Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS-2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AZ5-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-9199-0
Chimp Optimization Algorithm with Fuzzy Cognitive
Map for Vibration-based Damage Detection
2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS) | 978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICSCDS56580.2023.10105042
1 4
Uppara Raghu Babu
1 4
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Srinivasa
Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Rotarypuram Village, BK
Samudram Mandal, Anantapur District, India,
ammaraghubabu@gmail.com
2 5
Tarun Gehlot
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, College
of Technology and Agriculture Engineering Agriculture University,
jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, tarungehlot1103@gmail.com
3
Dr. S. Thenmozhi
3
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
St.Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India,
thenmozhicivil@yahoo.com
Abstract— In the past, S tructural health monitoring (S HM)
and vibration-oriented structural damage detection gain the
great attention of mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineers.
Initial and meticulous damage recognition has been one main aim
of S HM applications. One key difficulty for structural damage
detection utilizing observing dataset was to gain features that are
delicate to damage but insensitive to noise (for example sensor
measurement noise) along with the operational and
environmental effects (for instance temperature effect). The
performance of traditional damage detection techniques mainly
relies upon the choice of the classifier and the features.
Therefore, this study develops a Chimp Optimization Algorithm
with Fuzzy Cognitive Map for Vibration-based Damage
Detection (COAFCM-VDD) technique. The presented
COAFCM-VDD technique determines cross-correlation
functions of vibration data as fundamental features as input. The
proposed COAFCM-VDD technique intends to derive damage
features from the field measurement under the impact of noisy
uncertainty. For detecting the damages, the FCM model is
exploited in this work. At last, the performance of the FCM
model can be improvised by the COA. The experimental result
analysis of the COAFCM-VDD technique is tested using
vibration dataset and the obtained outcomes signify the improved
performance of the COAFCM-VDD technique.
Keywords— Damage detection; Vibration signals; Fuzzy
cognitive maps; Chimp optimization algorithm; Civil works
I. INT RODUCT ION
Due to human-induced, environmental and operational
factors, civil infrastructure has been always vulnerable to
different types of damage namely degradation, deterioration,
fatigue, shrinkage, creep, corrosion, and so on [1]. With their
comparatively huge size, damage assessment of engineering
structures has been proved to be expensive and laborious.
However, the engineering structure needs to be regularly
inspected to improve the lifecycle performance, remain
978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: Alliance College of Engineering and Design Bangalore. Downloaded on April 27,2023 at 08:45:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Dr. P. Saravanakumar
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Sri
Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu, India, psaravana2000@gmail.com
5
Dr A Ravitheja
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SVR
Engineering College, Ayyalur, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh,
India, dr_ravitheja@yahoo.com
6
Nishant Anantrao Upadhye
6
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth's
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology Pune, Mahrashtra,
India, rudranupadhye@gmail.com
operational, protect human lives and avoid catastrophic failures
[2]. Once damaged, the geometric and material features of a
structural element change, which affect stability and stiffness
of the infrastructure. Traditional damage assessment method
depends on periodic visual examination of structure is not
effective, particularly for composite structure as they need
easier access to the monitored structural member and well-
trained labor [3]. Quantifying, Detecting and locating structural
damage in engineering structures remains a continuing problem
for engineers and researchers. As a result, some research
studies have been held to develop automatic global and local
structural health monitoring (SHM) methodologies [4].
Global (viz., vibration-related) damage detection system is
exploited to measure the overall effectiveness of observed
structures by transforming the vibration responses into relevant
indices reflecting actual condition of the structures [5]. The
final objective of vibration-related method is to find location,
presence, and severity of destructed area by processing signals
assessed by the network of accelerometers. In parametric
method, system detection algorithm is exploited to define the
modal variables like mode shapes and natural frequencies from
the measured response [6]. Deviations in this parameter
regarding the parameter recognized for the undestructed cases
are used to find structural impairment. At the same time,
nonparametric approach employs statistical means to directly
find the impairment from the assessed signals [7].
Current advancement in communication and sensor
technologies (wired and wireless, contact and contactless, etc.)
has made opportunity for attainment of observables at an
unprecedented amount and rate [8]. Additionally,
advancements in other supporting software and hardware were
used in different forms. Deep Learning (DL) can be regarded
as a subbranch of machine learning (ML), and its applications
in handling great deal of information were scientifically proven
on several platforms [9]. The DL model could learn and
1032
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS-2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AZ5-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-9199-0
capture data that is hidden to forecast dissimilar patterns
through stacked block of the layers that form DL skeleton [10].
This study develops a Chimp Optimization Algorithm with
Fuzzy Cognitive Map for Vibration-based Damage Detection
(COAFCM-VDD) technique. The presented COAFCM-VDD
technique determines the cross -correlation functions of
vibration data as fundamental features as input. The proposed
COAFCM-VDD technique intends to derive damage features
from the field measurement under the impact of noisy
uncertainty. For detecting the damages, the FCM model is
exploited in this work. At last, the performance of the FCM
model can be improvised by the COA. The experimental result
analysis of the COAFCM-VDD technique is tested using
vibration dataset and the obtained outcomes signify the
improved performance of the COAFCM-VDD technique.
II. RELAT ED W ORKS
Kita et al. [11] introduce a novel technique for quickly
tackling earthquake induced damage detection processes in
historic masonry towers. The presented technique, named
DORI, integrates FE modeling, operational modal analysis
(OMA), nonlinear Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and
rapid surrogate modeling (SM). Even though OMA -related
Structural Health Monitoring technique with statistical pattern
detection allows the detection of smaller structural damage
because of earthquakes, even far-field ones of modest intensity,
integration of IDA and SM-oriented approaches for damage
quantification and localization were introduced. Ghannadi and
Kourehli [12] designed a new damage detection technique with
Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO). The presented technique is a
nature-inspired technique based on moth’s capability to
navigate in dark. Objective function comprises the term with
natural frequency and modal assurance criterion flexibility. In
order to demonstrate the performance, two mathematical
examples involving shear and truss frames were investigated.
In [13], proposed a data-driven technique for earlier
damage recognition. The technique depends on the effective
partitioning of the data, which gathers sensor recording, and on
classical multi-dimensional scaling (CMDS). The partitioning
process aimed at moving towards a lower dimensional feature
space; the CMDS technique can be rather used to set the
coordinate in lower dimensional space, and determined the
damage indices via norms of said coordinate. Huang and Lei
[14] present a damage detection technique based sensitivity
analysis and chaotic moth-flame-invasive weed optimization
(CMF-IWO) techniques that are exploited for concurrently
identifying damage of physical elements and bearings. Firstly,
sensitivity coefficient of eigenvalue to damage factor of
structural bearings and elements is assumed, regularization
objective function can be created for quantifying severity of the
damage, the regularization technique is exploited to resolve the
problems, while, modal strain energy-related index was
exploited for detecting damage location.
A damage detection architecture based enhanced MFO,
modal flexibility and modal frequency strain energy assurance
criterion (MFSEAC), was introduced in [15]. To assess the
performance of the presented technique, 3 benchmark functions
were initially utilized for validating the better performance of
enhanced MFO. The result indicates that improved MFO could
accomplish best optimization results than cuckoo search, MFO
978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: Alliance College of Engineering and Design Bangalore. Downloaded on April 27,2023 at 08:45:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
and PSO. In [16], a physics-guided data-driven technique is
introduced for incorporating physical perception into the data-
driven technique to identify structural damages. Especially, the
physics from the finite element models (dynamic features) is
integrated into the NN method for guiding the damage feature
learning from scarce measured datasets. Moreover, a loss
function with physical consequence is introduced for
evaluating the discrepancy amongst the measured data and the
finite element method that guides the NN for learning the
damage feature of the real-time structure.
III. PROPOSED M ODEL
This study has presented a novel COAFCM-VDD method
for the detection of damages using vibration signals. The
proposed COAFCM-VDD technique intended to derive
damage features from the field measurement under the impact
of noisy uncertainty. It encompasses CCP features, FCM
damage detection, and COA based parameter tuning. Fig. 1
defines the overall procedure of COAFCM-VDD approach.
Fig. 1. Overall process of COAFCM-VDD system
A. CCP Features
The presented COAFCM-VDD technique determined
cross-correlation functions of vibration data as fundamental
features as input. CCF was the measure of similarity and
correlation between 2 time series beside time axis, offering the
capability to determine helpful data in arbitrary signals [17]. To
separate time signals, CCF is computed as:
( ) ∑ () ( ) ( )
whereas signifies the acceleration response; sub‐ scripts
and represent the and sensors correspondingly; and
denotes time lag.
Based on the increase of Wiener‐ Khinchin theorem, CCF
and cross‐ power spectral density can be Fourier Transform
pairs that certainly comprise same data to a signal then during
the frequency and time domains, correspondingly. The
researchers verified that CCFs measure in white noise
excitation is same property with impulse response function as a
result is employed for identifying structural frequency and
damping ratios. The authors computed the maximal amplitude
vector in multi‐ dimensional CCFs that is formulated as weight
summation of mode shapes and employed for localized
damage. Thus, multi‐ dimensional CCFs contain every data of
modal properties. Besides, the CCF even decrease noise
outcome as the pure signal and noise can be considered
uncorrelated and can decay quickly with enhance of time lag .
Usually, particular features can be frequently more computed
instead of utilizing CCFs for damage detection directly;
therefore, not every damage data from CCF was comprised.
1033
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS-2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AZ5-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-9199-0

During this case, the CCFs can be defined as input of DCDAE there is no data concerning primary neuron state and assist in
for non-linear dimensional reduction. One of the modal preventing saturation problem.
properties is assumed in the non‐ linear dimensional reduction
procedure and signified by extraction features to further ( )
(∑ (
( )
) (
( )
)) (5)
effectual damage detection. All the CCFs instance prepared for
DL is computed with acceleration frame whose shape has
, whereas refers the length and signify the sensor The model produces a comparable output when cognitive
counts. To provide the reference sensor, shape of multi‐ network can converge, and activation amount of neurons
dimension CCFs is ( ) , and is next zero‐ remains unchanged. Altogether, a cyclic FCM produces
padding for second dimensional. various responses, apart from certain states. The last probable
case was associated with chaotic configuration whereas
B. FCM based Damage Detection Model network produces different state vectors.
For detecting the damages, the FCM model is exploited in C. COA based Hyperparameter Tuning
this work. FCM can be considered as an RNN, using
interpretability feature that is extensively exploited for Finally, the performance of the FCM model can be
modelling tasks [18]. They include a set of neural processing improvised by the COA. COA simulates the predatory
entity named neurons (concepts) and causal relationships. behaviors of chimps. The presented COA s plits population of
Usually, activation values of this neuron takes values within [0, every generation into 4 major groups, such as drivers,
1]; thereby, stronger activation value is, the higher its impact attackers, barriers, and chasers, and they cooperate against prey
on method. In this work, Weight connection is applicable. The [19]. The proposed algorithm has outstanding adaptive factors
power of causal relation amongst and concepts are that could assist to balance exploitation and exploration for
finding best solution. The COA can be mathematically
evaluated using mathematical weight and
modelled in the following:
indicated as causal edge from to ̇. There are 3 potential ⃗ |⃗⃗ ( ) ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ( )| ( )
kinds of causal relations among neural processing elements in
FCM-oriented network that states the effects from the single ⃗ ( ) ⃗ () ⃗ ⃗ ( )
neuron to others, as follows: The above two formula describes the driving and chasing
If , a rise (decrease) in generates an increment strategies of the algorithm. Especially, ⃗ chimp and ⃗
(decrease) in effect with intensity | | represents the coordinate of the individual and prey
If , a rise (decrease) in the generates a decrement correspondingly and characterizes the existing iteration
count. Furthermore, ⃗ ⃗, and ⃗⃗⃗ characterizes the coefficient
(increase) in neuron with intensity | | vector that is defined as follows:
If , there is no causal relationship amongst and ⃗ ⃗
⃗ ( )
. This rule is repeated till a stopping condition was satisfied. ⃗ ⃗ ( )
A novel activation vectors will be evaluated at each step and ⃗⃗⃗ ( )
after a pre-determined number of iterations. The FCM was From the expression, ⃗ indicates the vector linearly
specified to have converged if it acquires fixed-point attractors, diminishing within 2.5, ⃗ and ⃗ shows random vector
or else, the procedure stops afterwards they reached a maximal
that every dimension lies within , and ⃗⃗⃗ denotes the
iteration. random vector attained from chaotic mapping function.
( ) ( )
(∑ ) (2) The abovementioned algorithm defines the major flow of
In Eq. (2), ( ) indicates monotonically non-reducing non- algorithm. In all the iterations, the algorithm initially chooses
linear function employed for clamping activation values of the the four better individuals, and later other individuals upgrade
neurons to intervals. For instance, the bivalent function, the location based on them. This model can be mathematically
trivalent function, and sigmoid variant. Then, highlight sigmoid expressed in the following:
function because it illustrates the best predictive abilities. In ⃗ |⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗| ⃗
this work, non-linear transfer function was exploited where |⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗| ( )
denotes sigmoid slope and shows offset. Many studies have ⃗ |⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗| ⃗ |⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗|
revealed that the parameter was strongly interconnected with
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
network convergence.
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ( )
( ) (3)
( ) ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
This rule was selected when upgrading neuron activation ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
values that was not affected by neural processing entity. ⃗( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) The arbitrary vector ⃗ strengthen ( ) or weaken

(∑ ) (4)
Alternative adapted upgrading rules are presented to
prevent the conflict that occurred in event of the non -active
neuron. The rescaled inference allows to manage case where
( ) moving range of prey, Once the random vector ⃗ is
higher than 1 or lesser than , the model will be in
exploration phase; or else, it will be in exploitation phase.
Thus, the model could adjustably adjust exploration and
exploitation to search for a best solution. The pseudocode of
COA has been demonstrated in Algorithm 1.

978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1034

Authorized licensed use limited to: Alliance College of Engineering and Design Bangalore. Downloaded on April 27,2023 at 08:45:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS-2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AZ5-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-9199-0

0.0030 0.04292 0.05178

Algorithm 1: The pseudocode of COA
Initialize the population ⃗( ).
Set , and denotes a random
value within
Evaluate individual fitness.
Choose four leaders.
while
for every individual
Upgrade using Eqs. (8) and (10).
end for
every agent
if ( )
if(lal )
Upgrade its location using Eqs. (11) and (13).
else if (| | )
Choose a random individual.
end if
else if ( ) Fig. 2. Damage detection outcome of COAFCM-VDD system with varying
Upgrade its location using a regularization values
endif
end for Table 2 and Fig. 3 show an overall damage detection results
Evaluate individual fitness and choose four leaders. of the COAFCM-VDD method in terms of TRE and TSE
under varying de-noising levels. The outcomes display that the
end while COAFCM-VDD algorithm reaches least values of TSE and
Attain a better solution. TRE. For example, with de-noising level of 0.05, the
COAFCM-VDD approach TRE and TSE of 0.04117 and
0.04014 correspondingly. In the meantime, with de-noising
IV. RESULT S AND DISCUSSION level of 0.10, the COAFCM-VDD method acquires TRE and
The damage detection results of the COAFCM-VDD TSE of 0.04113 and 0.03984 correspondingly. Eventually, with
technique are investigated in detail. de-noising level of 0.20, the COAFCM-VDD system acquires
Table 1 and Fig. 2 report an overall damage detection TRE and TSE of 0.04179 and 0.03980 respectively. Similarly,
results of the COAFCM-VDD technique in terms of training with de-noising level of 0.30, the COAFCM-VDD approach
error (TRE) and testing error (TSE) under varying gains TRE and TSE of 0.04245 and 0.03996 correspondingly.
regularization values. The results indicate that the COAFCM -
VDD technique reaches least values of TSE and TRE. For T ABLE II
instance, with regularization of 0.0005, the COAFCM-VDD DAMAGE DET ECT ION OUT COME OF COAFCM-VDD SYST EM
technique obtains TRE and TSE of 0.03610 and 0.04633 WIT H VARYING DE-NOISING LEVELS
respectively. Meanwhile, with regularization of 0.0010, the
COAFCM-VDD method obtains TRE and TSE of 0.03951 and De -noising Level Training Error Testing Error
0.04769 correspondingly. Eventually, with regularization of 0.00 0.04153 0.04291
0.0020, the COAFCM-VDD approach gains TRE and TSE of
0.04088 and 0.04701 correspondingly. Likewise, with 0.05 0.04117 0.04014
regularization of 0.0030, the COAFCM-VDD method gains
TRE and TSE of 0.04292 and 0.05178 correspondingly. 0.10 0.04113 0.03984
T ABLE I
0.15 0.04119 0.03956
DAMAGE DET ECT ION OUT COME OF COAFCM-VDD SYST EM
WIT H VARYING REGULARIZAT ION VALUES
0.20 0.04179 0.03980
Re gulariz ation Training Error Testing Error 0.25 0.04213 0.03998
0.0000 0.03156 0.04178
0.30 0.04245 0.03996
0.0005 0.03610 0.04633

0.0010 0.03951 0.04769

0.0015 0.04042 0.04792

0.0020 0.04088 0.04701

0.0025 0.04042 0.04997

978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1035

Authorized licensed use limited to: Alliance College of Engineering and Design Bangalore. Downloaded on April 27,2023 at 08:45:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS-2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AZ5-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-9199-0

Fig. 3. Damage detection outcome of COAFCM-VDD system with varying de- Fig. 4. Loss analysis of COAFCM-VDD approach under T R dataset
noising levels

To show the effectual outcomes of the COAFCM-VDD

method, a wide range of simulations were performed.
Table 3 offers an overall loss examination of the
COAFCM-VDD technique with recent models on training
(TR), testing (TS), and validation (VD) datasets [17].
Fig. 4 represents the loss analysis of the COAFCM-VDD
method with the existing DCDAE model on TR dataset. The
results implied that the COAFCM-VDD technique reaches
improved results with minimal loss values. For instance, with
0.3 noise level, the COAFCM-VDD technique attains
decreasing loss of 0.03812 while the DCDAE technique
obtains increasing loss of 0.03990. Along with that, with 0.5
noise level, the COAFCM-VDD method gains decreasing loss
of 0.04501 while the DCDAE system obtains increasing loss of
0.04650. Finally, with 0.7 noise level, the COAFCM-VDD
method attains decreasing loss of 0.05707 while the DCDAE
Fig. 5. Loss analysis of COAFCM-VDD approach under VD dataset
technique finds increasing loss of 0.05850.

T ABLE III Fig. 5 signifies the loss analysis of the COAFCM-VDD

method with the existing DCDAE method on VD dataset. The
LOSS ANALYSIS OF COAFCM-VDD APPROACH WIT H RECENT
SYST EMS results implied that the COAFCM-VDD approach reaches
improved results with minimal loss values. For example, with
Loss 0.3 noise level, the COAFCM-VDD technique attains
Noise Training dataset Validation Dataset Testing dataset decreasing loss of 0.03759 while the DCDAE system reaches
Le ve l increasing loss of 0.03940. Also, with 0.5 nois e level, the
CO AFCM- CO AFCM- CO AFCM-
DCDAE DCDAE DCDAE
VDD VDD VDD COAFCM-VDD technique acheives decreasing loss of 0.04616
0.3 0.03990 0.03812 0.03940 0.03759 0.04000 0.03822 while the DCDAE method attains increasing loss of 0.04740.
0.5 0.04650 0.04501 0.04740 0.04616 0.04900 0.04772 Finally, with 0.7 noise level, the COAFCM-VDD method
0.7 0.05850 0.05707 0.05740 0.05619 0.05950 0.05802 attains decreasing loss of 0.05619 while the DCDAE method
attains increasing loss of 0.05740.
Fig. 6 denotes the loss analysis of the COAFCM-VDD
method with the existing DCDAE model on TS dataset. The
outcomes implied that the COAFCM-VDD method reaches
improved results with minimal loss values. For example, with
0.3 noise level, the COAFCM-VDD method recahes
decreasing loss of 0.03822 while the DCDAE system gains
increasing loss of 0.04000. In addition, with 0.5 noise level, the
COAFCM-VDD method gains decreasing loss of 0.04772
while the DCDAE method gains increasing loss of 0.04900. At
last, with 0.7 noise level, the COAFCM-VDD method attains
decreasing loss of 0.05802 while the DCDAE method gains

978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1036

Authorized licensed use limited to: Alliance College of Engineering and Design Bangalore. Downloaded on April 27,2023 at 08:45:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS-2023)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP23AZ5-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-9199-0

increasing loss of 0.05950. These results assured the better
performance of the COAFCM-VDD technique.
Fig. 6. Loss analysis of COAFCM-VDD approach under T S dataset
V. CONCLUSION
In this study, we have developed a new COAFCM-VDD
system for the detection of damages using vibration signals.
The presented COAFCM-VDD technique determined the
cross-correlation functions of vibration data as fundamental
features as the input. The proposed COAFCM-VDD technique
is intended to derive damage features from the field
measurement under the impact of noisy uncertainty. For
detecting the damages, the FCM model is exploited in this
work. At last, the performance of the FCM model can be
improvised by the COA. The experimental result analysis of
the COAFCM-VDD technique is tested using vibration dataset
and the obtained outcomes signify the improved performance
of the COAFCM-VDD technique. Later, the performance of
the COAFCM-VDD technique will be improved by optimal
feature selection process.
[8] Zhang, Z., 2020. Data-Driven and Model-Based Methods with Physics-
Guided Machine Learning for Damage Identification. Louisiana State
University and Agricultural & Mechanical College.
[9] Paul, S. and Jafari, R., 2018. Recent advances in intelligent -based
structural health monitoring of civil structures. Advances in Science,
Technology and Engineering Systems, 3(5), pp.339-353.
[10] Li, D., Cao, M., Deng, T . and Zhang, S., 2019. Wavelet packet singular
entropy-based method for damage identification in curved continuous
girder bridges under seismic excitations. Sensors, 19(19), p.4272.
[11] Kita, A., Cavalagli, N., Venanzi, I. and Ubertini, F., 2021. A new
method for earthquake-induced damage identification in historic
masonry towers combining OMA and IDA. Bulletin of Earthquake
Engineering, 19(12), pp.5307-5337.
[12] Ghannadi, P. and Kourehli, S.S., 2019. Structural damage detection
based on MAC flexibility and frequency using moth -flame
algorithm. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 70(6), pp.649-659.
[13] Entezami, A., Sarmadi, H., Behkamal, B. and Mariani, S., 2021. Health
Monitoring of Large-Scale Civil Structures: An Approach Based on
Data Partitioning and Classical Multidimensional
Scaling. Sensors, 21(5), p.1646.
[14] Huang, M. and Lei, Y., 2020. Bearing damage detection of a reinforced
concrete plate based on sensitivity analysis and chaotic moth -flame-
invasive weed optimization. Sensors, 20(19), p.5488.
[15] Huang, M., Li, X., Lei, Y. and Gu, J., 2020, December. Structural
damage identification based on modal frequency strain energy assurance
criterion and flexibility using enhanced Moth-Flame optimization.
In Structures (Vol. 28, pp. 1119-1136). Elsevier.
[16] Huang, Z., Yin, X. and Liu, Y., 2022. Physics-guided deep neural
network for structural damage identification. Ocean Engineering, 260,
p.112073.
[17] Shang, Z., Sun, L., Xia, Y. and Zhang, W., 2021. Vibration -based
damage detection for bridges by deep convolutional denoising
autoencoder. Structural Health Monitoring, 20(4), pp.1880-1903.
[18] Al Duhayyim, M., Mohamed, H.G., Alzahrani, J.S., Alabdan, R.,
Mousa, M., Zamani, A.S., Yaseen, I. and Alsaid, M.I., 2023. Modeling
of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps with a Metaheuristics-Based Rainfall
Prediction System. Sustainability, 15(1), p.25.
[19] Xiang, Y., Zhou, Y., Huang, H. and Luo, Q., 2022. An Improved
Chimp-Inspired Optimization Algorithm for Large-Scale Spherical
Vehicle Routing Problem with T ime Windows. Biomimetics, 7(4),
p.241.

REFERENCES
[1] Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Guo, X. and Li, Y., 2022. A new damage detection
method of single-layer latticed shells based on combined modal strain
energy index. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 172,
p.109011.
[2] Li, B., Lei, Y., Zhou, D., Deng, Z., Yang, Y. and Huang, M., 2021.
Bearing damage detection of a bridge under the uncertain conditions
based on the Bayesian framework and matrix perturbation
method. Shock and Vibration, 2021.
[3] Hou, R., 2019. Vibration-based structural damage identification using
sparse recovery and sparse bayesian learning.
[4] Movsessian, A., Cava, D.G. and T cherniak, D., 2022. Interpretable
machine learning in damage detection using Shapley Additive
Explanations. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in
Engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical Engineering, 8(2), p.021101.
[5] Nguyen, V.V., 2018. Damage identification of a bridge component
using model updating and artificial neural network techniques based on
frequency response functions (Doctoral dissertation).
[6] Singh, T . and Sehgal, S., 2022. Damage identification using vibration
monitoring techniques. Materials Today: Proceedings.
[7] Ozer, E., Özcebe, A.G., Negulescu, C., Kharazian, A., Borzi, B.,
Bozzoni, F., Molina, S., Peloso, S. and T ubaldi, E., 2022. Vibration -
based and near real-time seismic damage assessment adaptive to
building knowledge level. Buildings, 12(4), p.416.

978-1-6654-9199-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 1037

Authorized licensed use limited to: Alliance College of Engineering and Design Bangalore. Downloaded on April 27,2023 at 08:45:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.