Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure and also drawn bending

moment and shear force diagram

Solution:
Symmetrical problem
- Sym frame + Sym loading
 A  0,  B  0,  C  0,  D  0

FEMS

W 1ab 2 W 2 cd2
FBC   
L2 L2
80  2  42 80  4  22
   - 106.67 KNM
62 62
Wa 2b W 2 c 2d
FCB     106.67 KNM
L2 L2

Slope deflection equations:

MAB F AB 
2EI
2A B   0  2EI 0 B   1 EIB - - - - - - - -  1
L 4 2
MBA FBA 
2EI
2B A   0  2B 0  EIB
2EI
- - - - - --  2
L 4
 MBC FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L
(2B C )  106.67  EIB  EIC - - - - - -  3 
2E2I 4 2
 106.67 
6 3 3
MCB FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L
(2C B )  106.67  EIC  EIB - - - - - -  4 
2E2I 4 2
 106.67 
6 3 3
MCD FCD 
2EI
2C D 
L
- - - - - --  5 
2EI
 0 (2C 0)  EIC
4

MDC FDC 
2EI
2D C 
L
- - - - - --  6 
2EI 1
 0 (0  C )  EIC
4 2

In the above equation there are two unknown rotations. Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC  0
MCB MCD  0
7 2
Now MBA MBC  106.67  EIB  EIC  0 - - - - - --  (7)
3 3
2 7
MCB MCD  106.67  EIB  EIC  0 - - - - - --  (8)
3 3

Multiply by (7) and (8) by 2

49 14 
 746.69  EIB  EIC  0
3 3 
 subtracts
4 14
 213.34  EIB  EIC  0 
3 3 
45
- 960.03  EIB  0
3
3
EIB   960.03    64 Clockwise
45
Using equation (7)
3 7 
EIC     106.67  EIB 
2 3 
3 7 
-   106.67   64    64 Anticlo ckwise
2 3 

Here we find B   C . It is obvious because the problem is symmetrical.

 Final moments are

64
M AB    32 KNM
2
MBA  64 KNM

64   64    64 KNM
4 2
MBC  106.67 
3 3
MCB  106.67  (  64 )  64    64 KNM
4 2
3 3
MCD   64 KNM
1
MDC   64  -32 KNM
2
Consider free body diagram’s of beam and columns as shown

By symmetrical we can write

R A  RB  60 KNM
RD  RC  80 KNM

Now consider free body diagram of column AB

Apply
 MB  0
HA  4  64  32
 HA  24 KN

Similarly from free body diagram of column CD

Apply
 MC  0
HA  4  64  32
 HD  24 KN
Check:
H  0
HA  HD  0
Hence okay

Note: Since symmetrical, only half frame may be analysed. Using first three
equations
and taking  B    C
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram

Solution:

This is a symmetrical frame and unsymmetrically loaded, thus it is an

unsymmetrical problem and there is a sway
Assume sway to right.
Here  A  0,D  0,B  0,D  0

FEMS:
Wab 2 80  5  32
FBC      56.25 KNM
L2 82
Wa 2b 80  52  3
FCB     93.75 KNM
L2 82

Slope deflection equations

2EI  3 
MAB F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3  1
- - - - - - - -  1
3
 0  0  B    EIB  EI
4  4  2 8
2EI  3 
MBA FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
- - - - - - - -  2
3
 0  2B 0    EIB  EI
4  4  8
 MBC FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L
 56.25 
2EI
2B C   56.25  1 EIB  1 EIC - - - - - - - --  3 
8 2 4
MCB FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L
 93.75 
2EI
2C B   93.75  1 EIC  1 EIB - - - - - - - --  4 
8 2 4
2EI  3 
MCD FCD   2C D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
- - - - - - - --  5 
3
 0  2C 0    EIC  EI
4  4  8
2EI  3 
MDC FDC   2D C  
L  L 
2EI  3  1
- - - - - - - --  6 
3
 0  0 C    EIC  EI
4  4  2 8

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and  , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC  0    Jo int conditions

MCB MCD  0
HA HD  PH  0 - - -  Shear condition
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e,  0
4 4
 MAB MBA MCD MDC  0
3 1 1
Now, MBA MBC  EIB  EI  56.25  EIB  EIC  0
8 2 4
       7 
3 1 3
 56.25  EIB  EIC  EI  0
2 4 8
1 1 3
And, MCB MCD  93.75  EIC  EIB EIC  EI  0
2 4 8
       8 
1 3 3
 93.75  EIB  EIC  EI  0
4 2 8
 1 3 3 3
And, MAB MBA MCD MDC  EIB  EI  EIB  EI  EIC  EI
2 8 8 8
1 3
 EIC  EI
2 8`
       9 
3 3 3
 EIB  EIC  EI  0
2 2 2
From (9) EI  EIB EIC
Substitute in (7) & (8)

Eqn (7)

EIB  EIC  EIB EIC   0

3 1 3
 56.25 
2 4 8
  - - - - - --  10 
9 1
 56.25  EIB  EIC  0
8 8
Eqn(8)

EIB  EIC  EIB EIC   0

1 3 3
 93.75 
4 2 8
- - - - - - - - - -  11
1 9
 93.75  EIB  EIC  0
8 8

Solving equations (10) & (11) we get EIB  41.25

By Equation (10)
 9 
EIC  8  56.25  EIB 
 8 
 9 
 8  56.25  41.25  78.75
 8 
 EI  EIB EIC  41.25  78.75  37.5
Hence

EIB  41.25, EIC  78.75, EI  37.5

Substituting these values in slope deflection equations, we have
 1
M AB  41.25   3  37.5  34.69 KNM
2 8
3
MBA  41.25   37.5   55.31 KNM
8
1 1
MBC  56.25  41.25    78.75   55.31 KNM
2 4
1 1
M CB  93.75   78.75   41.75   64.69 KNM
2 4
3
M CD  78.75   37.5   64.69 KNM
8
1 3
MDC   78.75    37.5   25.31 KNM
2 8

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
34.69  55.31
HA   22.5 KN
4

Span BC:
55.31  64.69  80  3
RB   28.83 KN
8
 RC  80  RB  51.17

Column CD:
64.69  25.31
HD   22.5
4
Check:

ΣH = 0
HA + HD = 0
22.5 – 22.5 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Frame ABCD is subjected to a horizontal force of 20 KN at joint C as
shown in figure. Analyse and draw bending moment diagram.

Solution:

Frame is Symmetrical and unsymmetrical loaded hence there is a sway.

Assume sway towards right

FEMS
F AB  F BA  F BC  F CB  F CD  F DC  0

Slope deflection equations are

2EI  3 
MAB F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3 
  B  
3  3 

- - - - - - - --  1
2 2
 EIB  EI
3 3
2EI  3 
MBA FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
  2B  
3  3 

       2
4 2
 EIB  EI
3 3
 MBC  FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L

2EI
2B C 
4
 EIB 0.5 EIC - - - - - - - -  3 

MCB FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L

2EI
2C B 
4
 EIC 0.5 EIB - - - - - - - -  4 
2EI  3 
MCD FCD   2C  D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
  2C  
3  3

       5 
4 2
 EIC  EI
3 3
2EI  3 
MDC FDC   2D  C  
L  L
2 EI  3 
  c  
3  3

- - - - - - - --  6 
2 2
 EIC  EI
3 3

The unknown are  B, , C &  . Accordingl y the boundary conditions are

I. MBA MBC  0
I I. MCB MCD  0
III. HA HD 20  0
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e,   20  0
3 3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 60  0

4 2
Now MBA MBC  EIB  EI  EIB 0.5EIC
3 3
 EIB 0.5EIC  EI  0        7 
7 2
3 3
 4 2
and MCB MCD  EIC 0.5EIB  EIC  EI
3 3
 0.5EIB  EIC  EI  0        8 
7 2
3 3

2 2 4 2 4
and MAB MBA MCD MDC 60  EIB  EI  EIB  EI  EIC
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
 EI  EIC  EI  60
3 3 3
 2EIB 2EIC  EI  60  0        9 
8
3

Solving (7).(8) & (9) we get

EI B  8.18,
EI C  8.18,
EI  34.77

Substituting the value of B , C and  in slope deflection equations

MAB 
2
 8.18   2  34.77   17.73 KNM
3 3
MBA   8.18    34.77   12.27 KNM
4 2
3 3
MBC  0  8.18  0.5  8.18   12.27 KNM
MCB  0.5  8.18   8.18  12.27 KNM

MCD 
4
 8.18   2  34.77   12.27 KNM
3 3
MDC   8.18    34.77   17.73 KNM
2 2
3 3
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of the members

Member AB:
17.73  12.27
HA   10 KN
3
Member BC:

12.27  12.27
RC   6.135 KN
4
 RB  RC  6.135 KN - ve sign indicates direction of RB downwards
Member CD:

 17.73  12.27
HD    10 KN - ve sign indicates the direction of HD is left to right
3

Check: ΣH = 0
HA + HD + P = 0
+10 + 10 – 20 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame subjected to loads as shown. Also draw
bending moment diagram.

The frame is symmetrical but loading is unsymmetrical. Hence there is a sway.

Assume sway towards right. In this problem  A  0, B  0, C  0, D  0
FEMs:
wl2 10  42
F AB     - 13.33 KNM
12 12
wl2 10  42
FBA      13.33 KNM
12 12
wl 90  10
FBC     - 112.5 KNM
8 8
wl 90  10
FCB     112.5 KNM
8 8
Slope deflection equations:
2EI  3 
M AB  F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 - 13.33   0 B  
4  4 
 - 13.33  0.5 EIB  0.375 EI - - - - - - - --  1
2EI  3 
MBA  F BA   2 B  A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 13.33   2B 0  
4  4 
 13.33  EIB 0.375 EI - - - - - - - --  2
 MBC  F BC 
2EI
2B  C 
L
 - 112.5 
2E3I
2B  C 
10
 - 112.5  1.2EI B 0.6EIC - - - - - - - --  3 

MCB  F CB 
2EI
2 C B 
L
  112.5 
2E3I
2 C B 
10
 112.5  1.2EI C 0.6 EIB - - - - - - - --  4 
2EI  3 
MCD  F CD   2 C   D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2 C 0  
4  4 
 EI C  0.375 EI - - - - - - - --  5 
2EI  3 
MDC  F DC   2 D  C  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0  2 C  
4  4 
 0.5EI C  0.375 EI - - - - - - - --  6 

There are 3 unknowns EIB, EIC and EI , accordingly the boundary conditions
are
MBA MBC  0
MCB MCD  0
HA HD 40  0

4
Here HA  4  MAB  MBA  10  4 
2
MAB  MBA  80
HA 
4
and HD 4 MCD MBC
MCD MDC
HD 
4
MAB  MBA  80 MCD MDC
   40  0
4 4
MAB  MBA MCD MDC 80  0
 Now MBA + MBC = 0
13.33EIB 0.375EI  112.5  1.2EIB 0.6EIC  0
2.2EIB  0.6EIC 0.375EI  99.17  0 - - - - - - - -  (7)
and MCB MDC  0 4  5 
112.5  1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI  0
112.5  2.2EIC  0.6EIB 0.375EI  0 - - - - - - - -  (8)
also MAB MBA MCB MDC 80  0
 13.33  0.5EIB 0.375EI  13.33  EIB 0.375EI  EIC 0.375EI
 0.5EIC 0.375EI  80  0
1.5EIB 1.5EIC -1.5EI  80  0 - - - - - - - --  (9)

By solving (7), (8) and (9) we get

EI B  72.65
EI C  59.64
EI  66.34

Final moments:
MAB  13.33  0.572.65   0.375 66.34   -1.88 KNM
MBA  72.65  0.37566.34   61.10 KNM
MBC  112.5  1.272.65   0.6 59.64   61.10 KNM
MCB  112.5  1.2 59.64   0.672.65   84.52 KNM
MCD  59.64  0.375(66.34 )  84.52 KNM
MDC  0.5( 59.64 )  0.375(66.34 )  54.70 KNM
Reactions: Consider the free body diagrams of various members

Member AB:

61.10  1.88  10  4  2
HA 
4
 5.195 KN - ve sign indicates direction of HA is from right to left

Member BC:
84.52  61.10  90  5
RC   47.34 KN
10
 RB  90  RC  38.34 KN

Member CD
84.54  54.7
HD   34.81 KN
4
Check
ΣH = 0
HA + HD +10 × 4 = 0
-5.20 - 34.81+ 40 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram

Solution:

Since the columns have different moment of inertia, it is an unsymmetrical

frame. Assume sway towards right

FEMS:
WL 80  6
FBC     60 KNM
8 8
WL
FCB    60 KNM
8
Here  A  0, D  0

Slope deflection equations

2EI  3 
MAB F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3  1
- - - - - - - -  1
3
 0  0  B    EIB  EI
4  4  2 8
2EI  3 
MBA FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
- - - - - - - -  2
3
 0  2B 0    EIB  EI
4  4  8
 MBC FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L
 60 
2E2I
2B C   60  4 EIB  2 EIC - - - - - - - --  3 
6 3 3
MCB FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L
 60 
2E2I
2C B   60  2 EIB  4 EIC - - - - - - - --  4 
6 3 3
2EI  3 
MCD FCD   2C D  
L  L 
2E2I  3 
- - - - - - - --  5 
3
 0  2C 0    2EIC  EI
4  4  4
2EI  3 
MDC FDC   2D C  
L  L 
2E2I  3 
- - - - - - - --  6 
3
 0  0 C    EIC  EI
4  4  4

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and  , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC  0
MCB MCD  0    Jo int conditions
HA HD  0 - - -  Shear condition
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e,  0
4 4
 MAB MBA MCD MDC  0

3 4 2
Now, MBA MBC  EIB  EI  60  EIB  EIC  0
8 3 3
       7 
7 2 3
 60  EIB  EIC  EI  0
3 3 8

2 4 3
And, MCB MCD  60  EIB  EIC 2EIC  EI  0
3 3 4
       8 
2 10 3
 EIB  EIC  EI  60  0
3 3 4
 1 3 3 3
And, MAB MBC MCD MDC  EIB  EI  EIB  EI  2EIC  EI
2 8 8 4
3
 EIC  EI
4
       9 
3 9
 EIB 3EIC  EI  0
2 4

4 3 
From (9) EI   EIB  3EIC 
9 2 
Substituti ng value of EI in (7)

7 2 3 4  3 
EIB  EIC    EIB  3EIC   60  0
3 3 8 9  2 
7 2 1 1
EIB  EIC  EIB  EIC  60  0
3 3 4 2
  - - - - - --  10 
25 1
EIB  EIC 60  0
12 6

Substituting value of EI  in (8)

2 10 3 4  3 
EIB  EIC    EIB  3EIC   60  0
3 3 8 9  2 
2 10 1
EIB  EIC  EIB  EIC  60  0
3 3 2
  - - - - - --  11
1 7
EIB  EIC 60  0
6 3

Solving (10) & (11) we get EI B =31.03

By Equation (11)
3 1 
EIC   EIB 60
7 6 
 27.3
Now

4 3 
EI   EIB  3EIC   16.55
9 2 
Now
EI B =31.03, EIC  27.3 , EI   16.55
 Substituting these values in slope deflection equations,
The final moments are:
MAB  31.03    16.55   21.72 KNM
1 3
2 8
MBA  31.03   16.55   37.24 KNM
3
8
MBC  60  31.03    27.93   37.25 KNM
4 2
3 3
MCB  60  31.03    27.93   43.43 KNM
2 4
3 3
3
MCD  2( 27.93)  ( 16.55)  43.45 KNM
4
MDC  27.93   16.55   15.52 KNM
3
4

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
37.25  21.72
HA   14.74 KN
4

Beam BC:
37.25  43.45  80  3
RB   38.97 KN
6
 RC  80  RB  41.03

Column CD:
43.45  15.52
HD   14.74 KN
4

Check:

ΣH = 0
HA + HD = 0
14.74-14.74=0

Hence okay
Ex: Portal frame shown is fixed at ends A and D, the joint B is rigid and joint C is
hinged. Analyse the frame and draw BMD.

Solution:

FEM’s:
WL  80  6
FBC     60KNM
8 8
WL 80  6
FCB     60KNM
8 8
Here  A  0, D  0, B  0, CB  0, CD  0

Since C is hinged member CB and CD will rotate independently. Also the

frame is unsymmetrical, will also have sway. Let the sway be towards right.

The slope deflections are:

2EI  3 
MAB  FAB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3 
0  0  B  
4  4 
1 3
 EIB  EI      ( 1)
2 8
 2EI  3 
MBA  FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2B  0  
4  4 
3
 EIB  EI  ( 2)
8
2EI  3 
MBC  FBC   2B  C  
L  L 

 60 
2E.2I
2B  CB 
6
4 2
 60  EIB  EICB      (3 )
3 3
MCB  FCB 
2EI
2CB  B 
L
 60 
2E.2I
2CB  B 
6
4 2
 60  EICB  EIB      (4 )
3 3
2EI  3 
MCD  FCD   2CD  D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2CD  0  
4  4 
3
 EICD  EI  ( 5 )
8
2EI  3 
MDC  FDC   2D  CD  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0  CD  
4  4 
1 3
 EICD  EI  ( 6 )
2 8

In the above equations B , CB , CD and  are unknowns. According the
boundary conditions are

I. MBA+MBC = 0,
II. MCB = 0,
III. MCD = 0,
 IV. HA+HD = 0
MAB  MBA MCD  MDC
i..e,  0
4 4

 MAB  MBA  MCD  MDC  0

Now using the boundary conditions:

3 4 2
MBA  MBC  EIB  EI  60  EIB  EICB
8 3 3
7 2 3
 EIB  EICB  EI  60  0  ( 7 )
3 3 8
2 4
MCB  EIB  EICB  60  0  ( 8 )
3 3
3
MCD  EICD  EI  0  ( 9 )
8
1 3 3 3 1 3
MAB  MBA  MCD  MDC  EIB  EI  EIB  EI  EICD  EI  EICD  EI  0
2 8 8 8 2 8
3 3 3
 EIB  EICD  EI  0      ( 10 )
2 2 2
3
From ( 9 ) EIcD  EI      (11 )
8

Sub in ( 10 )
3 3 3  3
 MAB  MBA  MCD  MDC  EIB   EI   EI  0
2 2 8  2

3 15
 EIB  EI  0      ( 12 )
2 16
16 3 8
Equation (12) gives EI   EIB  EIB      ( 13 )
15 2 5

Substituti ng in Equation ( 7 )
7 2 3 8 
MBA  MBC  EIB  EICB   EIB   60  0
3 3 8 5 
7 3 2
   EIB  EICB  60
3 5 3
26 2
 EIB  EICB  60  0      ( 14 )
15 3
Substituti ng in Equation ( 8 ) and multiplyin g equation (14) by 2 we have
2 4
EIB  EICB  60  0
3 3
52 4
EIB  EICB  120  0
15 3
__________ __________ _
42
 EIB  180  0
15
__________ __________ _
15
EIB  180   64.29
42

8 8
From(13) EI  EIB   64.29  102.864
5 5
3
From (11) EICD  EI  38.574
8
3 7 3 
From (7) EICB    EIB  EI  60 
2 3 8 
3 7 3 
   64.29   102.864  60 
2 3 8 
  77.165
EIB  64.29, EICB  77.165, EICD  38.57, EI  102.864

 Final Moments are

MAB 
1
64.29   3 102.864   6.42 KNM
2 8
 64.29  102.864   25.72 KNM
3
MBA
8
 60  64.29    77.165   25.72 KNM
4 2
MBC
3 3
 60   77.165   64.29   0
4 2
MCB
3 3
 38.574  102.864   0
3
MCD
8
 38.574   102.864   19.29 KNM
1 3
MDC
2 8
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of various members

Column AB:
25.72  6.42
HA   4.825 KN
4
Beam BC:
25.72  80  3 
RB   44.29 KN
6
RC  80  44.29  35.71 KN
Column CD:
19.28
HD   4.82 KN
4
Check:
ΣH = 0
HA+HD = 0
Hence okay.
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure the deflection method and
then draw the bending moment diagram

Fig

Solution:

The frame is unsymmetrical, hence there is a sway. Let the sway be

towards right.
 A  0, B  0, C  0, D  0

FEMS:
20  52
FBC    41.67 KNM
12
20  52
FCB    41.67 KNM
12
FCE  15  2  30 KNM

Slope deflection equations

 2EI  3 
MAB F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0  B    0.5EIB 0.375EI - - - - - - - -  1
4  4 
2EI  3 
MBA FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2B 0    EIB 0.375EI - - - - - - - -  2
4  4 

MBC FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L
2E  1.5I
 41.67  2B C   41.67  1.2EIB 0.6EIC - - - - - - - --  3 
5
MCB FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L
2E  1.5I
 41.67  2C B   41.67  1.2EIC 0.6EIB - - - - - - - --  4 
5
2EI  3 
MCD FCD   2C D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2C 0    EIC 0.375EI - - - - - - - --  5 
4  4 
2EI  3 
MDC FDC   2D C  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0 C    0.5EIC 0.375EI - - - - - - - --  6 
4  4 

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and  , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC  0
MCB MCD MCE  0
HA HD  0
i.e, MAB MBA MCD MDC  0
 Now,
MBA MBC  0
EIB 0.375EI  141.67  1.2EIB 0.6EIC  0
 2.2EIB 0.6EIC 0.375EI  41.67  0        7 

And, MCB MCD  41.67  1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI  30  0

 0.6EIB 2.2EIC 0.375EI  11.67  0        8 

 MAB MBC MCD MDC  0

0.5EIB 0.375EI  EIB 0.375EI  2EIC 0.375EI  0.5EIC 0.375EI  0
1.5EIB 1.5EIC 1.5EI  0        9 

Solving the above equations

we get, EI B  23.98 , EI C  9.36, EI  14.62

Substituting these values in slope deflection equations, we have

MAB  0.523.98   0.37514.62   6.50 KNM
MBA  23.98  0.37514.62   18.50 KNM
MBC  41.67  1.223.98   0.6 9.36   18.51 KNM
MCB  41.67  1.2 9.36   0.623.98   44.83 KNM
MCD  9.36  0.375( 14.62)  14.84 KNM
MDC  0.5  9.36  0.375  14.62  10.16 KNM
MCE  30 KNM
Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
18.5  6.5
HA   6.25 KN
4

Span BC:
44.83  18.5  20  5  2.5
RC   55.27 KN
5
 RB  20  5  RC  44.73

Column CD:
10.16  14.84
HD   6.25
4
Check:

ΣH = 0
HA + HD = 0
Σ=0

Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown and then draw bending moment
diagram.

Solution:

It is an unsymmetrical problem hence there is a sway be towards right

 A  0,  B  0,  C  0,  D  0

FEMs:

wl2 20  52
FBC     - 41.67 KNM
12 12
wl2 20  52
FCB     41.67 KNM
12 12

Slope deflection equations:

2EI  3 
M AB  F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0 B  
3  3 

- - - - - - - --  1
2 2
 EIB  EI
3 3
2EI  3 
MBA  F BA   2 B  A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2 B 0  
3  3 

- - - - - - - --  2
4 2
 EIB  EI
3 3
 2EI  3 
MBC  F BC   2 B   C  
L  L 
2E  1.5I
 - 41.67  2B  C 
5
- - - - - - - --  3 
6 3
 - 41.67  EIB  EIC
5 5
2EI  3 
MCB  F CB   2 C  B  
L  L 
2E  1.5I
 41.67  2 C B 0
5
 41.67  1.2EI C 0.6 EIB - - - - - - - --  4 
2EI  3 
MCD  F CD   2 C  D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2 C 0  
4  4 
 EI C  0.375 EI - - - - - - - - - -  5 
2EI  3 
MDC  F DC   2 D  C  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0  C  
4  4 
 0.5EI C  0.375 EI - - - - - - - - - -  6 
In the above equations there are three unknown B , C and  and accordingly the
Boundary conditions are:

MBA MBC  0
M CB M CD  0
H A HD  0
M AB MBA M CD MDC
i.e  0
3 4
 4(M AB MBA )  3(M CD MDC )  0
Now
MBA MBC  0
4 2 6 3
EIB  EI  EIB  EIC 41.67
3 3 5 5
3 2
2.53EIB  EIC  EI  41.67  0          (7)
5 3
MCB MCD  0
41.67  1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI  0
41.67  2.2EIC 0.6EIB 0.375EI  0        (8)
MAB MBA MCD MDC
 0
3 4
2 2 4 2 
4  EIB  EI  EIB  EI 
3 3 3 3 
3 EIC 0.375EI  0.5EIC 0.375EI  0
8 8 16 8
EIB  EI  EIB  EI  4.5EIC 2.25EI  0
3 3 3 3
8EIB 4.5EIC 7.53EI  0        (9)

By solving (7), (8) and (9) we get

EI B  25.46
EI C  23.17
EI  12.8

Final moments:
2 2
MAB   25.46   12.8  8.44 KNM
3 3
4 2
MBA   25.46   12.8  25.40 KNM
3 3
MBC   25.46    23.17   41.67  25.40 KNM
6 3
5 5
MCB  41.67  1.2  23.17   0.60 20.46   28.50 KNM
MCD  23.70  0.375 (12.80 )  28.50 KNM
MDC  0.5  23.70  0.375  12.80  16.65 KNM
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram

Member AB:

25.40  8.44
HA   11.28 KN
3
Member BC:

5
28.5  20.30  20  5 
RC  2  51.64 KN
2
 RB  20  5  51.64  48.36 KN

Member CD:

28.5  16.65
HD = = 11.28 KN
4

Check:
ΣH = 0
HA + HD = 0
Satisfied, hence okay
Example: A portal frame having different column heights are subjected for forces
as shown in figure. Analyse the frame and draw bending moment diagram.

Solution:-

It is an unsymmetrical problem
 A  0,  B  0,  C  0,  D  0 , hence there is a sway be towards right.

FEMs:
Wl 30  4
F AB     - 15 KNM
8 8
Wl 30  4
FBA      15 KNM
8 8
Wl 60  4
FBC     - 30 KNM
8 8
Wl 60  4
FCB      30 KNM
8 8
FCD = FDC = 0

Slope deflection equations:

2EI  3 
MAB  F AB   2 A B  
L  L 
2E 2I  3 
 - 15   0 B  
4  4 
 - 15  EIB 0.75 EI - - - - - - - -  1
 2EI  3 
MBA  FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2E 2I  3 
 15   2B 0  
4  4 
  15  2 EIB 0.75 EI - - - - - - - -  2

MBC  FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L
2E  2I
 - 30  2B  C 
4
 - 30  2EIB EIC - - - - - - - --  3 

MCB  FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L
2E  2I
 30  2C B 
4
 30  2EIC  EIB - - - - - - - --  4 

2EI  3 
MCD  FCD   2C  D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  2 C 0  
3  3 

- - - - - - - --  5 
4 2
 EI C  EI
3 3

2EI  3 
MDC  FDC   2D  C  
L  L 
2EI  3 
 0  0  C  
3  3 

- - - - - - - --  6 
2 2
 EI C  EI
3 3

There are three unknowns, EI,  B ,EI C & EI , accordingly the Boundary
conditions are
 MBA MBC  0
MCB MCD  0
HA HD 30  0
MAB MBA 60 MCD MDC
i.e,   30  0
4 3
3MAB  MBA   4MCD  MDC   180  0
Now
MBA MBC  15  2EIB 0.75EI  30  2EIB EIC
 4EIB EIC 0.75EI  15  0        7 

4 2
MCB MCD  30  2EIC EIB  EIC  EI
3 3
       8 
10 2
 EIB  EIC  EI  30  0
3 3

3(MAB MBA )  4(MCD MDC )  180  3  15  EIB 0.75EI  15  2EIB 0.75EI 

4 2 2 2 
 4  EIC  EI  EIC  EI   180
3 3 3 3 
 9EIB 8EIC 9.833EI  180  0        9 
By solving (7), (8) & (9) we get

EI B  9.577
EI C  7.714
EI  20.795

Substituting these values in the slope deflection equations we get

MAB  15  9.577  0.75 20.795   21.01 KNM

MBA  15  2 9.577   0.75 20.795   18.55 KNM
MBC  - 30  2 9.577  - 7.714  - 18.55 KNM
MCB  30  2  7.714   9.577  24.15 KNM

( 7.714 )  20.795   24.15 KNM

4 2
MCD 
3 3
MDC  ( 7.714 )  20.795   19.00 KNM
2 2
3 3
Reactions: Consider free body diagrams of the members

Member AB:
18.55  21.01  30  2
HA   15.615 KN
4
-ve sign indicates the direction of HA is from right to left.
Member BC:
18.55  60  2  24.15
RB   28.60 KN
4
RC  60  RB  28.60  31.40 KN

Member CD:
19  24.15
HD   14.38 KN
3

Check:
ΣH = 0

HA + HD + 30 = 0

-15.62 – 14.38 + 30 = 0

Hence okay
Example: Analyse the frame using slope deflection method and draw the
Bending Moment Diagram.

Solution: Assume sway towards right

 It can be observed from figure in that direction of moments due to sway in
member AB are anticlockwise and that for member CD are clockwise. Wise shall
be taken to incorporate the same in the slope deflection equation.

FEMS
wI2
FBC  
12
24  42
-  32 KNM
12
wI2
FCB    32 KN M
12
Here  A D  0

Slope deflection equations are:

2EI  3 
MAB F AB   2 A  B  
L  L 
2EI  3 
  B  
3  3 

- - - - - --  1
2 2
 EIB  EI
3 3
2EI  3 
MBA FBA   2B   A  
L  L 
2EI  3 
  2B  
3  3 

     2
4 2
 EIB  EI
3 3
 MBC FBC 
2EI
2B C 
L
 32 
2E2I
2B C 
4
 32  2EIB EIC - - - - - - - --  3 

MCB FCB 
2EI
2C B 
L
 32 
2E2I
2C B 
4
 32  2EIC EIB - - - - - - - -  4 
2EI  3 
MCD FCD   2C D  
L  L 
2EI  3 
  2C  
3  3

     5 
4 2
 EIC  EI
3 3

2EI  3 
MDC FDC   2D  C 
L  L 
2EI  3 
  C  
3  3 

- - - - - - - -  6 
2 2
 EIC  EI
3 3

The unknown are B, ,C &  Accordingl y the boundary conditions are
MBA MBC  0
MCB MCD  0
HA HD 30  0
MAB MBA MCD MDC
i.e,   30  0
3 3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 90  0
4 2
Now, MBA MBC  EIB  EI  32  2EIB EIC
3 3
     7 
10 2
 EIB EIC  EI  32  0
3 3
 4 2
MCB MCD  32  2EIC EIB  EIC  EI
3 3
     8 
10 2
 EIB  EIC  EI  32  0
3 3

2 2 4 2 4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 90  EIB  EI  EIB  EI  EIC
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
 EI  EIC  EI  90
3 3 3
8
 2EIB 2EIC  EI  90
3
     9 
4
 EIB EIC  EI  45  0
3
From (7) & (9)
20 4
EIB 2EIC  EI  64  0
3 3
4
EIB EIC  EI  45  0
3

- - - - - --  10 
17
EIB 3EIC 109  0
3

By (8) and (9)

20 4
2EIB  EIC  EI  64  0
3 3
4
EIB EIC  EI  45  0
3

- - - - - - - -  11
17
3EIB  EIC 109  0
3
By (10) & (11)
17
EI B 3EI C 109  0
3
27
EI B 3EI C 57.71  0
17
208
EI B 166.71  0
17  3
166.71 17  3
EIB    40.88
208
From (10)
1 17 
EI C  109  EI B   40.88
3 3 
From (9)
EI 
3
EIB EIC 45
4
 40.88   40.88   45  95.07
3
4
Thus  EIB  40.88, EIC  40.88, EI  95.07
Substituting these values in slope deflection equations

MAB 
2
40.88   2 95.07   36.12 KNM
3 3
MBA  40.88   95.07   8.88 KNM
4 2
3 3
MBC  32  240.88    40.88   8.88 KNM
MCB  32  2 40.88   40.88   8.88 KNM

MCD 
4
 40.88   2 95.07   8.88 KNM
3 3
MDC   40.88   95.07   36.12 KNM
2 2
3 3
To find the reaction consider the free body diagram of the frame

Reactions:

Column AB
8.88  36.12
HA   15 KN
3

Beam AB
4
 8.88  8.88  24  4 
RB  2  48 KN
4
 RC  24  4  48  48 KN

Column CD
8.88  36.12
HD   15 KN
3
Check
ΣH = 0
HA + HD +P = 0
-15 – 15 + 30 = 0
Hence okay