NUMBER THEORY &

BASIC ALGEBRA
Real Number/Number

Example:

1, 13, 37, ........

-1, -12, -1.5, -3.4 etc.
5/9, 7/2, 1137
etc.
1.33333...., √2, √7 etc.
Integer/Whole Number

Example:

………., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ……….

Natural Number

Example:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5,………….
Even & Odd Integer

Example:

Even Integer: …….-6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6,…...

Odd Integer: …….-5, -3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 5,……
Characteristics of Integers
Rational & Irrational Number

Example:

Rational Number: 3, 4, 5/7, 2.6666… etc.

Irrational Number: √2, √3, √5 etc.
Fraction

Classifications:
i. Proper: Numerator < Denominator
ii. Improper: Numerator > Denominator
iii. Mixed: Another form of “Improper Fraction.” It’s written with
an Integer plus an Proper Fraction.
Decimal
Convert a Recurring Decimal into a Fraction
Divisibility
Prime and Composite Number

Example:
Prime Numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 etc.
Composite Numbers: 4, 6, 8, 10,12 etc.
How to Identify a Prime Number
Factor & Divisor and Multiples

divides
another number
leaves no remainder

multiply a certain
number by an integer
Prime Factorization

Ref.: https://d138zd1ktt9iqe.cloudfront.net/media/seo_landing_files/prime- Ref.: https://d138zd1ktt9iqe.cloudfront.net/media/seo_landing_files/prime-

factorization-01-1637214245.png factorization-01-1637214245.png
Finding Factors of an Integer
HCF/GCF and LCM

The full form of LCM in Maths is the Least Common Multiple,

whereas the full form of HCF is the Highest Common Factor.

The H.C.F. defines the greatest factor present in between given

two or more numbers, whereas L.C.M. defines the least number
which is exactly divisible by two or more numbers.
Rules of HCF and LCM

Ref.: https://d138zd1ktt9iqe.cloudfront.net/media/seo_landing_files/relation-between-hcf-and-lcm-1619517333.png
HCF/GCF and LCM using Prime Factorization

Ref.: https://www.goteachmaths.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/HCF-LCM-Prime-Factorisation-Demonstration.jpg
Decimal Place Value Chart

Ref.: https://www.timothyprice.net/uploads/8/3/0/6/8306952/screen-shot-2018-08-16-at-1-52-31-am_orig.png
Number Line and Absolute Value

Number Line: A number

line can be considered as a
visual representation of
numbers on a line.

Absolute Value: The

absolute value of a number
may be thought of as its
distance from zero. Ref.: https://i0.wp.com/dewwool.com/wp-
content/uploads/2021/04/NL1.jpg?resize=696%2C418&ssl=1
Exclusive, Inclusive and Between A to B
Consecutive Integers

Ref.: https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/images/consecutive-even-odd.svg
Evenly Spaced Set/Arithmetic Sequence

Ref.: https://d138zd1ktt9iqe.cloudfront.net/media/seo_landing_files/arithmetic-sequence-formula-1623145556.png
Rules for Exponents

Ref.: https://d138zd1ktt9iqe.cloudfront.net/media/seo_landing_files/img-1670917685.png
Quadratic Equations

polynomial equations of degree 2

f(x) = a𝒙𝟐 + bx + c = 0

Ref.: https://www.studygate.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/quadratic-fix.png
Reciprocals

Example:
Properties of Inequality

Ref.: https://www.basic-mathematics.com/images/properties-of-inequalities.png