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Multi Model Implementation on General Medicine Prediction with Quantum

Neural Networks

Conference Paper · February 2021

DOI: 10.1109/ICICV50876.2021.9388575

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4

Multi Model Implementation on General Medicine

2021 Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV) | 978-1-6654-1960-4/20/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICICV50876.2021.9388575

Prediction with Quantum Neural Networks

Swarn Avinash Kumar
IIIT Allahabad,
UP, India
line 4: City, Country
kswarnavinash@gmail.com
abhishek.kumar@chitkara.edu.in
Abhishek Kumar,SM IEEE
Chitkara University Institute of
Engineering and Technology,
Chitkara University,
Himachal Pradesh, India
Rashmi Agrawal,SM IEEE
Vishal Dutt
Department of Computer Faculty of Computer Application
Manav Rachna International
Science,
Institute of Research and Studies
Aryabhatta College,
Faridabad, India
Ajmer, India
drrashmiagrawal78@gmail.com
vishaldutt53@gmail.com

Abstract— Medical is the large-scale repository where there is
more chances to create a new model in the zone of prediction.
The proposed methodology mentioned in this article speaks about
the general medicine prediction using QNN which is a
challenging factor in the prediction model design and
implementation. The main cause of predicting the general
medicine is to predict the accurate medical combination for the
patient who needs some medication and doesn’t find the accurate
medication in pharmacy or with the druggist. The proposed
methodology with QNN is having the option to predict the
accurate general medicine for the patient with some disease
factors as the symptoms. The accuracy achieved is 92% with the
neural network which is a hybrid mechanism with the initial data
factors are considered using the expert systems. The concept of
expert systems is required in this mechanism because frames are
being used in this proposed architecture related to the medicine
prediction. Using frames, we can make the combination of the
drugs and predict the accurate mechanism to check the alternate
general medicine which is no harm to the patient until he or she
gets the medical support. This general medicine prediction will be
the standby process for the patient who requires the medicati on
immediately and not able to get the accurate medicines from the
nearest pharmacy.
Keywords— Quantum Neural Networks, Prediction, Medical,
Medicine, General Drug, Drug combination
I. INT RODUCT ION
The drug prediction in general medicine with different
combinations will be helpful for the plenty of patients who are
not having the immediate medical facility of the higher dosage
drugs. The medicines that are used for critical care will be
having different compositions and for each kind of composition
different approaches are utilized to define the purpose of
combining that combination[1]. As a biotech researcher, a
scientist can propose a specific combination of a drug for the
specific symptoms and we can fail to get that specific higher
combination drugs immediately in the location where we are.
But for every drug, there is an internal basic symptom, which
can be further used for the prediction of general medicine. The
combination of general medicine can be automated using
artificial intelligence and there is a concept of expert systems
where we can get the data related to the different co mbinations
and that data can be a news feed for the prediction model[2].
There is a need to understanding the purpose of designing a
specific prediction model wh ich can be further helpful for
understanding the creation of a specific combination. Finding
the combination for the initial purpose is not a prediction
criterion but understanding the medicines which can be a
substitute to the patients until they get the full-length medical
service is the best phase of medication prediction. The general
medicines will work on basic level symptoms and those
symptoms can be included in any kind of basic medications.
For an instance, there is a patient with some crit ical health
problem, like cancer[3]. That cancer patient can have fever
often. But the patient can’t get the cancer-related medication
immediately. So that he needs some alternative to sustain the
fever weakness until he reaches the hospital. For that purpose,
we need to create the prediction model, which can only give
alternative medicines like general medicines that can help the
patient to sustain the illness until he or she reaches the hospital
for complete treatment.
There is a user interface where the patient can get the data
related to the general medicine he can use. But the prediction
will be done based on the user medical reports which are
already included in the application. The proposed methodology
worked on designing a full-length application like electronic
health records which can handle the medical records for better
performance. The performance will be for designing the
prediction model for accurate med ical resource utilization[4].
The utilization is the most important thing in machine learning.
The utilizat ion of the neural networks and the expert systems
will be best assert for the better result of the modeling [5].
The modeling in this application requires few things. The
major thing required is that the prediction model which is not
having an accurate result will collapse. That’s the reason for
maintaining the patient's records. The application wh ich was
created will be alerting the patient for further reviews and what
are the things that need to be taken care of while uploading the
medical reports to the application. While uploading the data,
we need to be careful, by checking whether we are giv ing the
right information or not. this EHR application can be helpful
for the patients to be in contact with their doctors [6]. The
doctors can help the patients by answers or responding to the
issues. The expert system will work on frame concepts in this
proposed system. Figure 1 will exp lain the purpose and
example of frames in this proposed architecture.

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4
Fig. 1. Frames example implementation
Frames consist of concise naming conventions where we can
communicate with the data based on the frame name and the
naming conventions we give to the nodes [7]. There are some
special features where we can map the variables. Those are
mentioned below.
x AKO – A kind of
x INST – Instance of
x PROP – Property
All the above three mechanisms are the most important
things for the frame designing and imp lementation[8]. The
frame is the combination of all the properties related to a
specific domain. For an instance, we can take a combination
of different diseases and we can form the common symptoms
into one frame under the disease frame as the major frame.
The frame which resembles that specific symptom will
connect to the frames which are the INST of the other
frame[9]. It looks pretty confusing in the initial stage, but it
works well to understand the major requirement of med ical
imaging in general medicine prediction.
The lateral part of the art icle deals with the basics of the QNN
with expert systems, next with the existing approaches using
literature review, next with the proposed model, finally ,
conclude with the result.
II. METHODOLOGIES
There are different prediction models we can use for this
kind of comp lex application. We have the challenge of
implementation of the prediction model using the
classification and regression problems [10]. But in this
scenario, we basically need the classification methodology
where we can imp lement the basic support vector mach ine
models wh ich can calculate the classification of the two
features based on their properties. The properties of the
features will be defined by the expert system and based on the
expert system; we are t rying to understand the user
requirements in the form of new features. Backpropagation is
the ancient method which is used for the feature extraction and
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selection[11]. But currently in in itial stage there is no need of
using the back propagation for the feature extraction. The
feature selection can be done by the PCA modeling. The PCA
(Principal Co mponent Analysis) is the methodology in the
dimensionality reduction where we can get access to the data
which are most required things for the modeling. The
modeling defines the features importance based on the
accuracy measure and sometimes we call it as the confusion
matrix[12]. We have the approach of the defining the methods
using the PCA but the main target here is to maintain the pace
of implementation with QNN and the Expert system.
A. Expert system
The expert system is the combination of several people we
call them as the experts in some zone and they can give
complete information related to the domain and there is a huge
requirement of the medical imaging while we are implementing
the medical do main expert system. There are lot more
applications which can connect the patient and the doctor to
manage the medical transactions. But there is a requirement of
implementation of the pure drug analysis using the medical
domain[13]. The drug is the basic thing we can use for saving
the person with some emergency symptoms. The expert system
consists of the knowledge engineer who can give his or her
complete knowledge on one simple concept and then on similar
concept we need to take the review of the other experts. All the
information related to one domain can be stored in the
knowledge base. The knowledge base is the basic idea behind
the storage of the information being provided by the different
experts. The knowledge base can be accessible from anywhere
fro m the globe[13]. The live data can be captured by the big
data mechanisms and then we need to understand the
requirement of the modelling using the big data tools which
can perform the pre-processing of the data which is arriving in
live. The live content of the medical data of the patient can be
stored based on the patient’s current status . The current status
of the patient can be understood by the machine and that
modelling will be done by the standard mechanisms like
Support vector machines, random forest, and Bayesian
mechanism. The mechanisms in general using by the expert
system will be discussed later.
The frame is the comb ination of the several entities. All the
entities will form a specific zone of the domain. As mentioned
in the figure 1 frames will bind the objects based on the
category and those are the most important factors. The factors
which we go with the modelling is the basic things which we
use for the neural network implementation.
B. Quantum Neural Networks
The QNN is another level of implementation of the
concepts. The concepts related to the medical domain have the
major scope of implementation with highest amount of the
accuracy. The figure 2 will state the architecture of the
quantum neural network in an easy manner[14].
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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4
Fig. 2. Architecture of QNN
In this architecture we have different features as the inputs and
there is a weight for every node and based on the bias and the
weight, we need to map the inputs to the hidden layers. There
are different activation functions we need to imp lement in the
modeling. The activation function will help the modelin g to
create the active and deactivate state for the input. For an
instance if there is a need to create a model for the medical
imaging and then we segment the image then we need to map
them to the specific input nodes and each node will consider as
the active and deactivate state. When its turn is triggered then it
must activate and if that is not that specific node turn, then it
must be in deactivate state[15]. Then we can form the output
with the better accuracy. The activation function are many
kinds and most common and most used function is sigmoid.
The sigmoid activation function in the neural network will
work as mentioned below figure 3. It is an S- shaped
differential function used in the neural networks and it works
based on the threshold value which is pre-defined before
creating the neural network[16].
Fig. 3. Sigmoid Activation Function Using in QNN
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There is another concept to mention in this activation function. The
formulation of the sigmoid function using the pictorial representation using
the neural network is mentioned as follow in the figure 4. The figure 4 will
mention the implementation of the sigmoid function.
Fig. 4. Sigmoid Activation Function with Multi-Layer
This multi-layer imp lementation is useful for the better
implementation of the neural network with better
understanding[17].
C. SVM
The support vector mach ine modelling will help the drug
analysis modelling to map the specific drug co mbination for
the specific category of the symptoms of the disease. To be
precise, we are mapping the inputs to the outputs based on the
category. We are performing effective categorization of the
variables using the random variab les. The random samp les of
the features will form the classification, and each combination
is imp lemented several t imes fo r better checking of the
accuracy of the modelling. The modelling can be helpful for
the better imp lementation of the quantum neural network. The
neural network can be achieved using the SVM in a smarter
manner and in a brighter manner. The methodology we are
mentioning in the proposed system is the most important and
accurate thing[18].
III. EXISTING SYSTEM AND LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review and the existing system are null in this
factor. This is a kind of new concept where we can work on the
new concepts like drug analysis. The drug prediction system is
the most important factor where we need to focus on the
medical related information. The symptoms are different so the
methodology must be different in all the aspects. The neural
network imp lementation can give boost for the patient drug
prediction and also we can imp lement the QNN for the better
implementation of the patients future health prediction[19].
Several researchers are working on the similar concept of
implementation of the drug prediction and we call it as the
general medicine implementation. The general medicine
implementation is the major concept where no research work is
not done perfectly[20][21][22].
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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2021).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4
Fig. 5. Medical trail implementation on drugs
Figure 5 represents the medical trials on the newly identified
drugs and there is a need for the checking alternatives of the
specific symptoms. There are lot more applications which are
being imp lemented in the medical domain in the form of the
medical electronic health records and there are lot more
chances to manipulate the mechanism using the machine
learning. The chances of implementation of the drug analysis
and the prediction till now was very low and there is a hug e
scope for this kind of medical research where we can
implement the medical drug prediction using machine learning
in an easy manner[23].
Electronic health records is the application we can consider as
the one of the existing systems where users give the input to
the application using the mobile or the web application which
is an internet based application[24]. We need to plot the factors
of the features where which feature can give the highest
priority in all the features and which can give the highest
accuracy. The modeling is the way we can co mmunicate with
the dataset and we train the model with the user input and if
there is anything to be conveyed to the doctor, immed iately we
do the same thing in the process using the EHR
applications[25].
IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The proposed methodology is consisting of different
procedures where we can communicate with the model[26].
The process of modeling will be done based on the two stages;
the stage will discuss about the forming of the frame using the
symptoms. The frame which are using will be subjected to the
neural network imp lementation[27]. The figure 6 will define
the architecture of the proposed modelling.
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Fig. 6. Architecture of the proposed methodology
There is table where we have the different implementations and
its defined accuracy measures. The table 1 is as follows:
TABLE I. TABLE WITH ACCURACY MEASURES
Model Name Number of Features Accuracy
SVM 105 85%
RF 105 88%
Bayesian 105 90%
QNN 105 95%
V. RESULT AND CONCLUSION
Multi-Model Imp lementation on General Medicine Pred iction
with QNN is presented in this research work. Fro m the
analysis, it can be observed that the accuracy of the neural
network is h igh in predict ing the drug analysis of the model.
The model deals with the drug analysis and provides general
med icine pred iction for the specific patient[28]. All the
patient’s data is stored in the repository and the expert system
will be imp lemented in defining the category of the symptom
and there is a chance of prediction model imp lementation
using the classification methodologies like SV, Bayesian
mechanis m, and random forest[29]. To handle the live data we
use the big data tools and it’s another concept and finally
implement the QNN with the hybrid mechanis m and achieved
95% of accuracy in predicting the general med icine for the
patients.
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