2

Power Control and Rectifiers

( . Rll~OI offl r~~cfil il )
2.1 Phase control of SCR 2.2 Different phase controlling circuits
2.2.1 R 2.2.2 RC 2.2.3 UJT (Pedestal and Ramp) 2.2.4 Transformer circuit
2.3 Different methods of turn off of SCR
2.4 Single-phase and three-phase half wave and full wave rectifier using SCR
2.4.1 With resistive load 2.4. 2 With inductive load 2. 4.3 With flywhee l diode

§ 2.0. Introdu ction ( !,H-~ilq'11 ) :

~ ~j,SP~'pfi %TI SCR ~ At50=1lfof ~ %I SCR cf;1" ~ ~ ~ if 1fG
¥° ~ ~ ~ ~ %fcfi' SCR cnT f.p.p;101 Tic &RT "ITT" W-~ %cl2TT ~ °f0R7T
cn1" f14f~a qi"{ ~ f1f?<=qa f.:rfu >fIB qi"{ ~ % 31<1: SCR ~ Tic "CfITT2l At50=1lfOf %
.~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ if cf>T11 I SCR cnT ~ ~ ~ ffl ~ ~ 7R &JU
~ f.Mf~a m ~ ~ ~ % 31<1: >ldi9ch q ~ ~ 3ij,>l'41iil if SCR "chT ~
~ cfi1" 3ilc:1~4chdi m-a1 % 31<1: SCR cnT Turn off ~ 1r1f ~ %I
v-~ir ing Circuits of SCRs ( SCR -ii> llil<lft•I l:ITT'W) :.
fcflm SCR "chT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ if BR ~ funJ:·~ fcrf~ t :
1. SCR ~ ~ if 5m 3TT~ ql<:2.cil cnT llR ~ qi<:2:di (V 80 ) 'B 3TI'tlcn qi"{

~~,
2. SCR ~ 7R 1R 3wq cfi<:2.cil ~ cfi1" ~ ~ ~ ql<:2.ci: €111,Ach "ITT I
~ fcrf'tl if~ 1R 1R ~ f0ftTT 1lffi ~ i ~ 3ffi ~~if~ SCR
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ if ~ t 1 ~ ~ 1lffi ~Hl,Ach mm t, sci ~ 1R
, 1R ~ ~ f~,1R11 "9'Rl ~ ~ ~ SCR ~ ~ i f "ITT~ %1 ~ 7R tjlt"2dl
cfil SCR 1R f,.p-i;101 WW<f "ITT ~ ~ I 7R 1lffi &RT SCR cnT ~ ~ ch1 f18f<.:1f@
a

Wwi t-
A.C. L
su·pply 0
A
D
 52 I Power E!ectro11ics Power Control and Rectifiers ( 53
I ( 1ITTf'TTU ~ ) :
§ 2.1.1. Resis~ance Contro , . ~ ~ ~ ~ %- mmr!:1 timftf qi) ~ ~ -~
R1 cfiT TfR ~ ~ cTTRoT (1qi ~ -~
fmq if s~R cfiT m~-~*~~ (lm >ITTRT!:1 "ITTTI ~ 1Rm ~ ~ ;m'~ Wi<l W17Tl ~ SCR cfiT ~ ffl a cfiT +:rR ~ (f?.lr 'lffi cfTRill ~
~ fcn~ if SCR t ~ ~ ~ flcfiill t1 SC ~
R~
~ llA Ch1l "ITT11T I 'lffi ~ timftf cflffin dm ~ cTTRffi cfiT cW1 ~ F-r-l ~ ·
TT<fi t, 11c ~ cfiT Wffi!:7 cfiT .:rR ~ cfi1 .
2.2 C~) ~ ~ "ITT1TT I~ ffl~ if SCR-
cfiT fc@lq ffl (a) 3TI~ 90° "ITT~
~'~ ~~~fq; m~t, am: SCR tc@ ~ ~ i ' f "ITT~ ~ .
'ti
if 3iWIT I 11c -qftq'ij if ~ wm~ cfiT .:rR an~ ~ '9\ SCR cfiT ~ tliTUf ct) § Yf.3. R-C Full Wave Control ( R.C. 1t11f o{lT ~ ) :
a 1l'R ~ ~ 'lffi t 11JVcf if clTRill cfiT llR cfirf '&rr I ~ ~ IDZf SCR \ ~irr WT!~~~~~ TT<TT %~ ~
~ -qf'M~ if 'lffi qi)
11c cli1 ~ ~ ~ cfiT 1l°J WT! ~ &m 1l°T WT! ~ cTTRoT -q ~ ~ %I SCR
~ ~ ~ ~ fciicn ~ -%1 ~ fclf1:1 i f ~ >Rr1 q;r 90°
ciiT 'Q,cfi R, - ~ &RT o/R ~ ~ %1 ~~~~ti~ C 1mTTT~ R &RT
<IT rr/2 radians 7"it ITTP-fcl' ~ ~ %I
~ "ITTcTT %I >ffim!:1 R cfiT llR ~ ~ timfuf C cfiT ~ cTTRoT ocfi ~
§ 2.2.v.R-C Trigger Circuit ( R-C ftlrr 'Q'ITlW) : ~ -q Wi<l 3TT~ W17Tl ~ ~ R cfiT llR cfi1'.! 'ITT '9"{ ti~ '9"{ ~ cfTRill
Re cfiffi f.r:Aur cfiT ffl2l "11& m
fi . 2.2 c~) ~ ~ ~~ i m, ~ >IT1<f 'ITT ~ %I
~ SCR n2lf 'lffi ~ ~ ~ ~ t ffl if ~ %I SCR ~ "11c ~
1R ~ (191 ~ ~ -qeff ~ ~ %~ oqi SCR ~ ~ if WITT %o~
tfR if c!iW ~ ~ ,eff UcTT %1 SCR t ~ cfiT ~ R-C ~ ~ ~ ~
%I ~ ~ t ~ fi!:1Tfur C 1ITTRT!:1 R cf R1 ~ &ffi- ~ "ITT11T I ~ fimfu
11c t IB1Z ~ ~ oqi 3fflIB "ITT ~ %~ SCR ~ ~ i'f 3TI ~
%"R2lf tfR t ~ ~ cfiT ~ ffl %I timftf cfiT ~ ~ i'f ~ m
~ 00 t ffi1Z 1fcn ~ D2 cfiT ~ fc8n TflTT %I ~ ~ cfiT ~ ~ -
~ ~ cfiB t ~ ~ o, cfiT ~ fc8n TflTT %1
~ 2.3 (R.C. iruf 'o{lT ~ )
ffl ~ -q ff~ cfiT 1l°J ~ cfiB ~ 1ITTRT!:1 R1 cfiT ~ ~ TT<TT f. ~
AC. SCR ~ -rte q;r ~ ~ ~ ~ (block) ~ ~ ~ D cfiT ~ ~
Supply
~ 'g- I ~!:1 R cfiT TfR ~ ~ tf!:1TITT ~ ffl -q ~ -qftqft@ "ITTill %~

r SCR cfiT ~ ffl (a)~% dm 'lffi cfTRill \TT~ %1

§ yriggerin g of SCR by UJT ( UJT WU SCR ~ ) :
(SCR ~ m?i iruf
~ ~ otlTttiRT ~):
fu:f 2.2 (SCR q;r R.C. q;r ~)
SCR ~ &RT 'l11f W71 ~ f.:rhuT ~ UJT o/R ffl~ cfiT ~ ff. 2.4 m
"If fu:w:IT TT<TT t -
6 , 6 Rr

.,"'
---c' Firing ongte
-- .,
,,., / • ,

Ang~ or conducrion
1
to

Capacitor votlagt

fu:f 2.2 (~) mlf WT

fu;f 2.4 ( UJT WU SCR cfiT ~ cfiT 'QIT1W)
ti' ------
54 I Power Electronics 'f'1 m'1 f,;<%1U ;;RT ~ mm, ii ~
~ -qftct?:i -q ~ ~ it "Q_qi-q ~ ~
Power Control anti Rectifiers ( 55
'>ffi cf SCR it ~ t I ~ § 2 .6 UJT t~igger circuit - Serie
fclim 7iITTi1 t i~~~ cfi ~
9ii:f s Transistor Controlled Ramp :
~ - q ~ ~ %1~ ~U JT "cf i1~
~ <fi1 ~ ~ ~ ~ arz;qUJTC' t b cfi:ml ~
)fcfiTT ~ f.rt:foT cfiT m~
311W 2 m ~. .6 m-
~ t ~i t~ 7iITT!l t 1~
~ ~ i:ifttrrn ~ \1
~ 1 ~h ~ ~ ~ ~ m~ ~ v,
R-C ~ ~ ¥.J (> J7 , ~
UJ T c!il ~ ~ ~ V ~
· ~ cfi1 lfR Ve = Tl V+YD it 3Tii:fc!i (>I'll I C ~ ~ T;
~ ~mm t ~ it t ~ l?z
~ !:lRl cfil W'!% mm °dm ~ ~ .
~ B
~ ~mm &RI UJT t ~ bi m~ rv

~ ~ -&ftl "G"R{ ~
zo
Yl\u111•H
cfi1 ~ SCR ~ Tll it ~ t 0-- £ · uJT

q fufu<fcfi ~ cfi"tTTTI R-C ~ -q ,ffim't! cfil - q i , ~ ~ tlmIT + II~

•

~ fcl;" scR <fi1 T "" ~ ~ .____ __ __..._ _ _......__

WR:ffi <fi1 ~
WR %c1m ~ Vcffi ~~ c1i1 -qftqfcra ~
_.____.__. T
fcf;7.IT ~ ~ -ill
t <I ~ Vcffi ~ ~ cfil %
Bcfic!1
3ffi@ -qi, ~ ~ ~ 1_ ~ -2.6 ( UJT ~ ~ ~ WU SCR
i ,i • ~ ~ cnT 'QTT1W)
§:A.2.5. Full Wave Con trot Using UJT Relaxation Osc11lahon, Resistance ~ -qft1.j"?.T -?i UJT ~ ~ ~ ii
>lf'nU't! R1 cl1T ~ ~ N-P -N ~
Control Ramp :
~ fcTTi:l i i ~ ~ cfil _......;,..,
~ ~ (sub stitute) fcfi"ln TJ<TT %I t
.., .:.-.-. ...........+:m .,.,.i:;.,... ~ -6rr fcf;,:n ~
6 Y'-11'1 q,q~ '{ll'-11\'I Yl \ '1~ t ~ l l ~ fufflR ~ -?i tlmITT
C "!mro'l:l
~ ~ qlffiTT f,ff l ~ ~ SCR ~ ~ ii R t &IU 3TT<ffi"@ mm %I ~ ~
1 11.'I~ •
ii tl't!TITT C 1% NPN ~ &RT ~
i1 m ~- 2.51 r-, SCR t ~ cfif@
l ~ ii ~ ~ ~ %11 ~ ~~~c
cf mm
f{~~ >!GA<nB -q ,:~ ~
mm
cfiT ~ ~ 1% 1 : 1 : 1 ~ ~- ?i 3TI sil'IBT
i i ~ ~ &R1 ~ ~ %1~ 1ffi'l~ t i c1m "ftmITT C c f { ~ ~ ~ mcft %1
t ~ UJT cfil ffl11 fcfi"ln ~ % ~ cfi1 ,mcm tl't!TITT "G'<: ~ ~ V ~
~~~~ Nm ii 7ffiIB Wc!1 %1~~ @ 91{ ~ ~ ~ %1 ~mfu{ Ve =
~~~~ %TI ttmm ~ V(l- e-trr) ~ ~ ~
tff l i i ~ Ve = Tl V + V TTTT ~I~ I 31(! : ~ ~ ~ qi{ V C ~
~ cliT ~ cflB %TI fW-lhHlc.'1 ~ fWH.fl{l<:'1 ~ ·~ "f!c!lill %"i'lirl
0
~l:TIITT t ~ ii 7ffi@ "efcroi:l GTU ~ fcfi<n c!il ~ ift ~ ~ %I ~
Tlc ~
~ "f!q,c!l %I ~ ~ ~ ii ~ ~ ~ ~ ii SCR l ~ ~
SCR 2 ~ ~ t ~ ~ i t "i.fir:l ~~~ ii; SCR 2 ~ it 3TIWTT
~ ~ SCR 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i i ~I~~ it otrl ~ ~
~ ii ffl ffll zyn SCR cfiT ~ ~
1l:cfi m~ ~ ~ %~ 1% Wfll ii UJ TW R~ ~ ~ "ITT WTTI
~ ~ "ITT SCR ffl ~ ~ fqi
• ~ mRcn "l1 7ffe@ "ITTc!T 'g" I § 2. . UJT trigger circuit - Para
llel Transistor Controlled Ramp
R
~ :
~ f.rt:foT cfiT -qfti:;~ am m tt. 2.7 ~ ~ mm i 1

fu:f 2.7 (UJT ~ ~ ~ W U SCR

~ ~ cnT 'QTT1W)
TT! T{W!~ ii; UJT ~ ~ ~ "W1
R-C ~ ii tlmITT C ~ ~
~~ ~3 wm @ ~
"IT T1 TT l~~ ~~ ~- q,:
~~ -;; nm 'g" ~
~ T.fTWI ~ ii; 3TI ~ %nm "ft't!T1tr
~ ffl ii ~ cITR."m ~ it m
B!f<! WIBT %I~~~~~
cii1 ~ ~ ~ M ~ "f!c!lill %I ~
~~ ~ N- P- N ~ mc!l
%I SCR cfiT ~ cfiTUI ~ cITR."m ii;
~ ~ ~ %1 ~
~ 91{
t\--·.~\\iljt»----
~~-
5
'"'6~J~Po~w~er~E~l~ec:E_tr~o,~zic~s-~
~
=~~~;j"
C t oiled Pedesta 1 w1
~-tlth~lin~e;;a;rFRtaa-;;m~p~:-
§ 2.2.8. Resistance on r ~~ ~ -rr l.8 ( :31)
t f.l'lhuT
m Tf<TT %I
~ "'SfcfiR cfiT -qftq2l ~I-<.~ l"f-1 ~ .

As
1 ~---~-1

m 2.s ( 3l) ~ ri:q fufu ~ SCR ~ ~ cfiT ~

- ~ ~ - - - 1 . ·.
- -- - -- 1.. __
~:notI
}~_:,~_j
~ Mt:1 ~ UJT t ~ ~ 'G\ ffi R-C ~ cfiT tfmITT C %Rt~ (R1 fu3I" 2.9. ( i:murfinr IDU SCR ~ )

t mi ~min~ 'BmITT C 'G\ ~WR~ mffil'l:l R4 9 Rs ~

+ R) § 2.3. Commutation method of SCR :
~ ~ ~ ~ l < \ Q W R ~ ~ (Step) ~ ~ t 1 ~ 11c ~ - SCR cfil ~ ~ ~ ~~ cfi8 'G\ SCR cfil 1% ~ ~ cfi8
cfi1 wn: ~ qlffilT 11 "r=! men t1 SCR cfiT ~ ffl mffil'l:l R1 ~ ~ f.rtjfu t ~ ~ ~ cli'l m;fUf ~'ITT~ %1 (!'2l'f SCR WITTITT (contineous) ~

~~p· ]~
~ ~ t 1 -qftq~ t M'IR ~3TI 'G\ i'R11 ~ ti . 2.8 (ol) t ~ ffl t 1 ~if~% I SCR cfiT ~ cfi8 ~ ~ f.1i.:Jfciforn if~ 1% fcn'l:l cfiT ~ fcf1<TT

~ ~ - - ___ r------- ______ __

. ; j
- t
,
~ %1.- SCR
3.
2.
**
~ ffl i f ~ cnT ~ cfiBTI
mu (Anode current) cfiT .:JR mffm mu B cfill
1R ~ I 3lf'~ 91T cTT'RcTT ~ cfiBTI
cfiBT 1

. ; ~

: ~ ~ ~ ~ 1R SCR en) ~ cfi8 91T f1i.:ifcifoia fcnwn' ~-

~<,::.:t , ~ t . § 2.3.1 Resonant Method : Class A Commutation ( 3lyfR fufu ):
.f · ~ ~ fcn'l:l if 'lffi ~ A sf>ll if 1% ~ (Inductance) (!'2l'f 1% 'B~ C ~
L.c,.----J ~ t ~ %I ~ m 'lffi -qftq2l 1% ~ ~ (Underdamped) -qftq2l 91T ~ cfi1<.f
~I~ 3wq ~ -qftq~ cnT ~ cTT'RcTT ~ ~ ~ cfi8 'G\ 'lffi 'l:lTU cli'l cR11
fu:t-~2.S(ai)(m1Tti1 1~~) ,
~ SCR '?ntrol~M by Transformer ( SCR <nT ~ ;;m RlR1JI) ~ m 2 .10 (ol) ~ ~ m %1
~ 2.9 if 4Rcrn1~i1t1 !ffuuq R~ ~ ~ ii SCR ~ ~ C!i1UI ', t ~
a cfiT ~ - cfi«fT %I ~ fcfi-m ~ if <\Q ~ 'ITT fen- ~ en) 'l:lTU ~ .:~ . > I. corcu11 currenl

: ~~if ~ o2lf ~ ~ if ,ITT' fim ~ f¾;f mT 2.9 ii Ufil ~ ofc!ll

~ 3mITTm °4WT2l 91T ~ 'ITTill t I ~ f.:rnur mfq
~~ t 1~ = ~
en)
~~ ~
.--r:t,-
tzP ---~c;:RC Vollaga Across

r;;~
(ON - OFF control) tjt capacilor
. c/i76~ "''' 11,mr R cfiT ~ @"lfT ~ 'g°J -q:cli
~ . (Saturable care reacter~ 1i = cfiTl1' if @"lfT -;;r@T %1 -.4 "~
'IL+ i i
~ if ~ ~ if "ffi1 ~,, 7i 9'>1 >1'1'~1'1'1' ' l Vollaga Across

11 f.fcrroo ~ mu sfiT6 if · ~ ~ Di mu~ ~ t 1 ~ ~ -mli Inductor

~«R~t1~m~~if- ,+-,-.
~ 11 311 ~ t o2lf SCR c!iT 11c ~ t~ t s;ni-s ~
SCR ctr ~ 3Fffi ~ ~~ if ~ ~ 'tf;_ R9 ~ q BTffiT %~ fu-:r 2.10 (3i) ~fcriuwu SCR qif~~~qif~ (Gi) otrrwr
'l!;:\I t>l'tfTITT%J 'lfR'~~m,ftait{

rt,
oti1 ~
t1
2 <l ~ I -qftq~ if D, -tj~ 'C' cflf SCR I ii, &RI fqqfo1 3llit~H

§ .4. A.C. Power Control Using Triac.

.
·
il<mJ;

\.lf4ickf1 tm:tfey i f ~ P14;1o1 ~ ~ cfiT phase angle "lfT Cfill!fb, cfi1U

(a) f.p~f~a ~~% I 4,i;qf<,, ffl (a) ~ l:rR cfi) qftqfJa ~ <qR ~~i f 3:m:R
~ f1l!Ern ~ ~ ~ %I f-JifH4 <qR mu f+4f-;1a m"ffi %q ~
qi) cfiT f.•p.:j~u
mm ~ 1 ~ ~ ,'.j.jjq~'4c:fi 1TITT~ m "fi. 2 .1s if fi;©,ll, Tflfr i 1
LOAD

I
I

AC
}·
DIAC
Cl

t
e

<~)m ~
@ 2.16 ( ~l~cfi IDU A C ~ Ali54Ui)

~~ R 1 cf Ro~ "fi'tTTftr C cfil '5fR1 ~ cfil q,j;qRJ, cITTUT (a) "c:fiT f.:i;qf~a cwfT
i 1 ~ TfG ~ ~ ,:}1,q~llcfi Cflc?c.a, cfi) f.:i4Drn cwfT %1 dC::IQ{o, ~ <lR ~ v
c!l crci:fl cfi"f i m~ ~ "fl't-TTITT C, V CIIRctl (fen 3ijtj~lct -;,eff m , ~ ~ TfG "tR ~
cfl cr~~ir ~-;,eff m-rft cf ?lllc:fi<t4~ ~ i f ~ I "fl~~ 1ITTcf Tf J-lltj~H q"1Rdl (Charging
voltag e)~~ 3ilcl~llcfi ~ T = RC &RT~~~~ I <lR R cflT lffi 3TI'tfc:fl m11l
m"Bmm cflT v c?i ("2a, dCfi" 3i ,tj fo a m if ~ 3if'tlcfl ~ q fq fl ki cITTUT cflT lffi
~ aitl <qR ~~i f 3ITTRf ci°'1Rctl cfiT "BR cfl1=J m11l [Ria i Vo i Power i] ~
- q <qR q'1Ra, cfil -atrT ~ m 2 .16 c~) ~ ~ m,
 Power Control and Rectifiers [ 63
-;;;-~mu. :im*~,~~ ~~it.cn. ~ ~~ ~
~-qfcoln~t , I • I I

~ . 2 . Types of Uncontrolled Rectifiers ( ~ ~ ~ W:fiR)

~ ~ -q t l l ~ r.:ii=ire1F©a "9"ITT~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ =

1. ~ '31~ ~ ~ (3 phase half wave Rectifier)

2. ~ 1r1f ~ ~ (3 phase full wave Rectifier)
3_ ~ ~ ~ (3 phase bridge Rectifier)
~-phase Half wave Rectifier ( ~ am c'f{lT ~ ):
( Raj. Dip., 2010 J
~ '31tl "ct"Vf ~ qi"! "9"ITT~ 3Tit& m 2.17 -rf ~ 7fZl"T ! I
~~-qfti:r~-qM -,~~-qfc;m~ %1"9"ITT~- rfRchr~*~~
~ ~ ( MY- ~ ) ~ -q fw:TT ~%I ~ q;r ~ ~ q;)
mti. 2.17 C~) B~M~~ t-

(~)

~n
6 6
Sn
(~)
·· ·
.
~2.17(3l )~mi'otr T~cfiT~ (~)~~q
<~ ) ~ lR" f.:rfo ~ cfiT ~ m
 Powe r Control anti Rect ifier.\· I 65
64 J Power Electro11ics
(N eu .tr al) Oc fiT ~
~m ~ii ~~ ~fc n~ C~ ~~ ~'lff i'l:1 mcf iTR M S i:rR I . = vc 11n.1

D 3TTT 3TT~ ii ID 'g- rrm ~ D

JTI~ t oP.IT ~ l JIB : ~ C ii C11Tf ~ 3
C /111.f Rl
~ ~ I~
RL ~~mu~ "ITTill %I
D, mf tl'd '~it ~t1 D3 ~ ~~~ l1 9V
om ~ A~ 11{ '
V - = 1.0 17
~-rr= S · F.F =~ =_· 111

~ cfqi 3ffi Jn' ~ ii~ t, ~ ~ ffl ~c

v-11'1'"' TfTcfi (Forr ;1 raclo r) Ve l.i 7 V,,,
6 At1~ ~
i:fR ~C ~if3 n'~ %1 3m : ~
~t,~ ~Aq ;rcT TR ofc fiT- ~ JrFFJ2 - ✓(!.O J 7J 2 - 1 = 0.185
~ii 31A 1R ~ D2 om D3 ~:
I =
'3-ftfcnPJUTjqi (Ripple Factor) =
D, <lTc 1"f~i i3TT '1fTf l'TI o, ~~ ~ rf 18.5% ~ ~
JTI1Rm ii 3TT ~ Io~ ~&f fi ~ ~ t
t i tfRT cfiT 'iR ~ ~ %/3f¢f ~ ~ m ~~ ~~ ~m ill %fcn ~ 31mfM
ni <=i 1r11oni~~cfiTT.fi1 cf,q'
~ B cf~ C ~ 11{ ~ ~m t,~ fcl i-~ ~w rm it ~ cfii:lT31tio
2
; m<R oq,<l1c1"f ~ i i ~ t, ~ ~ ffl ti
~~'g~~ 8 cii T~ ~ C
tl 3TI~TT-l ~ cfiR UT~ 0 2 ~ ~ ~fy rer r~( PIV ) :~~ ~~ nm
%# i~i :r;? --f #3 rf- !ti
tl ~ DI o'4T 0 3 fcrqfur a:/f ~ rf 31T "11a cW Tm ffi~ #-: ,q~ ~cf fiff i!
~ 3TT ~ t I sr:rrg D2 ~ "iITITT 3TcWTT ii 31A : m ~ ~ ~ ~ P I V ~ t1~
~ ffl i i ~ m "fi. 3 .1 ( ~ fcR:f1 ~ ~ ~,,.i,s ~~
ii
~ ~ ~ W$f iim-a t
t oP./7 ~& TU ~ mu ~ "ITTTJT ~ 1[c:!iR ~ "Slfun~~ ~~ m-ort m-3'.Pf
"H ~ ~ - i l l ~ t I fin ii~ t fcn R1ffi
i i ~ cfiT ~ TTT cfiT --"1'11 '!1 ~ cfiT ~ ~ cfiT ~ ~
~~~ t I~ 3Titl~ o9 GT-1 ✓2 .; I 732

~<TTron~"ITTill 'gf Eirl rl

~f<n m~c fif!T ~f.:r fu cfiT 3TTmf i:rR ~~ ..2 :- I. T3 2 E m,, ~ E
. ~% cfiT 3ffil o-i:f R~c f;B~ 3m : ~ cWT m"fTT ~ii ~~ cfi1 P!V =

t
3ffi: Fl -i:fR ~ #A TIT "ITTill 1 t %I
MIT ~ ~ ~ cfiT cf . ~- TffVl i:rR
itf cn ~ ctiliRmi -1 --;ct>I ¥IBT
3m IB~ V - 1 51rl6 . ~c fil' ~lJ UT Tc fi (TUF ) : ~
c- 2 ,r I
3 };:,n S lll 0 d0
iiu'lll- cWT( sinusoida l) mu~"ITTill
t 1f; mif ~ (harm onics ) ~c ir~ -qr
:n~
~ Tf{"q
~ ~ ~ ~AJe1~·,
(<!I TT~ C~ ~% cfil 3:fm ,-qr
,~~ ~i "@'g-1) t f;mcflT f.rfu fq ii cfiT{ ~ ,ef\' tTToi %~ TI2 7T~ WT ~~ ~ t I
~ t1 ~ : ~ f q f.r fu
~~ q;r VA
rr ] 1~ ~f ,,t ,~e fri ii~ ~
~fc f;-6 '1~ %fc fi- ~ q; r~ q,
51rl6 - JV,,, ( Sn
= JV,,, (- cos0);r/6 -2- - cos - +c os_
ui ~ t n?.TI R7IB ~ oM ~ cn7
2Jl -
6 6 Rmf
ciiT VA m11 cfiT 3T:fTTo %I~~ ciiT ~a.-@l
rr cf;)
✓ 3 3✓3 V 1
_ 3V,,,
~
- -2,r X-2 =-2Jl " = !l. 7V 1:fimmill %I
m" ffi ~~ qi" J ~ ~ m m:
Ill
....... .(2.1)
% cfil RMS i:rR
UF =
1
Ve c - ~ = 0. 66
<: cfi1 r.-1 Hirr 1 5 t_. ' ·

dBJf
~i~
=[2~ r/6 BdB]; =[JV,2rr,~ f 5rrl6 (I 20)
m~ ~ q,J L·r 66°0 m1 t ,~~ cn 1 m
Vc , ms
rc / 6
VJ s in 2 - cos
2
~ =~ m" ffi ~~ 1 ~ ~ ffl11 ri -fw:rT ~
fu! mu~ &IT T~ (satu ra ted) 'ITT~%~ cf)RUJ
rr / 6 <l'""\$ f<c:~1 <

%1
=[:: f(~· -;) -r"t:~ -s;~i'Jll § 2.6.4 . ~ irof <TTTf ~ m
~'I° fCT trl ~~ ~:~ ~tl cW T~
0 : cfiffi ~ ~
Ti~ :sT<irscfil"31flTTTl fcf;-7:rJ ~ %1
rfucfil
:

11AA~11>Rfll ~ ~ "Q_q,. \ ,· ~
~ q , J ~ ~ ~ t 1~ "9fiu
~ ~~1R
T~ ~-; ;m n% 1~ ~
=[3:;; {(:· )-(-~ -~ )} / ~ - q· ~-m ~ ~~ ~)~ cfi
·f V o~r - V mRr!1 W<'!
"ITTffi %~ ~,$ 11u1 ~ 'q"{ ~~ mcft
% I~ >fcfiRwrn
~
~ >fl2IT"tfc:n ~ 'tft ~ cfTR'ill
l \ ' f;. • \ •\ ~ \ / I!) ~ ~ ~ ; ~
1R
= [v 2 +0.41 v2] = m i v111 = J.J9v111 · fcf;-7:rJ ~ tfcfiCT1 %I
....... (2,2) (Y,1, - v,1, V). - v,. Vil ~ Vn)
cfil f'q;i ~ 2.1S (~)&ITT ~

1-ffi: "7Tncfil31tmr-qr, '(' =~ - 1.35 v,u

R,. - ~
 --I
Power Contro l and Rectif iers l 67
o,. -la I == ~ == 1.35 Vm
C RL RL
~ ~ c f i l RMS 'tlR
o' I
+
j
I

6
Vc rms == [ 2n
2itJ/3 vl s in2 e de
]
2 [ 6 V2 2it / 3
= _ _m J (I - 't 20) d0
04
rt / 3
2n it /3
Rt
br 05

m2.1 s(3l )~l{ Ufm TT~ cfiT

~cf( "af) m~
~'T7 f'ffM ~cIT Tw~ 3ffi" &m~
2 .1s (3l) if~1' fl11% 1

a, . b,- ·
. c,--~ ·---,.,
a, ,,·---~., ' ;(
CJ
bz , Oz .b2 :

'v..<'~(
I , 1 ,
~~~:-~:<~:->:~,';<";:_':<,-~·-><··
I , , 1 , I \ / ,
>~~ '>< wt
~
1 1 , ; ,
I , I , . \( . ' )( /. . ' ( )(
1 \ )( \ /
I\ ,'-, I \ / \ ,I \ . /
\ ' , / ',.' '<-'· '/ '< x . "
/'', ,.>,,,., ~
\ \ ,1 \\ .

·./ ,~
I \ I
I

,,_):::. _ . . . . . . . _ _' >,

//_ '. -<'. ._ _ __
' '>// '>,✓ '..<../ . ',,,/ ',<.' j./
........___ . . . _.;: _ ' _--:_-:-_:__. . __ ., --
6 V x 7t 6Vm X ✓3 ] 2
= [ 4;' X 3 + 47t X 2
~'tj'. 2.18 . ('at )~l{ Uf~ ~m 'ff~
m2 .1s(.i :)if~ cWT ~~~~ tfcfi '~'l-T
if~Y cfiTc fl"Rm 3A~
~ gm7 i f ~ ~ % a:@ : ~'l-T i f ~ D
1
3TI1' 3TI'IRIB if~ t° <l'~ ~ &RT 'I-TR
'5lTT RTq~ ~ ~cITT ~mcT T% 1-;;ra 'I~ D
1
~ ~ (Co ndu ct ing state) if men
i~-3Rtl'l-TTsl<TTs1R~=m~cITffincfil?.lcfi«fr%
1~3A tl'l-T T~~ mu
cfiT ~~m or% 1~~ n/3~ ~T.J Tffi ~
i f 'W IT~ ~ R cfi1
~~~if 3TT ~ %I~ D2 &TU 'lffi >l'fuuq ~ ~ 'l:TTU ~ ffl %I D
~ ~ ~ if 3lffi 'ITT 3F1 tl'l-TT ~ fcrqfuf 2
3:rr'Rrn if 3TT ~ t I <l'~ 'l:TTU cITT ~ ~
6T~~ &RT ~ffl% l~Vc fil{~ D , D , D
3 4 5 ~ D6 ~ : ~ ~ i f 3lra%1
~ c t , ~ ~ rr/1 m<R <l'cfi it T.fTffi 3lcWTT if~% 3-'.f~ 2n m?:R <l'cfi tl'l-TT ~
~ ~ 3TT ~ %I
Qq'i' 'atl'{ "qTffi

~ c=rM ~ if m,.ft
~ ~ ~ ~ 'I-TR ~ cfiT W!ft@ cfi«TT %
I f.:rrm W<T ~
~ qf; 31T<Ifu f.!wlr r.fi1' '0 = TTT i 1~ ~ ~ mm
3TfcITTcfi ~-3TT cITT i:rR f.,r;;, rcn'l.A
>fc.nR-mo~~'BcF-ill %-
3m 'I-TR cfl"Rill
2,r/3
J V,11
,r / 3
sin 0d0 _ 6V,11(
- ~ - co
se)21t13 _ 6V,11 (
it/3 - ~ - cos 2n +cos
3
n)
= l.35Vm
3
 68 I Power Electro11ics Power Control and Rectifiers [ 69
~~~ (TUF) : Three Phase Bridge Rectifier ( ~ ~ ~ ) :
>lfcmm 'l-lR ( RL) ~mu~ cfiT TfO'RT 3mwIT ~ cfiT ~mm% I ~ -r1-;r ~ ...P... I Raj. Dip., 10 I
/:lq'l\.'"11'1 "'1\J, l'-,"<-<fll'<.I cfil %-
'11-t.'i~ ~ ffi 2 .19 ( 3l) l{ ~ ~
'l.lRmucfil~ l =!£_
C Rl
· · .(2,4)
~ sr:!Ts D, , D2, D3; D4, D5 ~D61;RTiJ:cfi~~~%1~'BTic!i1~
~ mu cfiT qrp:n~-ipiz;rG'R Urms) le r.m.s .= 1.001 l e ~~cnB~~~ AfY~WTT<TT~%1~ffl!M~ A oin B ~clil
~ ~ ~ c f i T ~ ~ i f l,ms cfil.:rRfic!i1 '1:Z!Rifr&Tcfi"{~~ ~~ (Resultant voltage) aBt~~lffiUITlTT~it 3'.!f~o~ ~iA"CR
~~D1 , 'lffi>l'IBU'l:lRL o~~Ds~ mucfil~mcTT%1~murc/J ~ocfi'
~%I
~tjt ~ : ~ WU ~ 'l-lR c!i1 cfr TT<TT ff cfiT 7TITRR f.rn m11T I
~mill% I~ 3RRIB ii ffi ~tjt ~ fcrlftf an~ ii m %a~% 1;R1 ~ 't1m
cfiT ~ 1"ITT 'ITTffi %I~~ rt/3 ~~ 2rc/3 radians ocfi~ Ao~ C ~'9ftulp:ft ~
61/Rl = 1/r.ms. Rl
qil lfR 3Flf ~ cfiT '9ftuTri:ft 9lmTT ~ an~ mID %I ~ 3-RRIB ii 'l-1'R mu ~ D 1, 'l-lR
1.001
la = ,/6 le = 0.409 le ... (2.5) ~~ o~_sl<TTs D6 &RT~ &ft I fcn~ ~ ii 1l'ftarrtjt ~ o~ mu cfiT ~
~mu~ciiT~~Y:TTUtWrRnrit~cfiT~~<liT f.rRWfi'R~°efrin
"IITTfcfiffi ~ VA w:71 Ela o2IT ~ ~ : ~ ~ 6Ela nrft I I

Ve
-3IB : VAsec = 6 x LJ5 x 0.409 le = 1.82 feVe .. . (2.6)
. .
. ..
~cii1J1TH~~~ii~~~c!i1H~cfi"&t%creir . \. .
.... -
Wl'ffiii 1s()<>cfil~ffl% 13fcf: ~"9TT1JITl1 ~m~~cfiT mu ii~~ o,
(Pulse)~%~ ffl cfi1 r.m.s. "GR la~ iJ:cfi ~ ~ fcrmo mill% I 3'.fo : m• ' -·. ~. ' -: : . ; '

~ # r.m.s. !:ITU cfiT 11R f.rn ffl %I

/ a r nu. = .Ji / 0 = 1.414 /0 = 1.414 X 0.409 JC

= 0.578 le (2 7)
~ J / T ~ ~ # t i ~ i w : T r ~ % 0 2 I T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- .
J/T~ C1Tff !:ITU -q 11R la r.m.s. t '9R 'lfTTT fi:lffi %I cfiRUI

3IB: fl = fi Ip = fix fi la = 2 x 0.409 le = 0.818 Jc

J/T~ ~ q,1 VA rftq f.rn wit 1
2
... ( .S)

VAprimary = 3Elp = 3 x ~ x 0. 578/ - 128V

. I. 35 c - · c 1c .. . (2.9)
~cfil~:JUTTqizyi)rfi7T~~~ ~ Period Max. Resultant Voltage Flow of current
3fcf: ~q,1-aJlRTTf.rnwft1 ~ \!JTWnm%1
0- ~ E (A - 8) D1 ➔ RL➔ D5
VA(av)= 1.82+1 .28
3
2 Ve le = l.55Vc le ,r 2,r
... (2.10) - E (A - C) o, ➔ RL ➔ D6
3 3
= 1.~5 = 0.65
-2,r3 -
3IB: TUF <1T 65%
7t E (8 - C) D2 ➔ RL ➔ D6
31\f: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
~~tfliRm-mmt, ~~c.liTTUF65%WJip-r~~ 4,r
rt-- E (B - A) D2 ➔ RL ➔ D4
3

-4,r3 -5,r-3 E (C -A) D3 ➔ RL ➔ D4

5,r D3 ➔ RL ➔ Ds
l. .___ 3 -2rc
E (C - B)
 . .
70 ] Power Electronics on~ t~ro ~I~an~d!_R~ec~tifif!.!_',~er~~J(~71
----- ---;- ~=~ --~P ~o~ we~ r~C '.!!.
l l'T/1/S 1.0012
1a = Jj = Jj I<. = 0.58 I,.
E(A · C)
IP = ✓2 Ia = ✓2 X 0.58 le = 0.82 le

VA rating of Trf. = 3 V Jr = 3x ~
1.3 x o,8_? I,. = 3 x 0.35 le Ve = 1.05 Vele
5
V,.!r
. U.F. =- - = 0952
1.05 V,.lc .
2ffi'l ~~( Rec tifi er) -q ~ 'qiJ 95.2% ~ m ~ fci; an~
%1
61
~~m Rm (PI V) : mm 2 .19 c~>
~~ ~m -q rrvqil
~mJ T%i ft 0_ q ~
E(c•A)
lfff~ ~~~ ~'fl cf;o f%~ ~ A~~ 2l@ D1
~ -~ an~ #m at,a IB: ~
~cf i1fu ill< 1~q ft~~ 'ffif .T~
m 2.20 c~ ~c }; ~'QftmmcfTR"ffl' lir-f ~ ~lfR)~ 0. m D3 ~ ~ ~ qft ~ ~ ~ ~ q;J ~ ll'R ~ q;J PIV
'ITT1lT 3IB :
~ 311W ~ 3fjtfR fcif~ ~3T T -q arf ~ ~ c!TmT
q;J ,

(A - B), E (B - C), E (B - C), E (C - A)~ E (C - B)

~ ~ 1:ffiq'fihntrr to~J § 2.7. c~ ntrolled Rcct1 tiers ( R<if:ra ~
. ) :.
PIV =_2..ffE

I '3"QTTm ~ cf,1 f~:TTJ°fIT-UhftrntJ' -q ~

t ~J Resistive load
qjJ i:ITffi \TT "3"9"TTm ~TjtlTCITT 'ITTcfT §/ sm gle Phase Half wave rectifier with
-;;rr 'tiqiffi t ~otTT ~~ mr~ mw) :
( ~~
·
~ ~ ~- q M~ m:rr3TT qiJ ll'R olcfi '3m ww ~ ~ ~ fcii SCR ~ Firing angle
1

~~ ~tj WTT R<ffirn ~- q ~ '9"{ 0 ~ 'qillJ'R

'T1f oM ~ - q fcn7.rr ~ t_ (a) ~
~ '9"{ 0
f.rif:@ ~ ~ tfcfiffi %I a 'qiJ lffi ~-~ ~
~ ~ 'qiJ ll'R t
· ti. 2.21 -q~T fm% 1scR ~11c
'F.Ri ll~t, ~>fq i'T{~ ~qiJ '9fM ~arit &m'
:ra~~ v. =.i.
am1q~ 2 13
f1t v,n sin e de
27t 1t/J = 1.35 V m -.4 ~
c:t>I a
~ ~ .;,:
~ ~ 3'JcWTT •1 JTI~
ci,1u 1 '9"{ 'i'W·W.' I
%ci
<l'ffi q'l ' 9 " {
m1t ffl'G "{~ ~~
ITTq;J 3ffif fill'R R8~
C
~'cTT
m'G"{'fq(f: 'ITT~ ~-q 3lf-if@T% I ~'G"{~'ITT
I 'ij ~ fcfi?:rr ~ WfiCTT %I
21t /3 ]2
f
1t/3
V,; sin2 e de = 1.352 ym
2
~-= 7[
1'
!
V. V.
= ; [- cos 01; = 2; fl+ cos a]
Jr

2
V, 11 sin 0 d0
... (2 .1l)

3TT~'ITTill%cim
'31R lm~- q~~R cfiff ir%f cn~a = O%°CTol'Vc q;Jt:JR
am:ra'~ mu Ir =~ = 1.35 v,ll
RL
~ a = 1t %~ Veq;J ll'R ~mm% I
RL
~~ V. V.
'lfn: 'l:TTU Ir = _L. = _ m_[l+ cosa j
~ i:mr qjl RMS i-=- _ V,,,111s
1rrms - - - --
_ 1.352 V3 ,:)11~(1
RL 27[ RL
.,, 7
RL RL

1
= Vcn11.1 = mnl' _ 1.352 _ ~ 'l:TTU 'qiJ rms ll'R / = V:-rm.i
R
•~( Fo rm Factor.)
('n/L\'

I - 135 - 1.0012 L
V..
~- ( ('.

~ R =.f FF - l =.{(1.0012)2 - 1 =0.069

2
I af1t Vm2 sin 0 d0J½= v.,,, [n - a+ :in 2a I 2]½
~emi. ~ ~ -q ~ lITT'T q;J llR ~ 63/c0 WIT 1 Vcrms = 21t [ 2
Utility fac tor (~ "TJTTcfi) :
trf ~m 'ti. 2.21 (~) -q
~~/ ~~~ SCR ~m- q~q ;Jci
U.F. = a:ihrn D. C. Tif<@
VA rating of Trf. ~ll<T T%1
3ffiffi D.C. ~ = y C IC VA rating of Transformer= 3VIp ~ a = 0 %~ Vrn11s = V,11 I 2 = 1.57 mm %I
Vr V,11 I 7[
lp = ✓2Ia ; 3/2 . R - 12
a L- cmi1· RL
,.~~_-:-. . ~-=----
~ ,:f'
,,~.
72 j Power Electro11ics

:J O ~.
c:R

.,

,,,t W ~
LL-. ...l.. .---- --'-- ---;,
ra:r 2.21 (ar) ~ ~ f.r<.rf:ra ~ cnr ~~ mr
'QT'tl'R lffl(~)m lf~
~ W7T (itr cfiT Form factor 1.57 m1TT I
a =0 1R "3fifcfiT ~
Ripple factor = ✓(FF/ - I =✓( 1.57)2 - I = 1.21 'ITT1TT
a= 01R ~ cfiT ~~(ut ilisati on factor) -
V - V,,, Vm = TC Ve
r - --;- ⇒ \ffiqlffi i

V = ~c = 2.22 Ve. lcnns = le x FF= 1.57 le. fu:r 2.22 ( 3l) ~ ~ m.ratlJ f.lcffi@ ~ ~ 'ITT lIT 'Q'ftw ~

(~) ff{TT ~
Rlkr~ m =Ve IC ; ~cfiT V A Wm=v I
V = 2.22 Vc
I =Icmis = l.57Ic ; § 2.7.3. Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier With lnductiH load
VI = 1.57 x 2.22 Ve Ic = 3.49 Ve le
and Free Wheel Diode :
):
Ve I,
UF = -"----'--- 0.286. (~~~ ('f{TT R<W ,ra~~ mt~~ ~snT I'scii ~
3.49 v;_ I, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ 3l~ ~ f.rffi@ ~ -q ~ \ffi ~ cfi'B '9"{
t
tTTffi ~ '3i~ ~ ir a 'B TC cfiT ma_.n a it /3 ~ M> 'ITTol t I <1R
~ 'lfIT
§ 2.7.2. Single Phase Half wave Controlled Rectifier with Inductive Ioal SCR cfiT
(~ qj'RJ'~m~~~mr~~) · c!iT ljR ~ 3'.lf'~ %<'!T SCR cfiT 'q]'ffi cfiIB /3 \TT~ 3M 11?.ll f im 'ffi cITRnT cfiT
l1'R ~~mi ll% I~ cnlft (Disadvantage) tfil ~ ciiTT ~ ~ W ~ WITTRR
1zqicfif fi<!~~c f{T)~ ' ~ • ~Tl~
,. cfiT )(\/U/Cfl '1-ffi 'B ~ c/iTT '9"{ SCR cfiT 'q]'ffi ~
am~~ 'i a 'H TC m<R cf.T 31qa_.n a ~ /3 m<R ocfi 'ITTCTT %I TC 'B /3 ocfi ~ 'qR: if milf 1ft.z.:i. ~ fcrclful 3'.lf'~ ir ~~% I
~ ~ ljm ~ ~ (.Free wheel Diode) ~ % I ~~ SCR ~
~cnT!"f : SCR GRT~q '1-ffiir 8:fll~ ~tl~T C 'B /3 ocfi~ ~ (l2 u2) i ~ cfil >ffimll 'ffi -q ~ cfiTTfJ %I ~ TC
t cfiR, -q 7t ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ 0
sifIBI am: SCR cfiT ~ n ~ cfi1 3lllaJT /3 ~ ocfi ~
SCR GRJ~q ~ 8:fll~
t , _ ,.
~ qjl3ffim'!ITTR9Tr.:rrr4- ~ ~ cfiIB ~ ~ SCR ~~(O ff state) -q 3TI ~ t o?.11 ~ W ~ t'ffeIB ~
'}J~ .:j' 'I.JR ~
~ 191<.fl 7jj'T ~ t -
~ GRJ m cn1 7jj'TaH 1
1
"''"" \ q,
j /3
vc -- - Jv111 sin· ed0 _ vm [c /3 :Im %°OT ~ ~ cfiB ~ ~ mmT q '11TP-Tm cfil 'iTT1l "<i1l m ti. 2.23 ( ~) t
os a - cos J.
2Tr a · - 2,r
~mBnrn, · ·
 Power Cn11trn/ and Rectifiers I 75
-~
- -irR qr<;""C-111 cfiT
:,n=r.:, .
vi1-i•11 1 :.{'l1ITcfi (Form Factor) :

V
FF= ...E!!lI..=-
I ·
x__ I __
[
n(n - 0·
s in 2u )]i
+ - 2-
I

Ve ✓ 2 (I + cos a)

At= a= 0
I I l n:
FF= r;:; X - x [1C 2 ]2 = ~ = l.l l
2v2
..;2 2

I
/
I
,' C
, . '--Oio d• ...,1to9• dro,
I...() ...I.- llwrlctor ,- { Olod• r
~cfi TWT Tcfi ''mt q
@2. 23(3 l)~c nFIT TT~ f.lei f;ra
lfRf ~ mtirn q Gi) 'ffilT ~
mms~ c
§ 2.7.4. Single Phase Full Wave Cont
rolled Rectifier with Resistive Load:
2l") :
(1t' 7fo flf~ ~~~ Wo 'mt cii' fJT
11rn cfiT ~
~cfi"f!T1r7f oM ~'ef cm~ ~~ if ~~, :rv: r ~1ffi f.:rim V~to 2U f,ifu
r:rt1 ~yftu rrfi:l; rcfiT
~-;jj @'T t,~~ 1 : 2 ~cfiT 1ffilJ TTfl:
~ 1rn t di1lU
if '3i1ffi 3W WT (Upper half part) ~ R'i@ ~ WT if
V 1W<1 'ITT'71 I 1ffi1
~ ~ ~ t I ?fWn Mt ~
Jijf WT~ f.ri:@ ~ WT if~ : SCR I o2IT
SCR2
~ t cfiT f?'7R 1lffi ~"ITT
~ o~ SCRI cf SCR2 t 'efcm~ ~ ~ fc!i<TT
I zyn' SCR
ffl ~ ~ 31~ ~~
~ c:1' ~ t ~ ~ t ~ 31~ ~
if SCR I o2IT
m~ 1R m) SCR 2 ffl ~ WR I 'lTR SCR cfiT
(~ ~ cfiT ~ ~ ~
~ a cfi1T1f 1R c:1' ~ %oT SCR I a 'H 1t radians ocfi' "q']'ITT ~ i f ~ oP.TT SCR 2~ ir
I "31Rlmc8UT t ~ SCR 1R
~ c!Tf2'fficli1 1,J Vcll o9t
+a~ 2n: radians ocfi '~ .a:rcw.rr if~ •7-"'). ,,_, o·cro!is sc• 1

'liR ~'ITT 1R<1 tcin : °eft-R .a:rcw.r

r (Off state) if "1T ~ I ~ cITRi oP.TT im: ~
ll
cfiT CT{7T ~ R:Hi . 2.24 (0!) Vffi 'H "ITT7TJ
I

~ qiffi 1r1f nM R n ~ t tfoi~ if ~ <R 3mTTf clTRill cfiT TfR f.r:;r m

~ ~ fcn<TT sifT Wnrrr t-
1 1[
v,11
V,. = - J V,11 sine de. = -[co s o: + 1)
n: cc n:

•= UTTT
.,,\ '-11\1
/
,.
v,11+co so:]
=-[l 0 If , ?II
1CR1,
iTm TT U'T TT
.. ~2. 24( 3T )'t% ~~~ ~cf

=V
n: - 0: +
n:
~ a.Ji
2
irrm ttw~ (si) "ffi'l l~
~
[ PIV rating of SCR : -q 3~m Ro 12 Vm t, 1•11 o~
>RT 1:l'~ ~ ~3 1if ~if SCR 2~~
I t~' fl·_ ,n~ mRcTT2 Vm mrTTI
~'!rc fiR> RT1 :l'cI TRo T~~ 31tf ~if SCR
a + -sin - 2ajf 3Tif: 1mtf~ -q ~- q ~~c f@ SCR "11
Pl \/ rftrl 2\'m lTT1TT I

!
_ /lcrms /I 1t -
2
RMS tITT: ~ fcrms - - - = -
Rl Rf. 1t
 r-
1

76 ] Power Electronics ~ otb Power Com I

I
;ffe a>~ ti ~"'"l.. ci1ffim im: 1:1Rr cfil" ~-q ro and Rectifiers [ 77
§ 2.7.5. Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (Full wave) with Inductive load,
(~~1i11f'ff i1T~mr'$~ ~iwfiro) : · 2.25 (tl) efrrrr - . \lR~q \lR qmq;ViJtrT~ftTT-tj _
~ ~ i f irR1R3Th:@~qiT 1JRf.r9
~~rrf crMf.rffi@ ~if~ ~1R SCR q;r"'qfffi a it f3~~ I ,r+a
~m-
~% l>I~ ~~"l"'qsfiif SCR J q;r,:flffia il 1tcfil~&TTa il f3m<RWr>W(fft 1 J sin0d0 _ V,,,
7t cfiT p 3rcrr'Q if ~ ~ if mo ~ qi) y.f: >l@U'Q ~ if ~ fcf;<TT sifTffT t ~~ a it a
a - -;- [cos o: - cos (rr + a) V,,,cos a
-- -

~ Wri" ~ mu q;r ~ ~ % I * ~ ~ q;r llR cfiftfiT 31f'Qcfi t "fil irR mu~

7r

W'Tid'~*~ ~qilllR<Pf%oT ~ mu 3lf.ltITT (discontinuous) m1TT I~%1_~ ,!oo

~ mu~ 3IB1T@R ~ 'QTU~~llR1Rf.r* cfi«ft% I* a<~ %m3IB1mm tffi: ~ ~ I !>uppiy

\ volt•g•

mrftd'~ ~a>~% "fil ~ mu WITTITT 'ITT7TT ~ (p= tan - I XL %1

rr.c,+
R ,' 311 wf

l
I
I
I

~ -~.?.: JscR, c__ .. -

.... ... ,.
~ R
J]_ ___ 0 lb) Tr ,oqer

_ Jrn-U'-_J ~,· Pu lse

.,,
Lt ~ (cJ -Volto 9 ,

oc,oss SCRI

1T 31; wt
.,'/✓
· n,)
..
. 1,,,.•~-
~,, _,,
' •4
2t

(tJ Vo/tog•
ocr1n•• sc-. 1

wt ·

f--1---..:i § 2.7.6. Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier with Inductive load
~ 2.25 ( ~) ~ ~ mi+.:mr fuffira ~ ~ ~nd flywheel Diode.
, l.~""' 1 lqoC.q,f(I cfiT ~(!Viet, iJTt "qr ~
(~~TJfmir~ inr~lJ;mm nufsTms-i };~~~) :
(~) ~ mr um~~ cfiT ~ ~
• ( ) ~>icfiR-i}j~~ i f ~ ~'R~ffi~~m-gfcrlfuf "1f\Rfu~WW1Tsi!Tffl %I
*a>~t~~3ffi1ITT TR~'QTUcfiT°Gf flif~~cii"fW7T~. i:,.....
~~WITI l"l-=l~. 2.25 oi ~ ~ SCR ~ aR ~ i f ~ ~muff~ cfil -g;l : ~ ~ a:r'.T cii«fT %I ~
rfl'~if irR1R~~cii"fll RR9WfiRWIT : ~~'=l~-q SCR I q;r,:flffia ilrr~WfVifc,,m oTt~~ tTIUa ~ P~ocf;"
~ m-m t I f3 it 7t ?:Wff<fqi ~ mu qil ~ ms t ~ men t I rfl' ~ qi) 11m .
V. v,11 J/3 . 0 V.
r = - sm d0=-..!!!..[cosa-cosf 3] ~~(Flywhee l diode) tjt~f I
n a n
~ ~ ~ ~ Ve cii"f llR a o2TT f3 1R f.rih ~ <7fu: f3 cii"f liR ~ a:rf~ !
( ~~ ~ cii"f llR W 3TT''Tcn I) ooi Ve ciir llR ~ "ITT tfcliID I ~
t <lfG t
= 800 o2TT f3 = 2800 "fil Ve ciir llR ~ "ITT tfcliID I
t t ~ a,
 PoH•er Co111ro/ mu/ Rectifiers [ 79
§ 2.7.8. Single Phase Controlled Bridge Rrctifi<·r with Inductive load:
( ~ mtcfi WW~ cfiffi f.mRra ~ ftrcfirit) :
11:fi ~ f.:r:IB@~ ~if~~~ m;m VqiTT ~:Im ~~ (Fly
wheeJd iode)cf >l~,ITT m-ffi% ~ffl~ii W1~'3 A~~GR T~~
'4R if~~~~ "IJ'ITT2l
mmr ~ cfil '>ffi ]'fuuq-q °ITT ap:f ~R'lJT ~% I~
t D
"ij
1ITT 'ITT 'B SCR ~ cfiTUT oq, m ~ ~ i f ~ t I tfg
"ij :ff: mUT (Feed back)
cn1 q;r4 ~ f.r8 ITT &f{f ~ cfi'hrr ~ %_

JI/
TfotrJ '~~m ~~cfl J;c@ ~
m 2.26 <~ ~TTT
-i"• ..J.:r..,.,,.,.>
q mms <}; m2r •m ~""
.
§ 2.7.7. Smgle
Ph
ase
trolled Bridge with
C
on ~-rt:r~) .
( "!ITTffiU mt$ W2T ~ cJiffi I '1 <i""" <fl ~ 'J
Resistive load :
. r----+-::"2 ~'
~ ~ f.:rffi@ ~ ~ ~ ~ m~ 31~ f.r:mrn' (half controlle d)~ c!il
~fcfi;: rr~t1
~ ~ ~ ~ a : i f f l i f ~mucfi l~SCRI o2TTWITsD2 ~~min m 2.2s c.ar)~ cncm r~~cn r~ 'l.TTr-irr~
cf2TT~ a:ifflif ~ m{Tcfil~ SCR 2 o2TT~ o, ~&JUWTT 31~-zyrr GWan 1fficl'2l 'if~ 'lfR'ITT ~~'B '4R mucfiT~ a'B 1tfflcfiT ~~a 'B f3~
if~ mucfiT ~~mb if m~ ~-q"{~ ~m'<f- &rr 1 WP mill% I ~ 31ffi -q a 'B 1t cfiTUT oq, '4R mu cfiT ~ SCR 2 cf2TT ~ D1 &JU
~"ll""{~c!TRfficlilotrT~mtf. 2.27 c~) &f{f ~fcn<: rr~% , ~ ~ c f i ) "ITTW%~a ~ /3~cfcfi" i,-rrr mucfiT~ SCR2 o2TT~ D2 &f{f'ITT ol%1~ '>ffi
~ll'RV c = Vmhr(l +cosa)~ r~fcfi;:r r~%1 if~~ cfiT ~ SCR2 cf2TT~D2 &T'U'ITT ~~fcf;m ift~~ ~cf>l
~ 1ITT mfil t , '4R ~~mu~ mrT ~ f.ft ff"&rr 2.28 (~) ~

.1
I >l'zyJ' ~

2 ~~'lf l~%,
_'_... s ca
,----+-sc_R "Bg ~ f.,cffl ~~if~~ %cl2TT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ SCR &JU
I R1 f.rffi@fcn<:rr ~%I ~~f.rfu- q~'ITTc flffi" 1°'f otrl~~ cfil' SCR ~~
o, Dz cfilUT &f{f R<ffi@ ~ 'lfT WficfT %I~ffl2l' 3!rf$ii~ ~ W ~ %~~ ~
~ m scR ~ mh2TT ~ 1:fiT<iftrPrn'll21 in w Wl:T mt , ~ "Birr i:JITTm ~

fu:r 2.27 ( 3T) ~ cfiFITTf ~ ~ q i f V@TT£f mrm-imiw ~~~ I ~ °llffi cf2TT '4R ~ qi"[ otrT ~ m tT • 2 ,28 ( ~) ~ '>ffi ~ cfiT

~ 1i'R f.r8 ~ ~ ~ fcn<:rr 'lfT ~ %-

I
I
I
-:----I . l--scr< 1 ---i
, 02
I
I Loo ..i
vot'ta1eo"4
cvv'"' , j I

I : toa~ cvr r ent I

: : ;
I I I ~•-•,-·~I
I m 2.27 (~)o{ll ~ I ------ --- I,,,,,.,.-- ~ . I

lI
---
,i~·~\1d'--
, SO l Power Electro11ics Power Control and Rectifiers · I 81
----..
l,r V111 [ eta = V,"(l+cosa )
~ SCR ~ ~ cfil1Jl a cfiT ll"R ~ °il W~ ~ rr./6 °il cfltl n<rr ~ m'I-ITT~
V = _ J V,,, sinB dB = - ; - cos
C ff a
ff tfo<l~ (Continuous voltage) ~mo2TT 'I-ITT~ 'ITT"Bffil(Continuous) 'ITT·TT I 3'lcf: O
,:: a.< 1tl6 ( 312.ffil a cfil llR ~ °il :m'~~ rr./6 °il cfltl) cfi13"J"cW.TT ii SCR cfiT trnq_ ~
=~ = ~ ( I +cos a) r:rITT2l it~ "tITT ~ SCR "it~
·
~ ~ >lR 1r RL 1t RL
'1:ITT1 cfiT .
(Continuous conduction) miTI o2TT 'l.'fR ~ m fi . 2.29 (c1') i t ~ "i@t t 1
. -rmtatil ~cfi1~~ 3Timml ft~SCRo 2TT~ ~cWT~cf ilam:@ll" RRl=l>lc !m°il~fc! ;<n-;jfl~i -
~ cfi1 PIY ?:RJP~cfi ~ 'kV' ~ cWf cfitTTT 31(1' : ~ cITT PI V °tfbT y 1 51rt6+a
~,mcfii~ ~qIBT~ 2Ym ~ c:;_1-,1111: V
rn ½- = - - J V111 sin 0 d0 = ~ [ - cos 0]5, 16+a
2rt / 3 ,r/G+a 2 7t s /6+a
n1TT I
§ 2.8 THREE PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER. :
~ + a)]
. . 3 1
§ ;&-t"Tbree Phase Half wave controlled recti~er with Re~1ve l~ad: = ;; [ cos ( %+ a) - cos (
3
= ~:"' cosa
~ t:t m
f.rffiffi ~ cfiT "llITT2T 3TTt& m
'B . 2 .29 ( 3'l) 1""11 TT<TT (? , ~ W2l il SCR I cfiT :m'~ ~ ffl Srr./6 "ITT7TT ~ Sn/6
31 m ~~
A ~~ 102TT ~2zy:r rm~%~ ~2cfi1 ~~1 "il:m'~ %13'lcf:~
~ SCR I cfil ~ Src/6 ~ :m''l:lcfi ~ M -;jfT ~ %cf<@:fi ~ m ~ ~ ~ 2 ~
1
~ ~ 1 ~ ~ fcf9'fuf 3'lf'~ efiT4 ffl I

-;{
✓,,

/ \._::t

@2.29(3 l)~:mi~ f.r:ffi@ ~cfiT11 ftm&m tmtw

~~q;) mfi. 2.29 c~) it~WTT ~ii~fcfi <TI-;jfl ~i 1WTT~
~~~if <mft7 ~ 1 o2TT ~ 3 zyrr m~ 3"J"cW.TT ii%~ n/6 ffl ocfi ~
1 ~ SCR I qiT"'qlffi ~ if ,ITT ffi<TT-;jfl ~ %cf<@:fi ~ 3 cfi1 ~ ~ 1 cfi1 clTffiT
"H~%1rc /6fflocfi" ~ 3 cfi1~~ 1 ~ SCR I ~~fcfqfu f 3'.ff'Rfucfii~
~I .'!-{
6 I
3'lo : SCR cfiT ~ ffl rr./6 ~~"ITT l=!T91 ~ %1rc/6 CTcfi a cfil llR ~ m1lT

( wt=~ ,a=O) . a ~~ll"R"ITI: 'l.'fR~cfi lcWT~m fi. 2.29 (~) ~ ~"ITT11!I

"3"Wmo °M~cfiT ~ll"Rfcf im~cfsf i"~3i'h@ llR~~~~ !1 !--...- ------- --- "•--- - -------;:.
"3"Wm9sfiTif~ 1 cfilcfsfi"v = Ym Sin0~~~ ~"ITT7T T 3'.fo : 3TTffifllRR"8WfiR
m-
5,r/6
V = -I-
r 2,r /3 J V, 11 si110d0." = 3V,,, [-cosB/5,r /G
,r/6 2Jt ,r/6

J:-<2.29
~ (~) fcrlml" ~ ~ m- mr WU cfiT "ITT1T ~
('q,I