Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J88-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8271-4
Implementation and Health Monitoring System of
Vehicle by using IoT and Cloud Computing
Dr. G.N.R. PRASAD, Lakshman Kumar Kanulla,
Sr. Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA, Software Engineer, Department of
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of information technology,
Technology (A), Apple Inc.
Gandipet, hyderabad, India. USA.
2022 6th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) | 978-1-6654-8271-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICECA55336.2022.10009432
gnrp@cbit.ac.in knvslakshmankumar@gmail.com
Dr. S. Suma Christal Mary
Professor of information technology,
Panimalar Engineering College
Poonamalle, India.
sumasheyalin@gmail.com
Abstract— This article takes an Internet of Things (IoT)
based, embedded vehicle health monitoring system as its
starting point for examination. How well it can identify a
vehicle's state by keeping tabs on its internal metrics, including
its heating rate, engine oil level, and CO status. The problems in
the car's actuators and sensors, whether caused automatically
by the vehicle or the user, may be detected and identified by a
real-time vehicle health monitoring system. In reality, cars
break down after a given amount of time, and if they may not
maintain at regular intervals, it might be fatal for the people
riding inside. As such, the fundamental goal of this system is to
create an IoT-based embedded system capable of detecting the
internal state of a vehicle by assessing the many metrics used to
analyze the vehicle's present health status. True to its name, this
is a real-time assessment tool for easy health status checking.
That being the case, it gives you complete and accurate data
about the state of your car. After several disruptions and
uncertainties, this IoT-based system promises to be able to
detect and diagnose actuator and sensor problems with almost
zero detection lag.
Keywords— Vehicle, Monitoring system, IoT, Cloud
computing
I. INTRODUCTION
There are many individual components in a car that work
together to form larger systems like the powertrain. These
hardware parts are expensive because of their complicated
designs and assembly processes[6,7]. The performance of
various pieces of hardware Using an ever-increasingly
complex network of software components, e may be fine-
tuned.[8,9] It is easy to imagine how difficult it would be to
keep track of all these parts, particularly in the event of
damage or failure. Current practices of doing most
maintenance only when there is a visual breakdown in the
vehicle are known as reactive maintenance; this kind of
maintenance is expensive, time-consuming, and potentially
unsafe since it waits for failure to occur before beginning
repair. Improving component and subsystem lifetimes
decreases vehicle servicing and repair costs and provides
vehicle fault/failure prediction methods. Can all be
accomplished by implementing a health monitoring system
that can automatically diagnose the operating conditions of
various subsystems and warn the driver/owner. Some studies
using the references from [1-3] and other websites and tools
[5-7] to fulfill the need to create a monitoring system.
978-1-6654-8271-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: Zhejiang University. Downloaded on February 23,2024 at 17:47:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Vivek ijjagiri,
Software Engineer, Department of
information technology,
University of Cumberlands
Kentucky, USA.
vijjagiri4511@ucumberlands.edu
Many people in the modern world want to drive internet-
enabled, intelligent automobiles. Presently 947 million
passenger automobiles and 335 million commercial vehicles
are on the road worldwide [1]. By 2020, most automakers will
try to equip their cars with built-in connections, internet
access, and IoT technologies [2]. With the Internet of Things
(IoT), companies may link their recognizable objects to the
internet using a standardized set of protocols that can generate
existing business operations and perhaps establish new
methods to function on heterogeneous networks [3]. The
internet has enabled the interconnection of almost all
equipment in our homes, workplaces, vehicles, and factories.
The Internet of Things has become well-known in many
spheres to improve human convenience and security.
Generally used in the automotive sector, the Internet of Things
may be segmented into three subfields [4]. Initially, vehicle-
to-vehicle communication relies on radio signals from
neighboring cars to establish a network. Vehicle-to-
infrastructure (or V2I) is the second subset; it refers to the
network's ability to interface with external systems. The third
subset deals with interfacing between vehicles and hardware
or internal/external devices [5,10].
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that
links objects or things with software, sensors, actuators,
network connection, and other electronics, enabling the
devices to share and compile data to respond intelligently.
[6,11].
The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) describes
scenarios in which computer devices generate, consume, and
share digital information with little human
intervention[12,13]. With the advent of new Internet of Things
(IoT) items, including internet-enabled gadgets, automobile
automation components, and energy management devices, the
concept of an "Intelligent steering-wheel system" has emerged
to provide enhanced convenience and security for
motorists.[14,15]
II. ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSED
METHODOLOGY:
As a whole, this system includes both the hardware
architecture and the software code that runs it. The software
component is a web-based application for communicating
with the vehicle's owner and manufacturer about the presence
of a malfunction that necessitates service.
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 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J88-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8271-4
A. Hardware system:
The Microcontroller, responsible for the circuitry, allows
the circuit to run on a DC power source. A temperature sensor
is used in the monitoring system's hardware interface to detect
temperature and transmit the information to the
Microcontroller in real-time.
Fig. 1. Hardware system
Apart from them, the engine makes use of two sensors.
The fuel level sensor is essentially a voltage divider device
that monitors the engine oil level and displays the status of the
oil in the engine in real-time. MQ7-based CO sensor To
determine whether the CO levels in the machine are
abnormally high or standard, a is installed.
A Wi-Fi module, in this case, an ESP8266, is connected to
the microcontroller so that the data may be updated in real-
time to be shown on the LCD screen. With the help of an
Internet of Things (IoT) network, the Wi-Fi module may both
upload and download information to and from the server.
When the temperature, oil level, or CO status changes when
the Wi-Fi module connects to an IoT network, the web server
will send an update message to the website.
B. Cloud module:
The system's cloud module includes a GUI meant for user
services and data maintenance that is supplied to and stored
by the web server. This cloud component will serve as a
database for storing and retrieving data in real-time and a
front-end application in the form of a website.
The system will create the user's profile in the database and
assign a unique user key at the front end. This unit details the
PHP-based server site the user may use to send requests and
get replies from the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. Data supplied
through Wi-Fi to a router is fetched by the server's database
thanks to the coding. ESP8266 module set up with the router
to establish a connection to the server. The ESP8266 will send
data to the web server specified by the Attention (AT)
command after it has received valid information from the
microcontroller through a serial connection. Data collected in
the future may be used for things like online monitoring and
performance review.
When the time comes, the system will keep track of all the
information the user inputs on the devices, and the activities
carried out on them. The data received from the gateway is
kept in the back end by the user's instructions and machines
and indicated on the user's profile under the heading "device
data."
III. METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION:
The system's principal function is to recognize or detect
the characteristics of a conventional or electrical vehicle. This
setup shows the engine's temperature, oil, and carbon
monoxide levels. The system will continue tracking these
metrics and upload the collected data to a central server
through Wi-Fi so that many users can access it.
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The vehicle's owner, the car industry, and government
agencies like the District Transport Office may all find this
data meaningful. The key characteristics or goals of the
system developed on the use of a microcontroller to allow for
future expansion and customization. Secure Wi-Fi data
transfer is made possible. Implementing the system requires a
web server or a cloud-based server. The system uses open-
source, widely-used web technologies and applications to
maximize its reach and user base.
This circuit uses the widely used SST89E516RD2
microcontroller from the 8052 family and its 40-pin DIP
packaging, and it was created and simulated using the Proteus
simulation program. Two ceramic capacitors, each 200 nF in
value, are placed between pins 1 and 2 and pins 2 and 3 to
dampen vibrations and noise.
Even though some microcontrollers include an
inbuilt oscillator, the SST89E516RD2 does not. Without such
an oscillator, the microcontroller cannot retrieve its program
instructions in time for execution. Therefore, an external
oscillator circuit is for this application. The switching circuit's
clock source may be a crystal oscillator, resonator, function
generator, or even a second microcontroller. Pins 18 and 19 of
the SST89E516RD2 are labeled XTAL1 and XTAL2,
respectively. These crystals are the most popular oscillator
choice for microcontrollers.
According to its specifications, SST89E516RD2 can
function at frequencies between 0 and 33 MHz. A crystal
oscillator in the range of 0 to 33 MHz. The 11.0592 MHz
crystal in this system.
In the context of serial transmission, this peculiar number
plays a crucial role. If serial communication isn't required, the
system can use a crystal with a frequency anywhere from 0 to
33 MHz. However, if serial communication is required, the
system must use a crystal with a frequency of 11.0592 MHz,
or it will experience errors when communicating with external
devices. Because the Wi-Fi module ESP8266 can only talk to
the microcontroller through a serial connection, the system
must support serial communication. Ceramic capacitors C1
and C2 of value 33PF are connected in parallel to the crystal
to ground at pins 18 and 19.
Fig. 2. Circuit implementation.
We don't need an external ADC since the digital
temperature sensor DS18B20 communicates with the
microcontroller through a 1-wire protocol, in which the
microcontroller sends a command to the DS18B20 via an I/O
pin and then receives the sensor's response on the same tack.
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 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J88-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8271-4

A voltage divider is a mechanism for fuel level monitoring.

Vout = (R1/R1+R2) * Vin, as expected from a voltage divider
circuit. The output voltage is adjusted by R1 and R2, while When the server computer is turned on, once all the
Vin remains constant. Since voltage is an analog signal and necessary components have been plugged in and toggled on,
therefore cannot be measured by a micro-controller, the the microcontroller begins sending data from the vehicle's
middle terminal is connected to an MSP3204, a 12-bit sensors to the database over Wi-Fi. The database contains the
analogue to digital converter. It uses the SPI protocol, which information as a table with the following columns:
requires four signal lines (MISO, MOSI, CLK, and RST[5]) observation fields, additional fields, and parameters.
to talk to the microcontroller or host. MQ7-based sensor
sensitive to CO, constructed from SNO2, is being used to
determine whether or not CO levels are high.
IV. DATA COLLECTION PROCESS:
A user interfaces web page to accept client requests, i.e.,
the vehicle user, to communicate between client and server.
The user interface and web front end are linked to a database
server in the background. Users may interact with the system
by submitting requests to the server through the website. Over
WiFi, the server receives the client's request and responds in
kind. The database is the web server's primary backend, with Fig. 4. Data collection process
particular attention paid to its architecture as an integrated
shared platform for storing user instructions sent through the The whole setup is to monitor and report on the car's vitals
web page. The database is a central hub that connects the in real-time, including the temperature, oil level, and carbon
platform's data storage for circuit-connected sensors with data monoxide levels. Consequently, the graphical user interface
collected through a web server. The database may built for the client includes a Real-time Monitor option,
communicate with the MySQL server (DSN) using a data allowing the Administrator and users to examine the data in
source name. The microcontroller has been pre-programmed real-time. Figure 4 shows real-time information on a single
so that each time a specific condition is met; it Will send the car.
data gathered from the car to the server in real time. After a
certain length, sensors send their data to the server through a
WiFi router and microcontroller AT89S52, recorded in a
database. A notification will be issued to the vehicle's owner
if an anomaly is detected in the collected data [6]. When the
system detects that the CO level is too high, it will sound an
alarm until it drops.
V. RESULT WITH DISCUSSION:
This work aims to monitor multiple characteristics of a car,
such as temperature, oil level, and CO status, using an IoT
connection. Some experimental findings during the execution
of the system, in which users may access and analyze the
vehicle's performance. Visualizations of the system's output
are available both locally on the server and remotely on the
client side, thanks to the presence of graphical user interfaces.

Fig. 5. Result display

VI. CONCLUSION:
Gathering the data necessary to assess the vehicle's health
across various metrics is the first step in the process. The

Fig. 3. IoT experimentation and visualization

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 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J88-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8271-4
results of the vehicle on numerous parameters of the car's
subsystems are included in this data. Also, the practicality and
cost-effectiveness of several health monitoring approaches, [8]
which vary in how they collect parameter data, are noticed.
[9]
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