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Novel computation of expecting interference between FSS and IMT-Advanced

for Malaysia

Conference Paper · January 2009

DOI: 10.1109/RFM.2008.4897367 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RF AND MICROWAVE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Novel Computation of Expecting Interference between FSS and IMT-
Advanced for Malaysia
Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Zaid A. Shamsan, Ali K. Aswad and Tharek Abd. Rahman
Wireless Communication Center, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, MALAYSIA.
audayt@yahoo.com, shamsan22@yahoo.com, ali_altmimi@yahoo.com, tharek@fke.utm.my.
Abstract - This paper deals with the Interference
between Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) and IMT-
Advanced (4G) for Malaysian environment. The study
initiated within detailed calculations of the current and
most useful formulas for path loss effect and clutter
loss by using the existing parameters of FSS and the
most expected parameters for the IMT-Advanced.
Thereafter, FSS axis received gain and radiation
pattern had been covered. Furthermore, Site shielding,
isolation, off-Axis, In-Band and out of band have been
discussed in several scenarios. Calculations, analysis
and simulation have been done by using Matlab
software. Consequently, extracted conclusions had
highlighted the subsistent situation and proposal for
future work.
Keywords: ITU; FSS receiver; IMT-Advanced; mitigation
techniques; interference.
1. Introduction
Challenging in a wireless communication services
lurk in dynamically changes of the services in response
to the market demanding [1]. With the increasing
number of transmitters coming on the air, interference
is becoming more prevalent in the wireless
community. Recently Malaysia faced some problem
regarding the interference between the Fixed Satellite
Services and the Fixed Wireless access. However,
Malaysia has a tropical weather so it depends a lot on
the C-Band for the satellite communication because
it’s immunity against the rain attenuation. On the other
hand we have a Fixed Wireless Access have being
deployed to work on a part of C-band from 3400-
3.600MHz [2], the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) originally allocated C-band for use by the
global satellite industry [3]. In extra, according to
World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07)
for high system capacity, sufficient mobility support,
reasonable coverage area and cost purpose it is
suggested that the suitable frequency range for IMT-
Advanced services is below 5 GHz. Most probably that
C-band and extended C-band are the candidate for
potential upcoming technology. Massive deployment
of systems and services has been underway worldwide,
some times earth stations deployed ubiquitously and
978-1-4244-2867-0/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE
R F
December 2-
2-4, 2008, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
M 08
without individual licensing or registration. It’s
difficult to provide a protection for this type because
it’s likely to be deployed in large numbers and their
location is not known. Others are individually licensed
earth stations, location of these earth stations is known
and site shielding and other mitigation techniques can
be taken into account. Millions of users now rely upon
satellites for essential communications. Motivated by
emergence of protecting radio waves, this article is
about understanding of new class of communication
system where pairs of transmitters and receivers can
adapt there modulation/demodulation method in
presence of interference to achieve the better
performance due the coexistence. Since IMT-
Advanced systems targets (100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s with
high mobility and low mobility, respectively) defined
by the international telecommunication union (ITU)
[4], many bands are allocated for more than one radio
service and therefore the sharing is necessity. The
3400–4200 MHz overlapping with the potential
nominee bands for 4G systems is currently allocated to
fixed satellite service (FFS). Consequently, the impact
of the interference of 4G on FFS systems needs to be
studied. However, the expected impact on reception of
those satellite services has been dramatic, including in-
band interference, interference from unwanted
emissions (outside the signal bandwidth), and
overdrive of low-noise block converters (LNBs
saturation) [5]. Key system characteristics had
identified and discussed from a radio frequency (RF)
perspective, by counting the power transmit
interference to the FSS receiver. Solving the
interference problem can be done by characterize the
local environment; Find neighboring transmitters,
Locate the source of the interference and identify the
problem and perform the separation distance analysis
based on transmitters in the area [6].
2. IMT-Advanced signal specifications
The IMT-Advanced term has been introduced for
“beyond IMT-2000” system [7]. The target peak data
rates are 100 Mbps for high mobility systems and 1
Gbps for low mobility of fixed and nomadic systems.
The required channel bandwidths is ranging between
20-100 MHz where 50 MHz for suburban and 100
367
MHz for urban coverage [8]. Table 1 contains the 4. Determination of the maximum
IMT-Advanced parameters assumed for the possible level of in-band interference
comparison of the different studies.
According to ITU SF.1486 interference would be
significant to FSS when the victim receiver subject to
Table 1: IMT-Advanced specification. degradation of thermal noise floor for more that 20%
of any month. The separation distance will be come a
Parameter Value very huge distance which is impossible we rely on
Center frequency of operation (MHz) 3500 because of the high sensitivity of FSS receiver, figure
Base station transmitted power (dBm) 43 below (Figure 1) shows the maximum acceptable in-
Minimum Coupling Loss ( (dB) 30
band interference between the two services.
Base station antenna gain (dBi) 18
Base station antenna height (m) 30
Interference Limit Power (dBm) -109
EIRP density range: macro base station scaled 39 to 46
to 1 MHz bandwidth dBm/MHz
Maximum EIRP2 (Transmitter output power + 59 dBm
antenna gain – feeder loss)
Antenna type (Tx/Rx) (the gain is assumed to Sectored for
be flat within one sector) macrocell
Protection criterion (I/N) VS satellite systems –10 dB

3. Fixed Satellite services specifications

For Malaysia the fixed satellite service is allowed

to work within 3.4 to 4.2GHz, and the frequency Figure 1: Maximum acceptable in-band interference
between FSS and FWA, when I: is the interference level,
bandwidth is varying from 4 KHz to 72MHz, base on
C is the carrier signal, N is the receiver noise level.
different use. Following table is describing the typical
FSS earth station receiver already in use by petronas
(fuel stations).
5. Path loss Effect

Table 2: Fixed satellite services specifications. The channel parameters for individual snapshots
are determined stochastically, based on statistical
Specification Satellite terminal distributions extracted from channel measurement.
Frequency 3400-4200 MHz Channel realizations are generated with geometrical
Emission 40KGz-72MHz principle by summing contributions of rays with
bandwidth specific small scale parameters like delay, power,
Antenna 2.4-3(m) angle-of-arrival (AoA) and angle-of-departure (AoD).
diameter Equations are given for mean path loss as a function of
Gain 38(dBi) distance for each of the terrestrial environments the
Antenna ITU RS.465 slow variation is considered to be log-normally
diagram distributed. Path-loss models at 2 to 6 GHz have been
Noise 114.8oK developed based on literature [9] [10]. Free space
temperature
attenuation is
Elevation 75.95
angle
Azimuth 263.7 PLfree = 46.4 + 20log10 (d [m]) + 20log10 ( f [GHz]/5.0)
(1)
Earth station Elevation 50 100 200 300 >850
off-axis gain angle The path loss calculations between the FSS-ES
towards the
local horizon and IMT-Advanced (transmitter) Loss (d) is pedestal
(dBi) in IEEE L802.16-07/070r1 [11]. This is model which
Off-axis 14.5 7.0 -0.5 -4.9 0 is used for this coexistence study includes the
attenuation due to clutter in different environments

Notes: the azimuth and elevation angle determined Loss ( d ) = 101.04 − 7.1logW + 7.5 log < H >
for Wireless communication center in UTM skudai, − {24.37 − 3.7(< H > / hb ) 2 }log hb
Johor, Malaysia.
+ (43.42 − 3.1log hb ) log d + 20 log f c − Ah (2)

368
 Where hb, <H> , W denote the BS antenna height,
the average building height, and the street width,
respectively. fc denotes the carrier frequency in GHz.
Where d is the distance between interferer and victim
receiver in kilometers and Ah is loss due to protection
from local clutter or called clutter loss, it is given by
the expression:
most suitable separation between the services.
Deferent components will add in way to calculate the
separation for local environment. However, the FSS
station off Axis antenna receiving gain, for given aff
Axis angle from main receiving beam of the station,
Gvs( α ) for a typical receiving antenna of 2.4m
diameter is given by:

  h   Gvs (α ) = 32 − 25Log (α )dBi Where3.6o < α < 48o

Ah = 10.25e −d k 1 − tanh 6 − 0.625  − 0.33 (4)
   ha   G vs = −10 dBi where48o < α < 180o (5)
(3)

Where dk is the distance (km) from nominal
clutter point to the antenna, h is the antenna height (m)
above local ground level, and ha is the nominal clutter
height (m) above local ground level [12]. Clutter losses
are evaluated for different categories: trees, rural,
suburban, urban, and dense urban, etc. as shown in
Table 3 and Figure 2 which contain the four
categories.
Table 3: ITU-R P.452, the Clutter Loss
For the shielding cover as attenuation to the
interference power (R) which takes a value between
0dB to 40dB in the best condition. Now we can do
simple calculations to fine that the required protection
distance determine from the following formula:
20Log(d ) = −I + EIRPIMT − 46.4 − 20Log( F ) − Ah + Gvs (α ) − R (6)
EIRPIMT: effective isotropic radiation pattern,
Shown in Table 1 (we considered it 46 dBm/MHz).

Clutter category Clutter height ha Nominal distance dk

7. In-band interference by single IMT-BS
Rural 4 0.1
Suburban 9 0.025
If we consider a suburban area within clutter loss
Urban 20 0.02 about 16 dB, the results of the simulation Figure 3
Dense urban 25 0.02 reviles that minimum separation distance for In-band
interference is 42Km if we are using powerful
shielding technique (40dB) and 68 Km for 30 dB
Thereby, we can see the Clutter loss for rural,
shielding loss.
suburban, urban, and dense urban areas effects base on
different antenna height, as clarified in the figure
bellow:

Figure 3 separation distances for 2.4m FSS receiving

antenna due to in-band interference from single IMT-
Advanced BS.
Figure 2: clutter loss base on ITU-R P.452

6. Required protection distance
Practically, protection by separation distance is
the most expensive so we should focus on it to find the
8. FSS Saturation
When we applied the previous mathematical
formulas (2-6) to calculate the interference for the
short distance which required for the LNB saturation

369
point we found that the saturation happen when I=-
65.92dBm. To assuage the saturation problem, one
counteractive measure would be using a suitable
bandpass filter (with pass band in 3.6 – 4.2 GHz) to
reduce the level of the RF signals in 3.5 GHz to the
LNB working in the entire C band (3.4 – 4.2 GHz).
9. Multiple IMT-Advanced BS interferers
To examine the cumulative effects of interference
from multiple IMT-Advanced BS transmitters,
calculation is made for the required separation distance
for consideration of the worst case scenario at NLOS
for the nonlinearity saturation situations of LNB; the
aggregated interference is calculated by summation of
the interference power from these transmitters of IMT-
Advanced BS received at the FSS station input. The
results as summarized in figure 4 show that under the
worst case situation, the required separation distance is
of the order of 1.75Km and 3Km respectively for FSS
station with LNB filter and without LNB filter added
at the front end.
Figure 4 separation distances for 2.4m FSS receiving
antenna under LNB and Multiple IMT transmitters.
If a LNB filter with sharper cut-off characteristics
is used, in addition to other remedial measures that
may be applied, it is possible that the LNB overload
problem should be further contained or overcome even
at the worst case scenario.
10. Out of band emission from IMT
The following figure 5 shows the calculation
result of out of band interference for the emitted signal
from IMT-Advanced BS transmitters within direct line
of sight.
370
Figure 5: Separation distance for 2.4m FSS for out of
band emission case.
The results shows that out of band emission of
IMT-Advanced BS limited of -69dBW/MHz, would
not cause interference to FSS station if there is a
separation distance of 50Km. the out of band emission
of FSS limited of -59dBW/MHz would not cause
interference to FSS station if there is a separation
distance of 50Km.
11. Conclusions
If we reduce IMT radiated power to 25dB the
same power will be -50dB after 500m and -166dB
required for the FSS to not interrupt the signal which
make the coexistence bump of phantom.
In the absence of any coordination, IMT-
Advanced systems will be more capable in the 3.4-4.2
GHz band will cause unacceptable interference to FSS
stations in the C band if the two systems operate on the
same frequency channels. Over and above, IMT-
Advanced systems in the 3.5 GHz band which are
located nearby and with non line-of-sight to FSS
stations will cause interference to the latter operating
in 3.6 – 4.2 GHz band if the separation distance is less
than about 3 Kilometers and there are no protection
measures. By adding a bandpass filter at the FSS
station front-end giving a 10 dB loss to the received
FWA signals, the required separation distance about
1.75 Kilometers depending on the number of IMT-
Advanced interferers. In addition, out-of-band
emissions from IMT systems in the 3.5 GHz band
should not cause unacceptable interference to FSS in
3.6 – 4.2 GHz band if suitable emission limits are
adopted for the IMT equipment. This assessment is
done in response to IMT-advanced threats to all the
services work within same frequency. Consequently,
as futures work the results in this study will be used to
developing mathematical approach to prevent the
interference between tow services in order to develop
 some mitigation technique to reduce it to the minimum Telecommunications Authority (OFTA) Hong
level. Kong, September 2006.
[10] Report ITU-R M. [LMS.CHAR.BWA],
“Characteristics of broadband wireless access
Acknowledgment systems operating in the mobile service for
frequency sharing and interference analyses”.
The authors thank the the Malaysia [11] J. D. Laster and J. H. Reed, “Interference rejection
Communication and multimedia commission (MCMC) in wireless communications”, IEEE Commun.
for providing financial support and wonderful Mag., vol. 14, pp. 37-62, May 1997.
hospitality where this work was completed. [12] ITU-R Recommendation F.1402, “Frequency
sharing criteria between a land mobile wireless
access system and a fixed wireless access system
References using the same equipment type as the mobile
wireless access system”, 1999.
[1] J. D. Laster and J. H. Reed, “Interference rejection
in wireless communications”, IEEE Commun.
Mag., vol. 14, pp. 37-62, May 1997.
[2] Lway Faisal Abdulrazak, Tharek Abd Rahman,
“Review Ongoing Research of Several Countries
on the Interference between FSS and BWA”,
International Conference on Communication
Systems and Applications (ICCSA'08) in China
Hong Kong, conference proceeding (ISBN: 978-
988-98671-8-8) volum I, March 2008.
[3] ITU-R WP 8F/TEMP 432 rev.2, “Working
document towards a PND report on sharing
studies between IMT-ADVANCED and the Fixed
Satellite Service in the 3 400- 4 200 and 4 500-4
800 MHz bands”, ITU-R Working Party 8F,
August 2006.
[4] “Methodology for the calculation of IMT-2000
terrestrial spectrum requirement,” ITU-R
Recommendation M.1645, Jan. 1999.
[5] ITU-R SF.1486, “Sharing methodology between
Fixed Wireless Access Systems in the Fixed
Service and Very Small Aperture Terminals in the
Fixed-Satellite Service in the 3 400-3 700 MHz
Band,” ITU-R R WP4-9S, Geneva, November
2000.
[6] Electronic Communications Committee (ECC),
within the European Conference of Postal and
Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT),
report 100, “Compatibility studies in the band
3400- 3800 Mhz between Broadband Wireless
Access (BWA) systems and other services,” Bern,
February 2007.
[7] ITU-R Document 8F/1015-E, “sharing studies
between FSS and IMT-Advanced systems in the
3400-4200 and 4500-4800 MHz bands”, 2006.
[8] “PROPOSED MIMO CHANNEL MODEL
APPROACH FOR EVALUATION OF AIR
INTERFACE PROPOSALS FORIMT-
ADVANCED”, Document 8F/1148-E, Question
ITU-R 229/8, ITU-R WP8F Meeting in
Cameroon, January 2007.
[9] Document AWF-3/17 “Assessment of potential
interference between Broadband Wireless Access
(BWA) in 3.4-3.6 GHz band and Fixed Satellite
Service (FSS) in 3.4-4.2 GHz band”, Office of the

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