by B.D. Gupta, New Delhi,
(1987): and Book Four, Removal of Thorns, Ch. XIII.
39. Kelker,R.V., Outlines, of the Criminal Procedure, Ch. 8 (2nd ed.) Eastern Book
Company, Lucknow (1984).
40. Lorenne Clark, M.G., The Rights of Women: The Theory and Practice of the Ideology
of Male Supremacy, Farlow King J., & Shea, W.R., (Ed.) Contemporary Issues in
Political Philosophy, Canadian Contemporary Philosophy Series, Science History
Publications, New York (1976).

212
41. Lorenne Clark & Debra Lewis, Rape: The Price of Coercive Sexuality Women‘s
Educational Press, Toronto (1977).
42. Lorenne Clark, & Dbra Lewis, Women, Property and Rape, Susan Caffrey, & Gary
Mundy, (ed.), The Sociology of Crime and Deviance: Selected Issues, Greenwich
University Press UK.
43. Maine‘s Treatise on Hindu Law and Usage (13th ed.) Bharat Law House, New Delhi,
(1991).
44. Mergery Fry, In the Arms of the Laws, Gollancz, London, (1951).
45. McNamara, Donald E., and Edward Sagain, Ch. 3 Sex between Adult and Minors, Sex,
Crime and the Law, The Free Press McMillan Pub., New York (1977).
46. Megarry R.E, A Manual of the Law of Real Property, (2nd ed.) London: Stevens &
Sons Ltd. (1955). 47. Menachem Amir, Pattern in Forcible Rape,University of
Chicago Press Chicago (1971).
47. Nicholas Growth, A., Men who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender, Plenum Press,
N.Y., (1979). 49. Nigam, R.C. Law of Crimes in India, Asia Publishing House, New
Delhi (1964).
48. Pillai, K.N., Chandrasekharan, Women and Criminal Procedure, Dhanda, & Archana
Parashar, (ed.) Engendering Law : Essays in Honour of Lotika Sarkar, Lucknow,
Eastern (1999).
49. Priyanath Sen, Tagore Law Lectures: General Principles of Hindu Jurisprudence,
Allahabad Law Agency, Allahabad (1984).
50. Quoted in Irma MacKay, Educating the Professional to aid abuse victims in achieving
human rights, Intimate Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspective (ed.) Washington DC:
Hemisphere (1992).
51. Rajan, V.N., The Asian Experience: Victimology in India, APH Publishing
Corporation, Delhi (1982). 54. Rao Venugopal, S., Victim of Crime, Allied Pub. Ltd.,
New Delhi (1989).
52. Reuss Suzette, J., A poem, referred from, Parks Jean M., Rape Victim‘s Perceptions of
Long-Term Effects Three or More Years Post-Rape, Viano Emilio (ed.) The
Victimology Handbook Research Findings, Treatment, and Public Policy, Trinity
University, Garland Publishing Inc. New York & London (1990).
53. Robert Elias, The Politics of Victimisation: Victims, Victimology and Human Rights,
Oxford University Press, (1986).
54. Sandler, H.S. & Sepel, N.L., Violence against Children: Sexual Abuse, McKendrick,
B., & Hoffmann, W. (ed.) People and Violence in South Africa, Cape Town: Oxford
University Press. (1990).
55. Sandra McNeill, Flashing its effect on women, Jalna Hamer, & Mary Maynard (ed.),
Women, Violence and Social Control, Basingstoke: Macmillan (1987).
60. Sarah Rieth, M., A New Model for the Treatment of Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse,
Emilio Viano, (ed.), The Victimology Handbook – Research Findings, Treatment, and
Public Policy, Garland Publishing Inc., New York & London, (1990).
61. Schafer, Stephen, Victimology: The Victim and His Criminal, Reston Pub. Co.,
Prentice Hall (1977). 61. Sen, P.K. Penology Old and New, Longmans, Green,
Calcutta (1943).
62. Sheila, Jeffrey, Indecent Exposure, Rhodes, D. & Sand McNeill, Violence against
Women, Obly. Women Press, London (1985).

213
 63. Sir Henry Maine, Ancient Law, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, U.S.A. (1871).
64. Sivard, R.L., World Military and Social Expenditures, (14th ed.), Washington, DC:
World Priorities Inc. (1991).
65. Stephens, Criminal Law (9th Ed.) In Encylopaedia of Crime and Justice (1991), Vol.
4.
66. The Mind Alive Encyclopaedia – Early Civilisation, Marshall Cavendish, London
(1977).
67. Tony Eardley, Violence and Sexuality, Metcalf Andy, & Humphries Martin, (ed.), The
Sexuality of Men, Pluto Press, London (1985).
68. Victims‘s Rights Legislation: An Assessment of Its Impact on Criminal Justice
Practitioners and Victims, Executive Summary (1989).
69. Von Henting H., The Criminal and His Victim: Studies in the Sociobiology of Crime,
Yale University Press, New Haven, (1948).
70. Webster‘s Third International Dictionary (1971). 71. Jain, M.P., ―Indian Constitutional
Law‖, Fifth Ed., Lexis Nexis Butterworth and Wadhwa, Nagpur, Reprint, 2008.

II Articles
1. Ahamed, I.N., Death sentence and criminal justice in Human Rights Prospective,
November 2010, Vol. 118, p. 330-333.
2. Chattopadhyay, Sudhir Shankar, ―Criminal Justice System needs overhaul‖, Frontline
September 7, 2012, p. 12-15.
3. Abraham, Meghna, Continued trials of Hamida, The Lawyer's Collective, Vol. II, No.3,
(March, 1996) Bombay.
4. Agnes, Flavia, Fighting Rape has amending law helped, cover story, The Lawyers
Collective, (February 1990) Bombay.
5. Barbara, E., Smith, & Jane Roberts Chapman, Rape Law Reform Legislation:
Practitioner's Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Specific Provisions, Response, 10
(1987).
6. Between crime and punishment, is the criminal justice system in India beleaguered
beyond rescue? Frontline, Volume 19-Issue 11, (May 25 – June 07, 2002).
7. Burgess, & Holmstrom, Rape Trauma Syndrome, American Journal of Psychiatry, 131
(1974).
8. Burt, M.R., Cultural myths and supports for rape, Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 38 (1980).
9. Burt, Martha, R., Katz Bonnier, L., Rape, Robbery and Burglary: Responses to Actual
and Feared Criminal Victimisation, with Special Focus on Women and the Elderly,
Victimology, 10 (1985).
10. Camilla, E. Le Grand, Rape and Rape Laws: Sexism in Society in Law, California Law
Review, 61 (1973).
11. Check, J.V.P., and Malimath, N.M., Sex role stereotyping and reactions to depictions
of strangers versus acquaintance rape, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
45, (1983).
12. Child Sexual Abuse a macabre menace, cover story, The Lawyers Collective, Vol. 11,
(December 12, 1996), Bombay.

214
13. D.R. Development of Victimology in India, Indian Journal of Criminology, Vol. 13,
No. 2, (July 1985). 14. Desai, Nishtha, Paedophilia in Goa After Peats, The Lawyer
Collective, Vol. 12-No. 5, (May, 1997).
14. Diana Scully, & Joseph Marolla, Riding the Bull at Gilley's: Convicted Rapists
Described the Rewards of Rape, Social Problems, 32 (February, 1985).
15. Dr. Kameshwari, G., Child as a Victim of Rape, 2 SCC Journal Section, (2001).
16. Edna Erez, Victim Participation in Sentencing Rhetoric and Reality, 18:1 Journal of
Criminal Justice (An International Journal), (1990).
17. Frazier, P.A., & Burnett, J.W., Immediate coping strategies among rape victims,
Journal of Counseling and Development, 72 (1994).
18. Grubbing D., Sexual Offending: A Cross-cultural comparison, Annual Review of Sex
Research, 3 (1993).
19. Kavita Bajeli, Datt, Predator's Psyche-Sleuths and Shrinks try to puzzle out what goes
on in a rapist's mind, India Today (Dec. 14, 2003).
20. Kennedy, H.G., & Grubin, D.H., Patterns of denial in sex offenders. Psychological
Medicine, 22(1), (1992).
21. Kilpatrick, Dean, G., Lois, J., Veronen, & Resick Patricia, A., The Aftermath of Rape;
Recent Empirical Findings, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 49 (1979).
22. Krishna Iyer, V.R., Indian Judicature, Frontline, Volume 19-Issue 11 (May 25-June 07,
2002).
23. Lang R..A., Neuropsychological deficits in sexual offenders: Implications for
treatment. Sexual and Marital Therapy, 8(2) (1993).
24. Larson, N., The female sex offender. Contemporary Sexuality, 26(9), (1992).
25. Le Roy, L., Lamborn, The Constitutionalisation of Victims‘ Rights in the United
States: The Rationale, in Kirchhoff et al (ed.) International Debates of Victimology,
WSV Publishing (1994).
26. McCaul, K.D., Veltum, L.G., Boyechko, V., & Crawford, J.J., Understanding
attributions of victim blame for rape: Sex, Violence, and Forcibility, Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 20 (1990).
27. Mckibben, A., proulex, J., & Lusign, R., Relationships between conflict, affect and
deviant sexual behaviuors in rapists and paedophiles. Behaviour Research and
Theraphy, 32(5), (1994).
28. Mio, J. S., & Foster, J. D., Effect of rape upon victims and families: Implication for a
comprehensive family-therapy, American Journal of Family Theraphy, 19(2), (1991).
29. Mohanta, J., and mishra, G, J., Victimology: Scope of Forensic Science, Indian Journal
of Criminology (Jan 1991).
30. Nagel, B., Matsuo, H., Mclntyre, K, P., Morrison, N., Attitudes toward victims of rape:
effects of gender, race, religion, and social class, June; 20(6) 2005: 725-37 ,
Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, USA, (2005).
31. Narrain, Siddhart, For an effective low on rape, Frontline, Volume 20 – issue 23,
(November, 08 – 21, 2003).
32. Oliver, L., Hall, G. D., & Neuhaus, S. M., A comparison of the personality and
background characteristics of adolescent sex offenders and other adolescent offenders,
Criminal Justice and behavior, 20(4), (1993).
33. Pamela Lakes Wood, The Victim in Forcible Rape Case: A Feminist View, American
Criminal Law Review, 7 (1973).

215
34. Paul David, M., The Medical Examination in Sexual Offences, July 15, Medicine,
Science and the Law, (1978).
35. Pound, Roscoe, Discretion, dispensation and mitigation: The problem of the individual
special case, New York University Law Review 35: (1960).
36. Raghavan, R.K.A, A case study on crime, Frontline, Volume 17 – Issue 13, (June 24-
July 07, 2000).
37. Raman, Surekha, Child Sexual Abuse and Law. The Lawyers Collective, Vol. 10,
No.10 & 11, (October-November 1995) Bombay.
38. Report on Seminar on Child Rape, ‗held in New Delhi October 7-8, 1992, Organized
by National Commission for Women (April 1993).
39. Rishi,DD, Registration of the First Information Report and the Action thereon: Role of
the Victim, (1995), Cr.L.J., Journal Section.
40. Sarrel, P. & Masters, W., Sexual molestation of men by women, Archives of Sexual
Behaviour, 11, (1982).
41. Schwartz, D., Negative impact of sexual abuse on adult male gender: Issues and
Strategies of intervention, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 11(3) (1994).
42. Shirley Feldman, Summers and Karen Lindner, Perceptions of Victims and Defendants
in Criminal Assault Cases, Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 3(1976).
43. Silverman, D., Sharing the crisis of rape: Counseling of mates and families of victims,
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 48 (1978).
44. Struckman Johnson, C. & Struckman Johnson, D., Men pressured and forced into
sexual experience, Archives of Sexual Behaviouir¸23(1), (1994).
45. Struckman, Johnson, C., & Struckman, Johnson, D., Acceptance of male rape myths
among college men and women. Sex Roles, 27 (3-4), (1992).
46. Sutherland, Sandra, & Donald Scherl, Patterns of Response Among Victims of Rape,
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 40 (1970).
47. Taylor, S, E., Adjustment to threatening event: A theory of cognitive adaptation,
American Psychologist, 38, (1983).
48. The victim‘s veto; A Way to Increase victim Impact on criminal case Dispositions,
California Law Review, 77(2), (1989).
49. Tripathi Purnima, S., Rehabilitation concerns, frontline, Volume 19, Issue 25,
(December 07-20, 2002).
50. Varghese, Rose, Judicial Response to Sentencing in Rape Cases, Amity Law Review,
Vol.3 Part 2 Vol. 4 Part 1 (July 2002-June 2003).
51. Viano Emilio, Violence, Victimisation and Social Change: A SocioCultural and Public
Policy Analysis, Victimology, (1983).
52. Walser, R. D., & Kern, J, M., Relationship among childhood sexual abuse, sex guilt,
and sexual behaviour in adult clinical samples. Journal of sex Research. 33(4) (1996).
53. Gopal, Mohan, Colonial legacy, Frontline, March 8, 2013, p. 26-28.

216
III Journals
1. All India Reports
2. All England Reports
3. India Bar Review
4. Journal of Indian Law Institute
5. Journal of Law Teachers of India
6. Delhi Law Review
7. Supreme Court Cases
8. Supreme Court Journal
9. Supreme Court Reports
10. Juris Net
11. ALJ
12. Journal of Criminal Law
13. Heinonline (Criminal law Journals)
14. Criminal Law Review
15. Lexis Library (Criminal Law Journal)
16. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

IV Newspapers
1. The Hindu 2. The Hindustan Times 3. The Times of India

V Websites
1. http://www.aic.gov.au/
2. http://www.amnesty.org/
3. http://www.cjsonline.gov.uk/victim/walkthrough/index.html.
4. http://www.cjsonline.gov.uk/victim/walkthrough/index.html.
5. http://www.cps.gov.uk/victims_witnesses/treatment.htmlcourts.court
6. http://www.cps.gov.uk/victims_witnesses/treatment.html.compenation.
7. http://www.cps.giv.uk/victims_witnesses/treatment.html.statement.state mentthe the
Treatment of Victims and Witnesses.
8. http://www.equalitynow.org/action_eng_16_1.html
9. http://www.feminist.com/images/generalimages/box-1.gif
10. http://www.greenleft.orgau/what.htm.
11. http://www.healthyplace.com/Communities/Abuse/lisk/guilt_shame.htm .
12. http://www.hrw.org/worldfacts2k1/denmark/
13. http://www.hrw.org/worldfacts2k1/spain/
14. http://www.hrw.org/wr2k2/.internationaljusitce.htmlInternationalCrimin al Courts.
15. http://www.hrw.org/wr2k2/internationaljusitce.htmlMixedNationalInternationalCourts.
Mixed National-International Courts.
16. http://www.hrwr.org/wr2k2/internationaljustice.htmalUniversalJurisdicti onUniversal
Jurisdiction.
17. http://www.ichrpr.org.
18. http://www.iccolumnists.expressindia.com/full_column.php|content_id= 23229.
19. http://www.india.inhdymedia.org/en/2005/05/210607.shtml.
20. http://www.interights.org/page.php|dirHome&page.

217
21. http://www.interights.org/searchdatabases.php|dirdatabase.
22. http:/www.interpol.iont/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/
23. http://www.justicewomen.org/news/india/march04/unsafe.html.
24. http://www.justicewomen./Singapore_16_2html.
25. http://www.legalservicesindia.com
26. http://www.mdcrimevictims.org/_pages/a_availa_help/a1_help_intro.ht m
27. http://www.mdcrimevictims.org/_pages/.c_legal_rights/c1_legal_rights_ intro.htm
28. http://www.mdcrimevictims.org/_pages/e_legal_rights/c1_legal_rights_intr o.htm.
29. http://www.mdcrimevictims.org/_pages/c_legislation_policy/c2_legis_feder al.htm.
30. http://www.nartionmaster.com/grtaph_T/cri_rap&int=_1
31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi+db=PubMed&cmd=Sear
ch&terMorrison_h
32. http://www.ncbuy.com/reference/coiuntry/iontro_in.html
33. http://www.ncvc.org/law/SBOOK/TOC.HTM.
34. http://www.ncvc.org/vroom/impact.htm
35. http://www.ohchr.org/english/bdies/chr/iondex.htm
36. http://www.peacewomen.org/news/India/Aug04/rapevictim.htm
37. http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Law/2002/response.htm
38. http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Law/2003/malimath.htm
39. http://www.scotland.gov.uk
40. http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v3n2/justworld.html
41. http://www.sdnbd.org/sdi/news/general-news/December-2002/21-
122002/Freature.htmsFighting.
42. http://www.secasa.com/au/iondex.Php/survivors
43. http://www.urn.org/News/facts/iccfact.htm
44. http://www.un.org/news/press/docs/2002/note5725.doc.htm
45. https://indiankanoon.org/doc/71412836/
46. https://indiankanoon.org/doc/92961008/ visited on dated 10/09/2019 at 4:12
pm.
47. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/12/201212319356987371.htm
l
48. .https://www.unfpa.org/resources/human-rights-women visited on 02/10/2019 at
1:13 pm.
49. https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-
women/facts-and figures#notes VISITED 07/09/2020 at 11:00 pm
50. http://www.untreaty.un.org/ENGLISH/Bible/englishinternetbible/part1/
chapterXVIII/treaty/1. , New PHR

218