TEXTILE FINISHING V

Assoc. Prof. Michal Vik, Ph.D., MSc.

Antipilling treatment I
The pilling of textile fabrics refers to an appearance caused by bunches or balls of tangled fibers held to the surface. This unpleasant appearance can seriously compromise the fabrics acceptability for apparel.

pill

Pilling is caused by rubbing and chafing. Textile surfaces made of staple fibres are affected. There are several factors responsible for this effect, for example, material, bonding, density, etc. Pills are developed on a fabric surface in four main stages: fuzz formation, entanglement, growth, and wear-off. In normal wear, a piece of a garment may take a long time to be pilled.

Antipilling techniques have included various methods of reducing the pilling tendency of a fabric using chemical or other process modifications, the need exists for a simpler and more effective finishing method for producing fabrics that have a lower tendency to pill as well as having improved abrasion resistance. Pilling is a serious problem of the textile industry. A finished fabric may have pleasing handle and a clean surface, but when converted into garments, pills are formed during wearing as well as washing, due to rubbing action.

Factors affecting pilling

Fibre properties: Fibre rigidity (immature cotton has more pilling problem) Fibre strength (affect the ease of pill off) Yarn compactness: Higher twist, less pilling More compact yarn, less pilling (e.g. Worsted yarn is better than woolen yarn) Fabric structure: More compact the fabric structure, lower pilling Tightness factor

Antipilling treatment II
Obvious treatment : Polyacrylates
(elastic film on interval - 30 do 100 C.)

Padding /40 - 80 g.l-1/ and drying at 130 C.

Kotani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Queenseter P-100D is an outstanding anti-pilling agent potently capable of producing anti-pilling effects in fiber materials without hardening the hand. By forming a soft but strong resin film, this agent significantly prevents pilling and produces a good, resilient hand. Main constituent: Specifically modified inorganic compound Solubility:Easily dissolves in water in any ratio Treatment by continuous padding or dipping. The amounts used vary depending on the kind and form of substrate and the degree of effect required, however, the use of 1-3% solution is standard.

Queenseter P-100D
Untreated

Queenseter P-100D, 2% sol. PadDry

LYOCELL PILLING I
In the swollen state lyocell has an extensive fibrillation tendency owing to linear high crystalline fibrillar morphology. On the other hand, the fibrillations induce e.g. rope marking defect in hank finishing, graying of dyed fabrics and a change of handle of clothes that spoils garments features. Efforts to control the fibrillation tendency in lyocell fibers include dyeing with reactive dyestuffs and treating fabrics with crosslinking agents [

LYOCELL PILLING II
fibrillation may lead to pilling and therefore spoil fabric appearance and touch

Photographic image of knitted fabric (a), after 25 times of W (b), after 25 times of D (c) and after 25 times of WD (d)

LYOCELL PILLING III

The lyocell fiber can be treated 3.0-7.0 mol/l NaOH or KOH

Next the lyocell woven fabric is immersed in a solution containing a given amount of crosslinking agent Fixapret ECO which main component is 1,3-dimethylol-4,5dihydroxyethylene urea, 15 g/l mixture of metal salts (Condensol FB), 1 g/l wetting agent (Kieralon TX 1563) and 0.5 g/l acetic acid (60 %w/w aq.). After the fabric is dried at 110 C, and subsequently cured at 175 C (air temperature) for 60 seconds.
From: Okubayashi, S. at all: Lenzinger Berichte, 85 (2006) 98-106

Pills removal
Erasers last chance

PILLING RESISTANCE STANDARD METHODS

Martindale Abrasion Tester ICI Pilling Box Atlas Random Tumble Pilling Tester Elastomeric Pad

Martindale Abrasion Tester I

The Martindale Abrasion cum Pilling Tester measures the abrasion and pilling of the textile fabrics. ISO 12945-2

Martindale Abrasion Tester II

Resistance to pilling This test establishes the fabric's tendency to form pills (bobbles) using the Martindale abrasion machine. Two samples of fabric are tested, one being removed from the machine after 2000 cycles and the other after 6000 cycles. Both samples are then graded on a scale of 1 - 5 (using BS5811: 1986), "1" indicating severe change and "5" no change. The worst grade of the two samples is taken as the result.

Martindale Abrasion Tester III

Knit after pilling resistance test on MARTINDALE device

Elastomeric Pad
This test method for fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because inter-laboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method.

Brush Pilling Tester

Pilling and Snagging Tester

I.C.I. Type Pilling Tester P.T.2 ISO 12945-1 every 30 mins

PILING ASSESSMENT VIEWER

Random Tumble Pilling Tester

Evaluation after 30, 60, 90 and 120 mins)

Atlas Random Tumble Pilling Test

Sample after Random Tumble Pilling test