Chapter 2:

Review of Related
Literature
Presented by: GROUP 1
 ENERGIZER
Pictionary
Guess the Drawing
How:
Each representative of the group will draw a word they
have randomly picked, on the board, in one (1) minute
His/her groupmates have to guess before the opponent
does.
Overview
Introduction - Definition
Purpose of a literature review
Characteristics of Literature Review
Structure of Literature Review
Types of Literature Review
Type of Sources for a Literature
Review
Steps in Writing Literature Review
In-text Citation and Referencing Styles
 What is “Review of Related
Literature”?
General concepts
is a compilation of studies related to a specific area of research
According to Fink (2005), "A systematic, explicit, and reproducible method for
identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing the existing body of completed and recorded
work produced by researches, scholars, and practitioners"
helps to identify the gaps in the existing studies
It forms a "picture" for the reader, providing a support and full comprehension of the
developments in the field. This picture tells the reader that you have acknowledged,
considered and adapted previous related significant works in the field into your
research.
 Purpose of a Literature Review
1. To discover the connection of your research to the existing body of knowledge and to
real-life situations.
2. Identify more theories or concepts as the foundation of your research study and learn
from them.
3. To determine the relationship of your research with previous research studies to
prevent duplication and to acknowledge other researchers.
4. To acquire knowledge on the accuracy and significance of your research questions.
5. To familiarize yourself with the technical terminologies relevant to your study.
6. To determine possible gaps, conflicts, and open questions left from other research
which might help you in formulating and justifying your research ideas.
7. To clarify misconceptions on previous research and help refocus, polish, and
contribute to the development of the body of knowledge.
Characteristics of OBJECTIVE
Literature Review Avoid reviewed
RELIABLE
reviewed materials should be
materials that is based upon genuinely original and
extremely political or true facts or data must be valid
and TRUE. Avoid materials where
religious or onesided.
fictitious data are supplied just to
RELEVANT complete the research report
RelATEDor similar because it is hard to
materials to the RECENT prove.
research must be Literatures must be as
recent as possible. It is NOT TOO FEW
reviewed.
important that reviewed The researcher should provide sufficient enough
reviewed materials to give insight into the research
materials must be new or
problem or to indicate the nature of the present studies.
fresh because of the rapid
change in technology,
social, economic, scientific
NOT TOO MANY
and human lifestyle. However, the number may also depend
upon the availability of related materials.
 Structure of Literature Review
INTRODUCTION BODY
The introduction The main body is consists
somehow presents the of the organized
fundamental idea of the discussion of sources.
particular This is where you
study of the literature summarize and
review. synthesize your literature
review and reflect how
they related to your study.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion and
recommendation
emphasized what you
have learned from
reviewing the literature
and where would your
study leads to.
 Types of Literature Review
Context review
From the name itself, context review is primarily focused on the content or
contextual aspect of research. Usually it is a type of review in which the researcher
relates his or her study to a larger body of knowledge. It presents the current research
by merging it into a wider framework and determines its contribution and impact to
the specific field of study.
Historical review
Historical review is a specialized type of literature review in which the researcher
organizes the related researches according to the period of time it was
conducted. This focuses on probing research in a specified field throughout a
chronological order, which usually starts from the oldest period of time going to the
most recent studies.
 Types of Literature Review
Integrative review
A common type of literature review in which the researcher introduces and
summarizes the recent knowledge of the study. It emphasizes the agreements and
disagreements of knowledge among various previous research. It considers reviews,
critiques, and synthesizes representative literature in an integrated way in order to
generate new structures and viewpoints on the topic.
Methodological review
Methodological review is a specialized type of literature review in which the
researcher gathers compares and contrast other studies to the current research. It
basically summarizes and evaluates the strengths and gaps in methodological aspects
of various studies and illustrates the effects of different methodologies (research
designs, samples, process) on different outcomes.
 Types of Literature Review
Self-study review
Where the researcher demonstrates his or her understanding of a specific body of
knowledge. It contains existing proof associated with clearly stated research questions
and uses standardized methods to determine & and evaluate relevant research. But, it
can also produce problems of prejudice especially when it is used to summarize
claims/statements linking one’s findings to a system of knowledge.
Theoretical review
Where the researcher introduces several theories or concepts that are focused on a
specific topic. It is particular on the theories and concepts highlighted in other research and
compares them to current studies based on their framework, hypothesis, consistency, and
justification. This aids in establishing the theories that already exist, the relationships of
theories among studies, the degree of their investigation, development of new hypotheses.
Types of Sources for a Literature
Review
A researcher can find 1. Books
information about research Books provide diverse
studies in various formats, information, particularly from
such as books, scholarly collections of research
journals, dissertations and materials and articles. Catalog
theses, online databases, systems contain citation
government documents, details like title, author, date,
and periodicals. and publisher for referencing
such information.
 Types of Sources for a Literature
Review
2. Scholarly Journals
also known as academic or peer-reviewed
journals, contain peer-reviewed research
by scholars. These articles include source
lists like footnotes and endnotes, often
featuring advanced terminologies tailored
to the field. Authors are identified,
assuming readers have a background in
the research field.
 Types of Sources for a Literature
Review
3. Dissertations and Thesis
Incorporating dissertations and
theses enriches a literature review
by providing a deeper
understanding of the subject and
contributing to the overall
knowledge in the field. These
valuable resources are widely
accessible through academic
databases and libraries, facilitating
comprehensive literature reviews.
 Types of Sources for a Literature
Review
4. Articles

Articles are the best source of

information for a literature
review because they are short,
focused, and up-to-date.
However, choose peer-
reviewed articles to ensure
quality.
 Types of Sources for a Literature
Review
5. Government Documents

Government agencies globally

often endorse and publish
research findings. These
documents, located in government
and select school libraries, are not
commonly cataloged. Assistance
from librarians is recommended
for locating these specialized
publications.
 Types of Sources for a Literature
Review
6. Periodicals
Periodicals are edited summaries of
research findings for the general public.
They are often seen in newspapers,
magazines, and on television or radio.
While they can provide a good overview
of a study, they often lack the vital
details needed to critically evaluate it.
Therefore, it is important to
supplement these sources with other
sources.
 Where to get these sources

Library Government Offices Schools Private institutions International

Schools offer unique and corporations institutions
Libraries are valuable
They produce reliable
resources for insights into Can provide Are valuable sources of
and unbiased
researchers educational research researchers with information on
information on valuable insights into emerging topics
conducting literature and practice, making
various topics, them valuable sources group dynamics, because they are
reviews, offering a
making them of information for governance, and neutral, objective, and
wide range of
trustworthy sources researchers in corporate social have access to unique
materials and expert
for researchers. education. responsibility. resources.
assistance.
 Steps in Writing Literature
Review

1. Find/Search for 2. Log, 3. Outlining

the Relevant Catalogue and and Writing Up
Literature Synthesize
Steps in Writing Literature Review
1. Find/Search for the Relevant Literature
Steps in Writing Literature Review
2. Log, Catalogue and Synthesize
Steps in Writing Literature Review
3. Outlining and Writing Up
Steps in Writing Literature Review
3. Outlining and Writing Up
The most common number of analyzed studies to support one’s
research 10, as minimum, and 30 as maximum. BUT The number of
studies in a Review of Related Literature and Studies depends on
the number of variables, relationships, theories, and questions in the
statement of the problem.
It must include both foreign and local studies for each part.
 In-text Citation and Referencing
Styles
General concepts

Citation is a reference to a literature being used in your study.

a reference made within the body of text in the paper. It leads the reader to a source
where a particular information has been taken of. An in-text citation should be reflected
when you refer, paraphrase, summarize, or quote from another author. A corresponding
reference list must be provided at the end of the study as references or bibliography.
A reference typically includes only the sources that you have mentioned or cited in-text
in your paper. There are different citing and referencing styles that are being used
depending on the specific requirements of different filed of disciplines.
 Referencing Styles
01
American Psychological
Modern Language Association
(MLA) Style
03
Association (APA) Style
It is often applied in the Harvard Style
It is an author/date style,
and places emphasis on arts and humanities Similar to APA, and it is
the author and date of the particularly in the United well-used in the UK and
material to uniquely States. Australia.
identify it. It is currently on
its 7 edition. 02
 Referencing Styles

03
Chicago Manual of Style (CMoS)

First published in 1906 by the University of Chicago

Press and it is currently
on its 17 edition. It has two variations:
1. The Notes and Bibliography System which uses
footnotes.
2. The Author-Date System, which uses a style
somewhat similar to APA, and
3. is used for papers in the fields of science and
social science.
Turabian Style
Created by Kate L. Turabian, it is a variation of
the Chicago Manual of Style
created for high school and college students
for their research which are not
meant for journal publication.

02
 Referencing Styles
APA STYLE MLA STYLE HARVARD STYKE CMoS STYLE TURABIAN STYLE

Widely used in
Commonly used Two main
Primarily used in the UK and Adaptation of
in the social
humanities Australia. systems: notes- Chicago style
sciences
(literature, arts, Similar to APA bibliography and primarily for
(psychology,
Uses philosophy). but with author-date. academic
sociology, etc.).
Focuses on the variations in Common in papers,
Emphasizes the
author and the punctuation and history and some theses, and
author and date
page number. order. other disciplines. dissertations.
of publication.

Author, A. A.,
Author(s) Last name,
Author, B. B., &
Initial(s). (Year) 'Title Author's First name Last
Author, C. C. (Year). Similar to Chicago
Author. Title of of article,' Title of name, Title of Book or
Title of article. Title style but often
Format Source. Publisher, Journal, Volume Article (Place of
of Journal, volume simplified for
Publication Date. number (Issue publication: Publisher,
number(issue student use.
number), Page Year), Page range.
number), page
range.
range.
 In-Text Citations
1. By author or writer (Narrative Citations) – the researcher mentions the last name of the author
then the year of publication with the page numbers in parentheses. If there are multiple pages, write
the first and last page numbers connected by a hyphen.
Last Name (Year of Publication, pages)
Example: Jackson (2016, 2) pointed out that people have misconceptions about
psychologists and psychology.

2. By topic (Parenthetical Citations) – the name of the author and year of publication are enclosed
in parentheses, then followed by a comma and the page numbers. It is located the idea or quotat
after ion was mentioned.
(Last Name Year of Publication, pages)
Example:
People have misconceptions about the role of psychologists and the field of
psychology (Jackson 2016, 2 ).
 References
1. Books
Surname of First Author, First Name and First Name Surname of 2nd Author.
Year of Publication. Title of the Book: Subtitle of the Book. Place of
Publication: Publisher.
2. Research Journals
Surname of First Author, First Name and First Name Surname of Subsequent
Author. Year of Publication. “Title of Journal Article.” Name of Journal
volume number, issue number (Journal Publication Year): page numbers.
DOI link.
 References
3. Newspapers and Magazines (including online editions)
Printed:
Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article” Name of Periodical, Date
of Issue.
Online Editions:
Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article” Name of Periodical, Date
of Issue. Website Link.
4. Websites, Blog Posts, and Blog Comments
Website:
Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. “Title of Article” Accessed [Date of Access].
Website Link.
Blogs:
Surname, First Name (username). Year of Publication. “[First 160 characters of the
post].” Blog Name, Date of Publication.
What are the Steps in Writing Literature
Review?
Name all three!
Give 2 characteristics of Literature
Review
 What type of source is often seen in
newspapers, magazines, and on television or
radio?

A. Articles
B. Periodicals
C. Dissertations and Thesis
 What kind of Literature Review focuses on
probing research in a specified field throughout
a chronological order?

A. Theoretical
B. Methodological
C. Historical
What part of RRL contains the summary of your
literature review, and reflects how it relates to
the study?

A. Thesis Statement
B. Main Body
C. Conclusion
 References
A. Luzano, R., P. Napone, Ma. D., L. Okit, K. C., & C. Bañares, M. E. (2020). Practical Research 2 Module 3. Studocu.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/quezon-national-high-school/research/practical-research-
2-module-3/22657117?fbclid=IwAR1_K-5XM2UGR5q5JDrD2N3DGpTPUIhfqs1ptFgKltx1snMY6BoXjohICmk
Buckley, P., & Lee, P. (2021). The impact of extra-curricular activity on the student experience. Active Learning in
Higher Education, 22(1), 37-48.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787418808988
Carbonaro, W., & Maloney, E. (2019). Extracurricular Activities and Student Outcomes in Elementary and Middle
School: Causal Effects or Self-selection? Socius, 5.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119845496
C. C. (2013). The benefits of participating in extracurricular activities.Files.Eric.edu.gov.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230758.pdf
Johnston, L. (2013). The effects of extracurricular activities on academic performance. Jewlscholar
https://jewlscholar.mtsu.edu/bitstreams/046772e2-605c-40e7-a91f-6d96523fd531/download
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