Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4

Advance System for Driving Assistance

Using Arduino and Proteus Design Tool
2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV) | 978-1-6654-1960-4/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICICV50876.2021.9388620

Shwetha N1 , Niranjan L2 , Chidanandan V3 and 4 Sangeetha N

1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering
HKBK, College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
1
shwethaec48@gmail.com,2 niranjanl1983@g mail.co m, 3 chidanandan.v@dr-ait.org and
4
sangeethapramod.ec@drait.edu.in

Abstract: In the recent years, the automobile industry has
improved a lot for modifying and adding more advanced
features to make more protective safe environment for the
drive and the vehicle on the road which inter reduces road
accidents. As the major cause of road accidents are due to the
fault in the system or ignorance of the driver. This paper
presents the digital framework, which works as a control
system along with some sensors connected to the centralized
microcontroller for proper alert information to the driver. The
main idea is to make the driver more comfortable by
providing digital driver warning and control system in
Realtime with the help of CAN protocol which is incorporated
with the controller. The major advantage of this system is to
provide the user with relevant information like status of traffic
light ahead of the vehicle, leakage of gas in the vehicle and
glaring effect of lights from the upcoming vehicles to control
the high beam and low beam of the vehicle.
Keywords: Arduino UNO,CAN, LM35, LDR,
MCP2551, SRAM, PWM.
1. Introduction
As observed, the world is changing very rapidly and in the
same way the different technologies are also being
developed for the comfort of human lives. It also makes life
easier and fails to prove. Presently, this research work
focuses on the vehicle protection and driver comfort [1]. It
also being improvised continuously for any elimination of
errors in the system. In this paper we focus on the
mechanism framework where in the driver feels more
comfortable during the driving with add-on control over the
vehicle. Here, the system consists of a transceiver section
which are controller via the microcontroller which intern
connected to the CAN bus [2]. The same is interlinked with
some sensors like LDR, Temperature sensor, Gas Sensor,
buzzer and light dimmer circuit. At the receiver side it is
incorporated with RF module to receiver the traffic signal
status [1,3]. Most of the accidents are happening in a
regular interval and people are getting injured , this is
because of the ignorance of the driver or less awareness or
not obeying the traffic signals or losing control of the
vehicle [3]. This paper compromises a digital system to
caution the driver related to the information of the traffic
signals which is ahead of the vehicle with safety features
like knowing the status of any leakage of gas in the gas -
powered vehicles [4]. The system is designed to not only
display the information related to traffic signal and any
leakage of gasit also controls the high-beam and low-beam
of the vehicle automatically without interruption of the
driver [5]. This adds an advantage to the user while driving
without any hassle. The control system is situated in the
vehicle where in driver has more interaction with the
vehicle for safer driving.
1.2 CAN Protocol
MQ6,
As seen in automobile most of the communication will take
place using CAN protocol, which is used for
communication between the systems. The main advantage
of this protocol is it has very high-speed data transfer
between the system nodes in duplex modes [2]. The nodes
are connected to the microcontroller in serial fashion. The
serial bus transmission protocol is used here where in the
data corruption is prevented. The protocol is designed
especially for automobile industry to reduce the complexity
of circuity in which all the control units are connected.
During the transmission CAN reduced the noise or
electrical interferences which are introduced during
transmission. In the proposed system the CAN bus is
responsible for transmit of data from transmission section to
the receiver section with all relevant indications. Figure 1
shows the CAN BUS protocol where in the data transfer
from the sensors like lightsensor, gas sensor and
temperature sensors through the CAN nodes to the
centralized system. The centralized system is the Arduino
controller where in the information is compared with the

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4

threshold values and the decision is taken care by the accidents because of gas leakage, glaring effect of vehicles
controller through the actuators. and increase in temperatures within the cabins where in the
user may be un aware of it.

3. Hardware Components
3 .1 Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO is based on ATmega328 controller
where in the operating voltage of the controller is 5V. The
recommended input voltage varies from 7 to 12 volts. The
voltage limitation of the controller is from 6 to 20v. It has
Fig. 1: CAN BUS 14 digital I/O pins of which 6 provides PWM output. It has
2. Proposed System 6 analogy input pins with DC current of 40mA and for the
load drive 50mA at 3.3V. The main advantage of this
controller is it has 32k bytes of Flash Memory, 2kB of
SRAM and clock frequency of 16Mhz.

3.2 LM 35

Fig. 3: LM35 Temperature Sensor

Figure 3 shows the temperature sensor. It is used to s ense

the temperature in Centigrade and the very famous one is
the LM 35 temperature sensor. The sensor output is directly
connected to the controller through the analogy pin as it
gives the linear temperature variations till the end of the
cycle. It works on 50uA to 60uA current plus has minimal
self-heating system. The sensor is sensitive to the
temperatures from -55 to 1500 C.
Fig. 2: Proposed System
3.3 LDR Photoresistor
In the proposed system the Arduino UNO controller are
used at both transmitter and receiver. Traffic signal
transmission is sent via Arduino UNO using RF module
section [5]. At the first transmitter section the status of the
traffic light is transmitted through the RF module to the
receiver section where in the receiver section compares the
information related to the traffic updates during the process . Fig. 4: Light Dependent Resistor
The information is fed to the used via the LCD module [6].
The second transmitter is interfaced withgas sensor for The LDR sensor as shown in the figure 4 is used to respond
detecting gas leakage, light sensor used to detect Glaring to the intensity of light falling on the device is converted to
effect to control the high beam and low beam of the vehicle the respective electrical signals. It works on the
and temperature sensor to monitor the temperature inside phenomenon of photoconductivity where in the resistance
the unit. At the receiver side the alert system is used to of the sensor reduced as the light intens ity raises and the
caution the driver regarding the gas leakage [8]. Both the resistance increases as the light intensity is decreased.
transmitter and the receivers are connected via CAN bus
protocol to exchange the information at higher speed. The
proposed system uses the RF as a medium to transfer the
information to the user in a convenient way to avoid

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4

3.4 Gas Sensor Realtime prefer audible signal rather visual information
during the run time of the vehicle.

3.7 LCD

Fig. 5: MQ 6 Gas Sensor

The MQ-6 gas sensor as show in the figure 5 is usedto

detect gas leakage in the inside compartment of the vehicle.
It is design such that it is capable of detecting gases which
are flammable in nature. The detection process is followed
by initialization of the sensor with 5v which in turn heats
the coil as a load resistance which in turn connected to the
ADC. The difference in resistance with respect to the gas
present is determined by the controller. The difference
values are compared with the threshold values in the
controller and the decision is displayed via the LCD to the
user. The information related to the sensor is with in the
first controller, which helps the controller to response must
faster than in the secondary controller.
3.5 MCP2551 Transceiver
Fig. 8: 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display
Figure 8 shows the LCD, The liquid crystal display is
interfaced with the controller for displaying the information
related to the surrounding sensor status . It can support up to
16 characters in single row for the driver and also the status
of surrounding environment to the user. The system makes
the user more comfortable by displaying the information
related to gas condition, temperature in the cabin, and also
helps to indicate the status of head lights in the vehicle
during the day time.
4. Flow Diagram of the System

Fig. 6: MCP2551 Transceiver

Figure shows the transceiver module which is high-speed

transceiver with fault tolerance to serves as the interface
between the controller CAN bus. The Transceiver convers
the signal received form the controller to readable format
and send that signal to CAN bus, in turn the CAN protocol
send this signal to the respective controller. The module
uses single chip transceiver where in it uses the four-wire
digital serial interface and has integrated with an IF and
data filters. The range is around 30 meters with onboard
antenna.

3.6 Buzzer

Fig. 7: Buzzer

Figure 7 shows the buzzer which is used to indicate an Fig. 3:Flow Chart of Transmitter Section
audible signal to the user in critical situation. The buzzer is
an electromechanical device. When applied with voltage it
starts vibrating which forms the buzzing sound. The device
makes more comfortable for the user to responds to the
situation rather visual information. Most of the user in

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4

Fig. 5: Resistance Variation of LDR1

Figure 5 shows the variations of resistance values of light

dependent resistor (LDR1) in Realtime.

Fig. 6: Resistance Variation of LDR2

Fig. 4: Flow Chart of Receiver Section Figure 6 shows the variations of resistance values of light
dependent resistor (LDR2) in Realtime.
Figure 3 & 4 shows the flow diagram of the transmitter
section and the receiver section. The transmitter section is
initialized from the controller along with initialization of
other peripherals like ADC, LCD and GPIO. The CAN Bus
for both transmitter and receiver are initialized. At the
receiver side all the parameters of LDR and Gas are
considered and compared with the threshold values. If any
one of the parameters varies then the output is Displayed on
the LCD with audible signal.

5. Experimental Results
The results are calculated using the Arduino serial port
interface. The values of all the sensors are compared with
real-time & theoretical values. The comparison has extended
to different sensors with different threshold values and the
same has been noted down. Fig. 7: Comparison of LDR1 & LDR2

Figure 7 shows the comparison values and its variations of

resistance of light dependent resistor (LDR1 & LDR2) in
Realtime.

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4

Fig. 8: Coil Re sistance Variation of Gas Se nsor MQ 6
Figure 8 shows the variations of resistance values of gas
sensor MQ6 coil in Realtime.
6. Conclusion
In the proposed system the CAN bus is used for the
communication purpose for the advance automobile control
system. This is used to control the vehicle and alert the
driver in an emergency situation. The status of the sensors is
displayed on to the LCD and also a buzzer is used in the
system if in case of Realtime emergency occurs. Some of the
status like the information related to temperature, gas
leakage, reduction in glare is displayed on the LCD. During
the experimental process, this research work has
concentrated on the comfort of the driver and control of the
vehicle in a safer manner by observing all the parameters in a
continuous fashion. It was also observed that the information
from the sensors in real-time using CAN protocol has much
faster interaction to the user rather a normal bus wiring in the
system. This is contribution to the automobile industry for
the safety of the passenger and the driver to minimise the
accidents due to faults by the driver or by faults form the
vehicle.When it comes to disadvantage, the number of
transmitters will be more for transmitting the traffic signal
from one end to another end. But still when it comes to
safety of the drivers and vehicles the system is a addon
advantages to the near features to control the accidents by
knowingly or by unknowingly.

Fig. 9: Coil Re sistance Variation of Gas Se nsor MQ 9
7. Future Scope
The proposed system is not only designed for gasoline
vehicles but can be implemented on electric vehicles
without much modification of the existing protocol. The
other advantages of the system are, it can be incorporated in
any of the vehicles from small cars to heavy trucks in near
feature with minor modifications of number of sensors.

Figure 9 shows the variations of resistance values of gas References

sensor MQ9 coil in Realtime.
Fig. 10: Comparison of Coil resistance of Gas Sensor MQ 6 & MQ 9
Figure 10 shows the comparison values and its variations of
Coil resistance of gas sensor MQ6 & MQ9 coils in Real-
time.
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