VICES
of vices in the community causes
Vice is any immoral conduct or habit, the
indulgence of which leads to depravity,
wickedness and corruption of the minds and
body.
THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF VICES
● Alcoholism - is the state or condition
of a person produced by drinking
intoxicating liquors excessively and
with habitual frequency.
● Drug Addiction-
● Prostitution - It is an act or practice of
a woman who engages or habitually
indulges in sexual intercourse for
money or profit
● Gambling - it is a game or scheme
the result of which depends wholly or
chiefly upon chance or hazard.
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF
VICES
● The study of vices is important
because these crimes are ever present
and persistent in all forms of society.
● It is important because vices affect the
daily lives of more people than any
other crime whether they are victim or
offender.
● It is important because its evil effects
are more disastrous morally and
physically than any other crimes.
● It is important because organized and
commercialized vices disrupt the
social make up of the community
● It is important because the existence
serious problems in law
enforcement.
● It is important because the younger
members of the society are greatly
affected by vice problems and its
control prevents the growth of
prospective criminal
THE EXISTENCE OF VICES IN THE
SOCIETY
The existence of vices in the society has
been since time immemorial. It dates back
from the early days of civilization and
continued to exist through the middle ages
and up to the present. Despite restrictions and
prohibitions imposed by the leaders of the
changing generation, vice has existed.
In every community in the world, big or small,
there exists some form of vice which
victimizes the people. In the Philippines. vice
exists in urban (cities) as well as in rural
(provinces) Communities. It is greater in the
cities than in the towns.
THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF VICE
Vice present varied social problems affecting
morality. health, economy, criminality and
efficiency of the government,
drug addiction - affects the health and
morality of the youth while
gambling and prostitution - hampers the
efficiency of the government with bribery
doled out by maintainers as an instrument of
corruption of government officials.
Alcoholism - breaks down the moral fiber of
society.
As a social problem therefore, vice control
must be a coordinated effort of the following;
● The home, school, and the church
must campaign for the eradication of
vices in the society.
● The government and the police act as
an agency of control must embark on
repressive measures against vice
maintainers.
● The people must endeavor to achieve
moral education and economic
upliftment through their voluntary
participation.
REASONS WHY THE POLICE MUST
BE INTERESTED IN VICE PROBLEMS
a. It is a fact that vices can not be totally
eliminated but only at most controlled
or regulated. Vices cater to the
emotional lives of men. Its course, like
the flow of water in a river, can not be
stopped. It can only be regulated.
Therefore, continued police action of
sincere and honest officers can only
control the existence of vices.
b. Vices are connected with other forms
of criminal activities. Criminals are
important customers of vice dens.
vice dens.- It is the best place for hiding
from policemen, disposing of their loot
(stolen properties), relief and recreation
and planning future crime.
c. Vice dens are oftentimes the scene of
frequent fighters that disturb the peace
of the community.
POLICE PROBLEMS IN VICE CONTROL
● Clandestine nature of the commission
of the acts.
● Lack of cooperation from players,
customers, and victims of vices,
● Enjoyment of goodwill by vice
operators Public apathy and
indifference.
● Unwilling government officials to
work against vice existence.
● Clandestine Operation committed
secretly and behind closed doors.
● Enjoyment of Goodwill by Vice
Operators earned as a result of the
past favors extended by the vice
operators to the politicians during the
election campaign or help to put up a
business. This is an expression of
FILIPINO “UTANG NA LOOB”
sentiments.
● Lack of cooperation from players,
customers, and victims of vices. The
lack of cooperation among persons
who could help the police in
prosecuting vice operators is a severe
handicap in enforcing vice laws. These
gambling players, customers of
prostitutes and victims of drug
addiction or other vices who may be
utilized as witnesses of the police but
refused to cooperate with law enforcer
 for fear of becoming involved in
criminal charges or they have been
given special favors and concessions
by the vice operators whom they
cooperate and support instead of the
police.
● Public Apathy and Indifference
Police control of vice is made difficult
by the difference of opinion of the
public as to the nature of regulations
to be imposed. Some do not show
interest in the prosecution of vices.
Others believed that vice is a
necessary evil and as long as vice does
not affect him, he is not interested
whether the same is controlled or not.
Only citizens who have no monetary
interest in vice and who are civic
spirited are usually in favor of full
control of vices.
● Unwilling Government Officials to
Work Against Vice Existence
Corruption makes government
officials unwilling to work against the
existence of vices. Operators of vice
dens sometimes control the local
politicians of a city or town This is
done by giving "kick-back" money to
them or their wives or shares with
them the large profit they received.
Gift of great value are sometimes the
vehicles of corruption.
ORGANIZED AND COMMERCIALIZED
VICES
Commercialized vice are organized vice
operations partaking in the return of a
legitimate business enterprise. Soustimen they
the branches out to legal undertaking or
businesses ses front or cover-up to their
illegal activities. They have complete
personnel for purposes of management
suparvietone.) operation. and even attending
to their miscellaneous activities under the
payroll of the organization. They have
managers for administration, various
employees for routine dubine, security guards
(bouncers) for their continued protection. look
out and informers to prevent police raid and
arrest and even practicing lawyer for legal
services in case of arrest. The headman or the
operator normally is unidentified. Their
businesses are interwoven with each other
ranging from prostitution, drug traffic,
gambling and sale of liquors to alcoholics
catering to various farms of customers mostly
criminals, pleasure seekers, addicts. gamblers
and alcoholics. Oftentimes their operation is
known to some government officials and
beconen, the greatest headache of Law
enforcers.
LEGAL ASPECTS AND THE PROBLEM
OF ALCOHOLISM
A. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Alcoholism is the state or condition
of a person produced by drinking
intoxicating liquors excessively and
with habitual frequency. (State vs.
Savage 89 Ala. 17 L.B.A 426, 7 South,
Rep. 183). It is a condition wherein a
person is under the influence or
intoxicated with alcohol. His physical
condition and behavior has been
modified to a certain extent by the
effects of alcohol.
 2. Alcoholic Liquor, is any beverage or
compound, whether distilled,
fermented, or otherwise, which w I
produce intoxicated or which contains
in excess of one per centum of alcohol
and is used as a beverage (State vs.
Oliver, 133 S.C., 125, 130 S.S. Rep.
213).
3. Drunkard Is a person who
habitually takes or uses any
intoxicating alcoholic liquor and
while under the influence of such, or
in consequence of the effect thereof, is
either dangerous to himself or to
others, or is a cause of harm or serious
annoyance to his family or his affair,
or of ordinary proper conduct. He has
lesser resistance to the effect of
alcohol.
4. Chronic Alcoholics- Person who,
from the prolonged and excessive use
of alcoholic beverages, finally
develops physical and psycho
changes and dependence on alcohol.
The person consciously or
unconsciously begins to demand on
alcohol's narcotic effects for a- "pick-
up", to sleep at night, to feel "good",
to cope with business or domestic
problems, to enjoy social gatherings,
to get away from oneself, to repress
inner urges or rebellion or resentment,
and to relieve distressing restlessness.
Note: This person develops physical and
moral deterioration, difficulties with the law,
loss of his job and family problems.
CLASSIFICATION OF ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES
Wines
Beers
Distilled spirits
WINES
- fermented juice of grapes or other
fruits.
- Alcohol content of 10% to 14% by
volume.
BEER
- derived from cereal grains-barley, rye,
corn and wheat,
- typical alcohol content is about 4% to
4.5.
DISTILLED SPIRIT
- fermented mixtures of cereal grains or
fruits that are heated in still,
- alcohol content ranging from 40% to
50%.
INTOXICATION
- is a temporary state of mental chaos
and behavioral dysfunction resulting
from the presence of ethyl alcohol in
the central nervous system.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
- Sensation and Perception decreases
both visual and hearing acuity.
- alters sensitivity to odors and taste.
- reduces sensitivity to pain by masking
fatigue
- makes time appear to pass more
rapidly
- causes underestimation of the speed of
moving objects
 - Increases sensation of thirst, possibly
due to shifting of water from within
the body's cells to the spaces between
the cells.
Why People Drink Alcohol
1. Serves as an appetizer.
2. Some believe that it gives them a lift
due to its soothing effect.
3. Many people feel sociable because it
lowers their inhibitions allowing them
to make unrestrained conversation.
4. Alcohol provides an escape from the
unpleasant realities of life.
5. In complex society, its use is widely
accepted as glamorizing symbols of
success and superiority.
6. Psychiatrists explained that alcoholism
is a release of repressed
homosexuality.
7. They are used for pleasurable
purposes.
KINDS OF INTOXICATION
1. Involuntary
- when a drunken person does not
know the intoxicating strength of
beverage he has taken.
2. Intentional
- when a person deliberately drinks
liquor fully knowing its effects,
either to obtain mitigation or to find
the liquor as stimulant to commit
crime.
3. Habitual
- when the person finds that drinking is
a constant necessary and the vice
ultimately takes hold of him.
VARIOUS DEGREE OF
INTOXICATION
1. Slight Inebriation
- there is reddening of the face. There is
no sign of mental impairment, in
coordination and difficulty of speech.
2. Moderate Inebriation
- The person is argumentative and
overconfident. There is slight
impairment of mental difficulties,
difficulty of articulation, loss of
coordination of finger movements.
The face is flushed with a digested
eyeball. He is reckless and shows
motor coordination. The person may
be certified by the doctor as being
under the influence of liquor.
3. Drunk
- the mind is confused, behavior is
irregular and the movement is
uncontrolled. The speech is thick and
coordinated. The behavior is
uncontrollable.
4. Very drunk
- the mind is confused and disoriented.
There is difficulty in speech and
marked motor in coordination and
often walking is impossible.
5. Coma
- the subject is stuporous or in comatose
condition. Sometimes it is difficult to
differentiate this condition with other
conditions having coma alcohol has its
maximum period of absorption from
30 to 60 minutes after ingestion and it
is absorbed in the stomach and in the
intestines.
 - Technically, if alcohol is only inside
the stomach and intestine and not yet
absorbed, it is practically outside of
the body because it cannot produce its
physiologic and neurological effects.
B. DRUNKENNESS AS A CRIME
Most nations in the world have laws making
drunkenness a criminal offense. In the
Philippines, drunkenness in itself is not a
crime because a person may drink to excess in
the privacy of his home or in the gaiety of a
party and commit no crime at all. It is only
when the drunken person exhibits his
condition publicly, or disturbs, endangers, or
injures others that he becomes an offender
and therefore, subject to arrest and
punishment. Drunkenness, however, is
considered a misdemeanor punishable by
existing ordinances, of certain cities, towns
and municipalities. In the city of Manila, the
use of alcohol and other alcoholic beverages
are regulated by ordinances as to TIME,
PLACE, PERSON.
Regulations on liquor as to Time
1. Section 679-d, Revised Ordinances of
the City of Manila provides that the
selling, giving away or otherwise,
disposal of any beverages or
intoxicating liquors shall be prohibited
during the hours of 2:00 to 5:00
o'clock in the morning everyday
including Sundays and Holidays by
bars, saloon, restaurants, and other
drinking places, except when the
selling, giving away, or otherwise
disposal is done on private dwelling.
2. Section 2, Republic Act No. 180
(Revised Election Code, as amended)
Par. (a) provides "that it is unlawful to
sell, furnish, offer or take intoxicating
liquors on any registration days and on
the two days immediately preceding
the day of the voting and during the
voting and canvass."
Regulations on Liquor as to Place
1. Section 1, Ordinance 4153 of the City
of Manila provides that "the serving of
beer, liquor or alcoholic beverages of
any kind to the public by. sari-sari-
stores or similar establishments are
prohibited."
2. Section 2, (S Ordinance) provides that
"the drinking beverages of any kind in
sari-sari stores or similar
establishments not licensed as
restaurant, beer, liquor, or alcoholic
panciteria, carinderia, hotel or bar, as
well as in the street, by the sidewalk,
in an alley, whether public or private,
and in any park, or plazas is hereby
prohibited.
3. Section 679, par. (g), Revised
Ordinances (City of Manila) provides
that "no license shall be granted for
the sale of intoxicating liquors in
public markets, kiosks, booths, or
stand situated in the public streets, or
plazas, or to street vendors or peddlers,
or in any case, to an establishment
located within the radius of 200 meters
from any institution of learning"
 NOTE: The ordinance applies only to
those establishment to be open in the
future but not to those already existing
before.
Regulations on Liquor as to Persons
1. Section 321, Revised Ordinances, as
amended by Ordinance No. 5052 (City
of Manila) provides that "no person
shall be drunk or intoxicated, or
behave in a drunken, boisterous, rude,
or indecent manner in any public place,
or place, or place open to public view,
or be drunk or intoxicated. Or behave
in a drunken, boisterous, rude or
indecent manner in any place or
premises to the annoyance of another
person."
2. Par 4, Article 155, Revised Penal
Code provides that "it shall be
unlawful for any person who, while
intoxicated, causes any disturbance or
scandal in public places.
3. Par. (a). Section 838, Revised
Ordinances (City of Manila) provides
that "the sale, giving away, or
otherwise disposing of any
intoxicating liquors to any minor
under eighteen (18) year of age or any
person in an intoxicated condition is
prohibited except when the minor
buys the liquor for some other person
and not for their own use."
4. Par. (c), provides that "it shall be
unlawful for any person under twenty
one (21) years of age to drink
alcoholic beverages and intoxicating
liquors in any saloon, bar, inn,
restaurant, café, or drinking places or
any public places."
ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY
- The use of alcohol has created major
social, economic and health problems
nationwide, an ironic consequence of
ineffective government controls. Many
Filipinos have developed alcohol
dependence or abuse, a pattern of
continuous drinking that may lead to
addiction and almost always causes
severe problems.
- Alcohol Abuse or Dependence is
commonly referred to as Alcoholism-
It is also called problem drinking. The
stage when a person has the difficulty
of quitting from the habit of alcohol
drinking. This means he can not live
without it. If he tries to stop drinking,
he will have shivers and shakes and
feels very bad symptoms. He may also
experience acute anxiety or fear,
delirium and hallucinations.
ALCOHOL ABUSE CONTROL
- With the aforementioned devastating
effects of alcohol, therefore, it must be
controlled. Solely treating people with
medications can not control problem
drinking and alcoholism. Treatment
should be coupled with proper
education both in the schools and in
the adult community to develop the
 nation's habits of moderation in the
use of alcoholic beverages. It requires
investigation and testing of social
policies on the control of the
distribution of alcohol as well as the
effective implementation of these
prevention policies.
Legal Control
- Intoxication: Under the law is an
Alternative Circumstance Alternative
Circumstances are those which must
be taken into consideration as
aggravating or mitigating
circumstances according to the nature
and effects of the crime and the other
conditions attending its commission.
The intoxication of the offender is
taken into consideration as a
mitigating circumstance when the
offender has committed a felony in a
state of intoxication, if the same is not
habitual or subsequent to the plan to
commit said felony. On the other hand,
when intoxication is habitual or
intentional or subsequent to commit
the felony, it shall be considered as an
aggravating circumstance. (Art 15.
RPC).
Liquor as a Volatile Substance: Under P.D.
1619, sale and offer to sell to minors of
liquors or beverages with alcoholic content of
30% or above is punishable by 6 months and
one day to years imprisonment and a fine of
P500 00 pesos to P4000.00 pesos.
Social Control
● Social control of alcoholism comes in
varied means like education and
awareness, community activities,
and individual or group therapies.
Today, one of the numerous programs
for alcoholics is the religious means of
Alcoholics Anonymous or the Double
A.
Alcoholics Anonymous: lt is a practical
approach to the problem of alcoholism which
has met with considerable success. It is an
organization that operates in a
nonprofessional counseling program in which
both person-to-person and group relationships
are emphasized. It accepts both teenagers and
adults with drinking problems, has no fees or
dues, does not keep records or case histories,
does not participate in political causes, and is
not affiliated with any religious sect, although
spiritual development is the key aspect of its
treatment approach. To ensure the anonymity
of the alcoholic, only first names are used.
Meetings are devoted partly to social
activities, but consist mainly of discussion of
the participant's problems with alcohol, often
with testimonials from those who have
recovered from alcoholism and how they
faced it.
Medical Control
- Alcoholism can be treated through
biological measures ranging from
detoxification procedures to brain
surgery. However, it is more practical
 for alcoholics to undergo medical
measures of detoxification.
Detoxification: It is the elimination of
alcoholic substances from the individual's
body treatment of the withdrawal
symptoms; and on medical regimen for
physical rehabilitation. These can be
handled in a hospital or clinic, where drugs
such as Chlordiazepoxide, have largely
revolutionized the treatment withdrawal
symptoms. Likewise, the drug Disulfiram
(Antabuse) can create uncomfortable effects
when followed by alcohol and may be
administered to prevent an immediate return
to drinking (Coleman, 1980).
Alcohol Investigation
● Illicit Liquors: Thorough search of
the premises especially cattle sheds,
unfrequented places, ravines and
jungles is necessary to locate
unauthorized stills and storages.
Collection of evidence includes the
collection of the paraphernalia,
fingerprints and tool marks.
● Evidence of Intoxication:
Intoxication may have to be
established in cases of deaths, in
offenses against persons, in motor
vehicle accidents and in cases where
diminished responsibility is claimed as
a defense. Evidence of intoxication
requires the collection of samples of
blood, urine, saliva or breath each
whenever possible, and other body
fluids for laboratory examinations.
● Examination for Intoxication:
Intoxication is identified through
various means like physical test,
alcohol analysis, and medical
examination. In medical
examinations, the investigator
should consider smell of breath,
state of clothing, general demeanor,
speech, eyes, walk, memory,
breathing, and tremors of the
extremities.
PROSTITUTION
I DEFINITION OF TERM:
1. Prostitution It is an act or practice
of a woman who engages or
habitually indulges in sexual
intercourse for money or profit.
2. Prostitute A woman who engages in
discriminate sexual intercourse or
acts with males for hire.
3. Pimp One who provides
gratification for the lust of others. A
male procurer of clients for a
prostitute.
4. Flap/operator/maintainer One who
owns or manages houses of ill-
repute where the business of
prostitution is conducted Sometimes
they are called "madame or mama
san".
5. White slavery The procurement and
transportation of women across the
stateline for immoral purposes.
6. Organized crime includes gambling,
prostitution, dope (narcotics), and
other illegal or dubious businesses.
 7. Whores/knocker is a name often
used for all types of prostitutes.
II INTRODUCTION:
Prostitution and gambling are two vices that
have plagued or caused such suffering to
mankind. There is no country in the world
that is free of these vices. Many efforts and
many methods have been devised at various
times by man in attempting to control these
two evils. However, up to the present there
has been no effective method of control. The
police of any country have a responsibility to
all of the citizen's-to make concentrated effort
to eliminate these vices. The reason for this is
quite simple. The two vices, prostitution and
gambling, have a demoralizing and
deteriorating effect upon any and all
societies. Possibly the single item that makes
it most difficult to control these vices is the
wide diversity of public opinion as to the
degree of control that is desired Many people
will verbally condemn the two vices, and yet
practice or participate in them.
● Prostitution is often called the
"oldest profession" in the world and
records of prostitution exist since the
beginning of recorded history.
Prostitution today, although controlled
and against the law in most countries,
is still legal in some other countries. In
some countries the laws are designed
to combat the so-called
commercialized type of prostitution.
Two Basic Reasons Why Prostitution Must
Be Suppressed
- Control of venereal disease (VD)
- Prevent organized crime
The Causes of Prostitution
1. Poor social background and
personality handicaps are some of the
basis for drift into prostitution.
2. previous sexual experience, mostly
unfortunate and or out of wedlock.
3. contact with persons in or on the
fringe of the business of prostitution.
4. love for money & luxury on the part of
the prostitute.
5. lack of restraining check from
neighbors, social environments and
laxity of social control much as the
agency for religious training and
reforms
6. the influence of contraceptives and
preventive treatment for venereal
diseases.
7. efforts to support another vices such as
drug addiction or alcoholism.
8. For the unwilling prostitutes, they are
victims of white slave traffic such as
kidnapping, keeping them under
Physical restraint, forcible, abduction
of women and victims of crime against
chastity
9. the indifference of law enforcement
authorities in safeguarding the virtues
of women and lack of courage of the
victim of white slave trade to pursue
the prosecution of cases they filed
against the perpetrators.
 10. Social causes of prostitution such as:
(B A P)
a. broken families
b. anonymity of city life
c. poverty and other
Types of Prostitutes on the Basis of
Operation
CALL GIRLS
- These are the part-time prostitutes
- They have their own legitimate work
or profession but work as prostitutes to
supplement their income.
- Sometimes they are tellers, sales-
ladies of department stores waitresses
beauticians, or engage in similar jobs
that they use to make contacts with
customers
- They receive telephone calls from a
selected group of customers and make
arrangements to meet them at a
designated place.
- She may work alone or in partnership
with an intermediary with whom she
shares her earnings.
HUSTLER
- Is the professional type of prostitute.
She may be a bar or tavern "pick-up"
or a "street walker.
- The bar or tavern "pick-up" frequents
places where liquor is sold, sometimes
operating with the consent and
knowledge of the management. The
streetwalker is the oldest and the most
common type of prostitute.
- She may have worked with taxi-
drivers and committed prostitution in a
taxi-cab.
- Her common customers are the
tourists, gamblers, criminals, Addicts
and others.
- Their operation is oftentimes
associated with swindling their
customers.
DOOR KNOCKER
- This is the occasional or selective
type of prostitute.
- She is usually a newcomer in the
business.
- Oftentimes, they are motivated by
extreme desire for money due to
poverty or supporting their other vices.
She makes contact through
information coming from the
professional and hustler who are
friends who give her addresses of
prospective customers.
- She frequents hotels and furnished fun
houses. She caters to the affluent male
members of the business world.
FACTORY GIRLS
- Are the real professional type of
prostitutes.
- She works in regular houses of
prostitution or brothels.
- She accepts all comers and has
nothing to do with the selecting and
soliciting the customers.
- She works in regular hours or tour of
duty under the direct supervision of
the madam or operator of the
prostitution house.
- She gets her share of the earnings by
commission or per customer.
Types of Prostitution Houses
DISORDERLY HOUSES (LEGITIMATE
BUSINESS)
- A "madam" or "maintainer" supervises
the operation supported by a staff of
teller (cashier), bell or room boys,
register clerks, watchmen, pimps and
security guards known as bouncer.
- Their operation appears to be a
legitimate business entity mostly
under the protection of crooked
policemen or law enforcement
authorities and their location is
prominently known to all their
customers.
- They have a number of small rooms
with the prostitutes staying there
where they wait for customers.
- At times, the house provided with
secret exits ready for escaping in
case of police raids.
FURNISHED ROOM HOUSE
- Usually operated by an experienced
"madam" who rents rooms to
legitimate roomers in order to
maintain an appearance of
responsibility. Purposely, the madam
leaves several rooms not rented to
legitimate roomers for ready use of the
prostitution.
- These prostitutes are mostly the call
girls who make the room their
designated places in perpetuating their
business.
- Their rent is on per customers basis
or they maintain the rent
continuously but the prostitutes do
not live there permanently but
elsewhere to maintain their anonymity
and identity.
- These houses could be found mostly
in flashy subdivisions or residential
areas.
CALL HOUSES (HOUSE LEGITIMATE
BUSINESS)
- This is where the customers call and
the madam makes the arrangement
and sends the girls by a transporter
who is a man or woman to the place
arrangement.
- The house appears to be a legitimate
business house such as service
agencies, travel offices, coffee shops,
beauty parlors and the like duly
licensed and registered as such with
the government office. However, the
telephone number is limited only to
qualified customers as recommended
by their pimps who conduct the
background investigation on the
ability of the prospective customers
to pay.
MASSAGE CLINICS (house licensed or
permit issued by the government)
- These houses are operated under a
license or permit issued by the
government but acts as a front for
prostitution where the act may be
done or as per arrangement. They
operate barbershops with manicurists
or "attendants" and "massagists'' who
while servicing their customers may
make contacts with the prostitutes or
themselves.
- These prostitutes are sometimes the
newcomers in the business who do
 not earn much as attendants or
massagists.
Prevention and Control of Prostitution:
The School of Total Repression: Also
known as the American Model, this contends
that prostitution needs to be subdued by
detention, apprehension of not only the sex
worker but also the customers. This idea
argues and treats prostitution as a crime
which must be repressed and prohibited by
means of legislation. It adheres to chastity and
morality as the norm for conduct in society. It
asserts that licensing or allowing prostitution
would invite promiscuity without fear of the
law. In the Philippines this is the applied
thought calling for the following measures:
● Strict enforcement of all laws and
ordinances against prostitution and all
other activities and vices related to it.
● Mandatory sex-education giving
emphasis on venereal and sexually
transmitted diseases and prostitution.
● Adoption of preventive medical
measures for the diagnosis and
treatment of VD and STD.
● Penalizing all those involved in
prostitution including the customer,
● Increasing the penalties applicable to
prostitution and persons who may be
liable in relation to the white slave
trade.
The School of Regulatory Control -
Propagated by the Europeans, this is also
known as the "French Model" it maintains
the idea that society cannot do away with
prostitution unless we consider the
problem causing it and removing identified
causes. During the time of Napoleon
Bonaparte, in 1808 it was observed that
arrests, detention and punishment meted
against the sex trade will only drive them to
clandestine activities. As a result, they
established red light districts where sex trade
may be legally engaged where they may be
regulated, controlled and inspected for health
purposes. The following measures and
regulatory policy have been adopted to
provide the necessary protection from society:
● Isolation of brothels to restricted
locations or districts.
● Licensing of houses of prostitution.
● Registration of prostitutes protecting
them from exploitation and white
trade slaves.
● Periodic medical check-up of
prostitutes and giving free public
health education.
● Legalizing the practice of prostitution
under government supervision and
control.
● In case of arrests of prostitutes, it
should be handled by social workers
and medical practitioners but not
police entities.
● The rehabilitation of prostitutes by
providing basic education, skills, jobs
and facilities to earn a decent living.

GAMBLING
I. DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Gambling it is a game or scheme the
result of which depends wholly or
chiefly upon chance or hazard.
2. Chance or Hazard is the uncertainty
of the result of the game or when the
outcome of the game is incapable of
calculation by human reason,
foresight, sagacity or design.
3. Lottery is a scheme for the
distribution of prizes by chance
among persons who have paid or
agreed to pay a valuable consideration
for the chance to obtain a prize.
“Maintainer” – is the person who sets up
and furnishes the means with which to carry
on the gambling game
Conductor – is the person who manages or
carries the gambling game.
Banker – is the person who keeps the
money from which the winner is to be paid.
Totalizer – is a machine for registering and
indicating the number and nature of bets
made on horse races.
Wager – is the bet or consideration placed
on gambling games.
Prize – is the inequal amount due to the
winner.
Topada – the illegal cockfighting conducted
on a day or at a cockpit not permitted by law.
Gullible Person – person who easily
deceived especially in crooked gambling.
4. PAGCOR (Philippine-Amusements
and Gaming Corporation) - Office that
controls/regulates gambling games
like the casino.
In illegal gambling as in all business, the head
of the organization is in a position to take the
largest profit. He may have under his control
and operation a number of proprietors and
gamblers using his facility, equipment and
paraphernalia Each of those persons is
engaged in a continuing series of criminal acts.
The total profit may amount to millions for
daily operations, for which the head of the
syndicates gives a percentage to his personnel,
protection money to national, local officials
including law enforcers, prosecutors and
members of the judiciary. The large profit
from gambling is used to circumvent the law,
influence politics and public perception.
Funds are made available to influence, to
bribe, to campaign and to employ the best
legal minds to retain in office friendly public
officials and to remove unfriendly ones
Illegal gambling is an evil that undermines
the social, moral and economic growth of a
nation. It is beyond the good morals which
have the effect of causing poverty, dishonesty.
fraud and deceit. It has led men to neglect
social obligations and the welfare of his trade
as a source of income.
Elements of the crime of gambling are, the
money of other value or consideration is at
stake and the result of the games depends
chiefly or mainly upon chance or hazard. In
the lottery, there must be consideration,
chance and prize or the equal amount due to
the winner.

Classification of Gambling Games:
1. Those which are absolutely prohibited
Roulette and Faro; under the RPC
Monte, jueteng and other forms of
lottery, policy, banking or percentage
games and dog races;
2. Those which are regulated by law.
These games are regulated in the sense
that the law allows the same to be
played except on certain specified
days such as:
b. Slot Machines
c. Video Karera
d. Others
Other Game Schemes
a. Cock Fighting
b. Jai Alai
c. Other forms of individual or team
contests whether upon chance or skill
where money, articles of value or
representative of value are at stake or
made to include game fixing, point
shaving and other machinations.
PERSONS INVOLVED IN AN ILLEGAL
GAMBLING

● Horse racing under Art 198, RPC;
Cock fighting under Art 199, PRC,
Domino, mahjong, entre cuatro, cuajo,
Pangainge and the like.
Bettor any person who places bets for
himself or herself or on behalf of another
person, or any person, other than the
personnel or staff of the illegal gambling
operation.

Card Games Personnel or Staff - any person who acts in

a. Tongits the interest of the maintainer, manager or
b. Poker operator, such as, but not limited to, an
c. Lucky Nine accountant, cashier, checker, guard, runner,
d. Monte Sakta table manager; watcher, or any other
e. Baccarat personnel performing such similar functions.
f. Cuajo
g. Pangguingue Collector or Agent - any person who
h. Other card games collects, solicits or produces bets on behalf
Dice/Tiles games of his/her principal for any illegal gambling
a. Mahjong game! who is usually in possession of
b. Domino gambling paraphernalia.
c. Paik que
d. High and low Coordinator/Supervisor any person who
e. Other games using plastic dies. exercises control and supervision over the
Mechanical Contraptions or Machines collector or agent.
Games
a. Pinballs
Maintainer, Manager or Operator any Collector/Agent 8 years & 1 Day to 10 Years
person who maintains, manages or
operates illegal gambling in a specific area Coordinator, 10 years & 1 Day to 12 Years
from whom the coordinator, controller or Controller or
supervisor and collector or agent tukes orders. Supervisor

Maintainer, 12 years & 1 Day to 14 Years

Financier/Capitalist - any person who Manager/Operator
finances the operations of any illegal
gambling activities. Financier/Capitalist 14 years & 1 Day to 16 Years

Protector/Coddler 16 years & 1 Day to

Protector or Coddler any person who lends 20 Years
or provides protection or receives in any
manner in the operation of illegal gambling. If the above stated 12 Years & 1 Day to 20 Years
persons criminally
liable is a
Owner of the Place where the Illegal Government
Gambling Took Place any person who Employee or
owned or controlled the place, building, Official
yeasel or ly means of transportation where
Parents or 6 Months & 1 Day to 1 Year
the illegal gambling activities workplace.
Guardian who
induces or cause a
NUMBER GAMES minor to commit
(RA 9287) -AN ACT INCREASING THE the crime
PENALTIES FOR ILLEGAL NUMBERS
GAMES, AMENDING CERTAIN Offender is a (Penalty next higher
RECIDIVIST in degree)
PROVISIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL
DECREE NO. 1602,
Note: Law Enforcers who failed to apprehend
WHO ARE LIABLE: perpetrators of any illegal game shall be
administratively liable and imposed the
penalty of suspension or dismissal from the
service.
Person's Liable Duration of Imprisonment

Bettor 30 days to 90 days Acts punishable in gambling:

Personnel or Staff 6 years & 1 Day to 8 Years ● In cases of gambling games absolutely
Owner of the Place 6 years & 1 Day to 8 Years prohibited under article 195, RPC
where the illegal ● Taking part directly or indirectly in
Gambling Took gambling
Place
 ● Knowingly permitting any form of
gambling to be carried on any place
owned or controlled by the offender.
● Being a maintainer, banker or
conductor.
In the case of horse racing under art. 198,
RPC;
● Betting on horse races during the
periods or days not allowed by law
such as: ordinary working days but not
legal holidays not allowed by the
Games and Amusement Board, July 4
now June 12, Independence Day under
RA 137; December 30 of each year
known as Rizal Day under RA 229;
Any registration or voting days under
RA 180 as amended by the Omnibus
Election Code and Holy Thursday and
Good Friday under RA 946.
● Maintaining or employing a totalizer
or other device or scheme for betting
on races or realizing profit there from.
● Under RA 3063, the operation and
maintenance of boolde joints not
authorized by law and acting as
collector, solicitor of bets on horse
races for the bookie joints are
prohibited.
In cases of lottery under Art. 196, RPC:
● Possession of lottery lists which
pertain to or used in the game.
● Importation, selling or distribution in
connivance with the importer of
lottery tickets.
● Selling or distribution without
connivance with the importer.
In cases of illegal cock fighting under Art.
199, RPC:
● Betting money or other valuable
consideration and organizing such
cock fights at which bets are made on
a day other than those permitted by
law.
● Betting money or other valuables and
organizing such cock fights in a place
other than a licensed cockpit.
Making bets which are offered and accepted
upon the result of boxing or other sports
contests is punishable under Art. 187 Revised
Administrative Code.
Mere presence in a gambling house where
illegal stake occurs or cockpit house is
punishable. A mere spectator or hystander or
spectator in a gambling game is not criminally
liable because he does not take part directly or
indirectly.
Laws pertaining to gambling:
● Art 195-199, RPC Forms of Gambling
and Betting
● PD 1602-Anti Gambling Law which
prescribes stiffer penalties for illegal
gambling
● PD 510-Law on Slot machines
● PD 440-Illegal Cock Fighting PD 483-
Dame fixing in Sport Contests
● PD 1306-Jai-Alai bookies
● PD 1869-Prohibition of government
officials to enter and gamble in
casinos.
 ● Sec 823-Gambling Dens
Maintainer/Operator)
● Sec 825-Gambling Devices,
Possession of Pin balls
● Sec 827-Gambling (Players)
● Sec 828-Mahjong, Regulated Games
● Sec 830-Betting in Athletic Contests
● Sec 831-Illegal cock fighting (eupartis]
RA 3036-Horse racing Bookie
● LOI No 816-Exclusion of certain
prohibited games under PD 1602.
On January 4, 1977 PD 1067 was decreed by
President Ferdinand E. Marcos created the
PAGCOR, the Philippine Amusement and
gambling Corporation, aimed to tap the
potential sources of funds to finance the
government infrastructure and socio-civic
development projects, facilitate the growth of
the tourist industry and prevent the
proliferation of illegal casinos and clubs
conducting games of chance. Shortly
thereafter, PAGCOR was given a 25 year
franchise to establish, operate and maintain
among others gambling casinos in the country.
PD 1869 was brought about to consolidate all
previous decrees to enhance enforcement and
re-organize PAGCOR to become dynamic
and effective. Today the Philippine Congress
enacted the laws to grant franchise to the
PAGCOR.
DANGERS OF THE VICE OF
GAMBLING.
1. An evil that undermines the social, moral
and economic growth of the nation.
2. It is beyond the pale of good morals
which has the effect of causing poverty,
dishonesty, fraud and deceit,
3. It causes man to neglect his social
obligations and the welfare of his business as
a source of income.
4. Women and mothers who wasted her
time at the gambling board may neglect her
duties to the children and cause serious
problems and proliferation of juvenile
delinquency.
CONTROL OF GAMBLING AND
PROSTITUTION (OBTAINING
EVIDENCE AGAINST A GAMBLING
HOUSE AND A HOUSE OF
PROSTITUTION
Laws relating to public morals which mainly
concern a Police Department, are those
designed to combat prostitution and gambling.
For this reason, a "Vice Division" should be
created within a police department, if it is to
suppress gambling and prostitution effectively
and enjoy the advantages of suitable control.
Such division fixes responsibility and assures
a continuing and constant control.
Although the police constantly harass the vice
operators by arresting employees and agents
and confiscating equipment, they are not able,
generally, to attack the root of the problem.
They harass but do not destroy the organized
operator. The police must do more than this if
they are to stamp out commercialized vice.
They must smash the head of the organization
if its operation is to be stopped.
The specialization provided by a vice division
enables the members of that division to study
the legal procedures relating to the control of
gambling and prostitution and to learn
identify locations and methods of operation of
persons engaged in these activities. These
centralize information and police action, thus
lessening the possibility of information
"leaks" and "tip-offs",
In police organizations, as in business or
industry, there are few who prove false to the
trust placed in them. In some instances, police
officers have been found to be on the payroll
of the vice operator. Thus, police methods and
anticipated police action have been furnished
the underworld in advance.
The control of gambling and prostitution
requires the application of sound judgment.
Decisions must be made that often have far-
reaching consequences. The Vice Division
Head should report directly to the Chief of
Police or to an assistant Chief in a very large
department. This close control of the vice
divisions by the head of the department is
justified because of the confidential nature of
its work and its significant effect on the health
and stability of city government and on the
criminal element of the community. Because
gambling and prostitution operations involve
large profils, a strong effort to corrupt
officials can be expected to hinder its control.
Even though only one officer is engaged in
control of gambling and prostitution, he
should report directly to the chief of police.
Information obtained through the vice
division investigations, has sometimes
revealed that mayors and high ranking police
officials are corrupt. In the many countries
where this has occurred, those involved have
been removed from office and proper criminal
proceedings initiated. Many have been sent to
prison.
SUGGESTED CONTROL AND
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
1. The government thru its law
enforcement agencies must conduct a
consistent and continued raids, arrest
and closure of suspected gambling
dens.
2. The courts and the law makers must
enact and apply the law with more
teeth as a deterrent factor.
3. The economic structure of our country
must cater to the large majority of our
population to provide mass
employment and prosperity for the
people in terms of income.
4. The building of more recreational and
athletic facilities to divert attention of
the people from gambling activities.
5. Active participation of NGOs (non-
government organization) in the
campaign against vices especially
gambling.
 TOBACCO (Smoking Vice)
Background
The tobacco plant, scientifically known as
Nicotiana Tabacum, is a plant grown for its
leaves, which are smoked, chewed, or sniffed
for a variety of effects. Tobacco is considered
addictive because it contains the addictive
chemical Nicotine. Sniffing and chewing
tobacco originated in North America and
Europe. It was Christopher Columbus who
introduced tobacco into Europe, It became
then popular with the Portuguese, Spanish,
French, British, and Scandinavians
Tobacco Smoking
The use of tobacco is one of the foremost
public health problems in the world today.
Tobacco has for centuries been used all over
the world as a way of increasing the
enjoyment of life or as an aid in coping with
some of its problems.
❖ The World Health Organization
estimates that around the world one
person dies every 13 seconds from
tobacco-related diseases.
❖ Doctor's cite 50,000 scientific studies
from various independent bodies that
have proved beyond doubt that
smoking is responsible for around
90% of all cases of lung cancer, 95%
of all cases of chronic bronchitis and
emphysema, and 25% of heart
conditions in men under 65 years of
age.
❖ The World Health Organization
Advisory Panel on Smoking and
Health estimates that at least two
million of 30 million Filipinos under
20 years of age today will eventually
be killed by smoking, Smoking
threatens not only the adults, but also
children born and unborn. The
Philippine Obstetrical and
Gynecological Society notes that
premature infants of mothers who
smoke are three times more common
than in mothers. Spontaneous abortion
is likewise more common in smoking
mothers
❖ Too often, the smoking habit begins in
the early teens or even earlier.
Becoming a smoker may have the
immediate value to some teenagers of
being accepted by their peers, feeling
more mature because smoking is an
adult behavior to the child providing a
level of psychological stimulation and
pleasure and might even serve the
function of an act of defiance to
authority figures.
Tobacco Chemicals
The three most common com ponents of
tobacco cigarettes and cigarette smoke are:
a. Nicotine - It is the most important
active ingredient in controlled doses.
It is an extremely toxic substance. A
typical cigarette contains 1-2 mg of
nicotine. When smoked, less than 1
mg from each cigarette is filtered or
not depending on the characteristics of
the filter, the depth and frequency of
inhalation and the length of the butt.
 b. Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous gas
similar to the gas that emanates from a
car's exhaust pipe. It impairs the
capacity of the blood to supply
adequate amounts of oxygen to the
vital organs of the body. It is
responsible for the shortness of breath
among smokers.
c. Tar the brownish viscous substance
known to be the cancer- causing
component of tobacco smoking. It
also stains the fingers, teeth, and
tongue of the smoker. Along with
other noxious substances in cigarette
smoking, it can lead to lung cancer,
emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
The other chemicals found in tobacco are
Acetone, Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide,
Hydrogen Cyanide, Methane, and
Benzopyrene.
EFFECTS OF TOBACCO SMOKING
The effects of tobacco smoking consist
primarily of ill health and of human suffering.
These necessarily, too, the productivity of the
workforce, the need for medical care and
other variables. Thus smoking impairs
society's total well-being and possesses
substantial economic loss to the nation.
Effects on the Cardiovascular System:
Increases in heart attack risk with amount
smoke; Increases heart rates 15-25 beats with
one to two cigarette, Constricts small arteries
causing higher blood pressure; Increases
chance of developing peripheral, vascular
diseases; Causes carbon monoxide from
smoke to rob oxygen carrying potential of
blood; Causes increase of free fatty acids in
blood which may be related to heart attack.
Effects on the Respiratory System:
Increases risks of developing lung cancer
tenfold for the average of one pack a day
smoker; Increases lung cancer risk with
amount, with length of time smoked and early
age starting, Major factor identified in the
development of lung cancer; Only one in
twenty lung cancer victims is saved from
death per year. Lung cancer deaths slightly
exceed traffic deaths per year; A major cause
of chronic bronchitis; Increases risk of dying
of chronic bronchitis and emphysema about
six fold; Tends to paralyze bronchial cilia and
stimulate production of mucus, Eventually
destroys ciliary structure cleansing system
predisposing to respiratory infections;
Increases in abnormal cell growth in branchial
tube walls with increase in basal cell layers
and thickening: Causes closing of the bronchi,
reducing effective breathing space.
Effects on the Reproductive System:
Women who smoke during pregnancy
increase the risk of stillbirth and pre-natal
mortality, and the child physical and
intellectual is delayed: Women who smoke
causes menopause in early age than in normal;
Male smokers, penile arteries become
constricted bringing about slower erection
time, impotence in 1 in 4 heavy smokers
versus 1 in 12 non smokers. Smoking fathers
may beget children who may suffer from
brain tumor, leukemia and other abnormalities
due to decreased number of spermatozoa.
Women who smoke during pregnancy
increase the risk of stillbirth and pre-natal
mortality, and the child physical and
intellectual is delayed; Women who smoke
causes menopause in early age than in normal,
Male smokers, penile arteries become
constricted bringing about slower erection
time, impotence in 1 in 4 heavy smokers
versus 1 in 12 non smokers. Smoking fathers
may beget children who may suffer from
brain tumor, leukemia and other abnormalities
due to decreased number of spermatozoa.
Effects to Mortality and Morbidity: Due to
the increase cancer of the larynx, the mouth,
bladder and the esophagus, Increase in ulcer
deaths, death from cirrhosis, Increase in
kidney problems, Greater incident of infant
pre-maturity and mortality; Life expectancy is
expected to reduce by about 14 minutes per
cigarette smoked.
Signs/Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal
Withdrawal symptoms begin as soon as 4
hours once one decides to quit smoking or
after the last cigarette, generally peak in
intensity at three to five days, and disappear
within two weeks. Symptoms start with
headache, anxiety, irritability, tremors, poor
concentration, and hunger pains. Other signs
and symptoms include insomnia and
depression, sweating, constipation and
diarrhea.
Benefits of Quitting Tobacco Smoking
Chronologically, the following are benefits
that one can derive from quitting or not
smoking tobacco cigarettes.
1. Within 20 minutes, the blood
pressures and pulse rate drop to
normal, the body temperature of the
hands and feet returns to normal.
2. Within 8 hours, the carbon monoxide
level in the blood drops to normal and
the oxygen level in the blood increases
to normal.
3. Within 24 hours, the risk of sudden
heart attack decreases.
4. Within 48 hours, the nerve endings
begin to regenerate and a person's
ability to smell and taste begin to
return to normal.
5. Within 2 weeks to 3 weeks, blood
circulation improves and lung function
increases to 30 percent.
6. Within 1 to 9 months, overall energy
increases signs and symptoms of
coughing, nasal congestion, fatigue
and shortness of breath are markedly
reduced, Natural cleansing mechanism
of the respiratory tract returns to
normal so that the body is able to
handle mucus, clean the respiratory
tract, and prevent respiratory
infections.
7. Within 1 year, the risk of coronary
heart disease is reduced by 50 percent.
8. Within 5 years, the risk of dying from
lung cancer is reduced by 50 percent.
9. Within 10 years, the risk of dying
from lung cancer, stroke and heart
attack is named as that of a non
smoker.
Other advantages in quitting smoking include
having fresh-smelling hair and clothes, saving
money, and most of all setting a good
example to your children and friends.
Measures to Reduce Smoking

Government support of anti-smoking
campaign demonstrates commitment to the
eradication of health problems related to
smoking and public influences and attitudes to
smoking
Successful programs to reduce the prevalence
of tobacco use by young people need a
combination of legislative measures and
health education including;
1. prohibition of sales in minor.
2. prohibition of smoking in schools and
other places frequented by the young,
3. restriction on advertising and
promotion of tobacco products
especially those aimed at young
people;
4. health education at both primary and
secondary levels of schools.
5. use of fiscal policies to increase the
price of tobacco products.
6. health warnings on cigarette packets
7. Collaboration with the media to
deglamorize the image of the smoker.
Tips to Stop Tobacco Smoking
Even though tobacco is very addictive,
millions of smokers have broken free from the
chain of smoking. Here are some tips to stop
smoking;
1. Get ready to break and decide what
you want to be free from smoking.
2. Prepare Physically-be like an athlete
in training.
3. Prepare Mentally mentally rehearse
how you will act when you stopped
smoking
4. Prepare Socially politely to avoid
smoking and drinking with friends,
family members or office parties.
5. Prepare Spiritually to think about the
goodness of setting examples to others.
6. Keep a Record - during the next 24 to
48 hours, keep all cigarettes away
from you and you can do it in the next
48 hours and so on.
7. Set the Break Free Date- have a
celebration by throwing away
cigarettes, ashtrays, lighters and
anything else you have associated with
smoking.
8. Prepare for a slip or Relapse-review
all the benefits of a smoke free ble
style, better health, money saved,
more social activities;
9. Plan for the Big Victory affirm your
self respect and awareness by
calculating money you saved and
spend it on something meaningful to
you.
10. Ensure Long Term Success-Help
others to stop smoking because it will
reinforce your desire.
DRUG
Drug – is a chemical substance used as
medicine or in the making of medicines,
which affects the body and mind and have
potential for abuse.
- A chemical substance that affects the
functions of living cells and alters body or
mind processes when taken into the body or
applied through the skin.
- Is a chemical substance that brings about
physical, emotional or behavioral change in
a person taking it.
- Any chemical substance, other than food,
which is intended for used in the diagnosis,
treatment, cure, mitigation or prevention
of disease or symptoms .
Chemical – is any substance taken into the
body that alters the way and the mind and
the body work.
Drug Addiction – refers to the state of
periodic or chronic intoxication produced by
the repeated consumption of a drug.
Drug Abuse
- Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other
than for medical reasons.
- Any non-medical use of drugs that cause
physical, psychological, legal, economic, or
social damage to the user or to the people
affected by the user’s behavior.
- Using drugs without prescription.
- Abuse of drugs and other substances can
lead to physical and psychological
dependence.
Drug Dependence – refers to the state of
psychic or physical dependence or both on
dangerous drugs following the
administration or use of that drug. WHO
defines it as the periodic, continuous,
repeated administration of a drug.
Physical Dependence – an adaptive state
caused by repeated drug use that reveals it
self by development of intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped
(withdrawal syndrome).
Psychological Dependence – an attachment
to drug use that arises from a drug ability
to satisfy some emotional or personality
needs of an individual.
Drug Experimenter – one who illegally,
wrongfully, or improperly uses any
narcotic substances for reasons of curiosity,
peer pressure, or other similar reasons.
Drug Syndicate – It is a network of illegal
drug operations operated and manned
carefully by groups of criminals who
knowingly traffic through nefarious trade for
personal or group profit.
Administer – the act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any
person with or without his knowledge.
CULTIVATE OR CULTURE
-Any act of knowingly planting, growing,
raising, or permitting of any plant which is
source of a dangerous drug
PEER PRESSURE
1. PERSONAL -
2. FAMILY PRESSURE -
3. MEDIA PRESSURE - social media,
television, media, sex appeal
4. PEER PRESSURE - strongest
pressure, a feeling that one must do
the same things as other people of
one's age and social group in order
to be liked or respected by them
 5.
CLANDESTINE LABORATORY
-Any facility used for the illegal
manufacture of any dangerous drug.
UNITED LABORATORY
-Refers to the facility of a private or
government agency that is capable of
testing a specimen to determine the
presence of dangerous drugs
KKK
MANUFACTURE - .a feeling that one must
do the same things as other people of one's
age and social group in order to be liked or
respected by them.
Overdose – when too much of a drug in taken,
there may be an over extension of its effects.
DRUGS COMMONLY ABUSED
1) STIMULANT
- Drug that excite the central nervous
system, increasing alertness, decreasing
fatigue,
delaying sleep, also impale appetite and
cause weight loss.
Shabu – street names, poor man’s cocaine,
S, ice, Shabs, Ubas, bato, Siopao
Methamphetamine hydrochloride/SHABU
- a type of amphetamine also known as
“poor man’s cocaine”. Other names are Shabu,
Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice.
- Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or
crystalline powder with a bitter numbing
taste.
Cocaine - is a drug from the leaves of the
Coca plant, a shrub that originated in South
America. This drug affects the central
nervous system as a stimulant.
an agent that produces a temporary
increase of the functional activity or
Cocaine
efficiency of an Organism or any of its
parts.
-The name comes from "coca" and the
alkaloid suffix , fo -ine cocaine rming . It is
a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a
topical anesthetic.
2) Opiates/Narcotic
- Group of drugs that are used medically to
relieve pain, but have a high potential for
abuse.
-In medicine, the term opiate describes any of
the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as
natural products in the opium poppy plant,
Papaver somniferum.
Narcotic – substance that lessens pain
and/or induces stupor.
Opium – is the dried latex obtained from the
opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an
alkaloid, which is frequently processed
chemically to produce heroin. The latex also
includes codeine.
Opium poppy Papaver somniferum , , is the
species of plant from which
opium and poppy seeds are derived. Opium is
the source of many narcotics,
including morphine (and its derivative heroin),
thebaine, codeine, papaverine
and noscapine. The Latin botanical name
means the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring
to the sedative properties of some of these
opiates.
b) Morphine– is a potent opiate analgesic
drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It
Morphine was first isolated in 1804 by
Friedrich Serturner, first distributed by him in
1817, and first
commercially sold by Merck in 1827.
- It took its name from the Greek god of
dreams Morpheus.
-The most abundant alkaloid found in Opium,
the dried sap (latex) derived from shallowly
slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or
common and/or edible, poppy.
- Morphine can usually be found in tablet
form, a syrup, injection or as a suppository
form.
- Morphine is usually taken orally via a syrup,
tablet or capsule, however, it can come in
an injectable form.
Heroin – is processed from morphine, a
naturally occurring substance extracted from
the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy
plants.
It is typically sold as a white or brownish
powder or as the black sticky substance
known on the streets as "black tar heroin”
3) Hallucinogens
- Drugs that are derived from plants
chemical substances which affects the
perception,
sensation, behavior and produces
hallucination on the user.
Marijuana - is the term used to describe all
the plant material like leaves, tops, stems,
flowers and roots from a cannabis plant
(Cannabis sativa), dried and prepared for
smoking or taken orally as “brownies”.
-The mind altering component is the for short,
which is tetrahydrocannabinol; THC
concentrated in the resin.
4) Depressants/Sedatives
- Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-
producing effect upon the central nervous
system. EX. ALCOHOL.
- e.g. Valium
5) Inhalants - drugs whose volatile vapors
are taken in via the nose and trachea.
- includes solvents, bases and aerosol,
rugby, gasoline, hair spray, lighter fluid
and air
freshener
Pusher – any person who sell, administer,
deliver or give away to another, distribute,
transport any dangerous drug.
Use - the act of injecting, consuming, any
dangerous drugs. The means of introducing
the dangerous drug into the physiological
system of the
body.
REPUBLIC ACT 9165 June 7, 2002
Youth- It is the policy of the State to
safeguard the integrity of its territory and
the well-being of its citizenry
(a) Administer. – Any act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any person,
with or without his/her knowledge, by
injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means,
or of committing any act of indispensable
assistance to a person in administering a
dangerous drug to himself/herself unless
administered by a duly licensed practitioner for
purposes of medication.
(b) Board. - Refers to the Dangerous Drugs
Board under Section 77, Article IX of this Act.
(c) Centers. - Any of the treatment and
rehabilitation centers for drug dependents
referred to in Section 34, Article VIII of this Act.
(d) Chemical Diversion. – The sale,
distribution, supply or transport of
legitimately imported, in-transit,
manufactured or procured controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, in
diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any
person or entity engaged in the manufacture of
any dangerous drug, and shall include
packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or
concealment of such transaction through fraud,
destruction of documents, fraudulent use of
permits, misdeclaration, use of front companies
or mail fraud.
(e) Clandestine Laboratory. – Any facility
used for the illegal manufacture of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical.
(f) Confirmatory Test. – An analytical test
using a device, tool or equipment with a
different chemical or physical principle that
is more specific which will validate and
(g) Controlled Delivery. – The investigative
technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect
consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical,
equipment or paraphernalia, or property
believed to be derived directly or indirectly from
any offense, to pass into, through or out of the
country under the supervision of an authorized
officer, with a view to gathering evidence to
identify any person involved in any dangerous
drugs related offense, or to facilitate
prosecution of that offense.
(h) Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals. – Include those listed in Tables I
and II of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances as enumerated in the attached
annex, which is an integral part of this Act.
(i) Cultivate or Culture. – Any act of knowingly
planting, growing, raising, or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant
which is the source of a dangerous drug.
(j) Dangerous Drugs. – Include those listed in
the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by
the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on
Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the
attached annex which is an integral part of this
Act.
(k) Deliver. – Any act of knowingly passing a
dangerous drug to another, personally or
otherwise, and by any means, with or
without consideration.
(l) Den, Dive or Resort. – A place where any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical is administered,
delivered, stored for illegal purposes,
distributed, sold or used in any form.
(m) Dispense. – Any act of giving away,
selling or distributing medicine or any
dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.
(n) Drug Dependence. – As based on the
World Health Organization definition, it is a
cluster of physiological, behavioral and
cognitive phenomena of variable intensity,
in which the use of psychoactive drug takes
on a high priority thereby involving, among
others, a strong desire or a sense of
compulsion to take the substance and the
difficulties in controlling substance-taking
behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or
levels of use.
(o) Drug Syndicate. – Any organized group
of two (2) or more persons forming or
joining together with the intention of
committing any offense prescribed under
this Act.
(p) Employee of Den, Dive or Resort. – The
caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and
other persons working in the den, dive or
resort, employed by the maintainer, owner
and/or operator where any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical is administered, delivered,
distributed, sold or used, with or without
compensation, in connection with the operation
thereof.
(q) Financier. – Any person who pays for,
raises or supplies money for, or underwrites
any of the illegal activities prescribed under this
Act.
(r) Illegal Trafficking. – The illegal cultivation,
culture, delivery, administration,
dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading,
transportation, distribution, importation,
exportation and possession of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical.
(s) Instrument. – Any thing that is used in or
intended to be used in any manner in the
commission of illegal drug trafficking or
related offenses.
(t) Laboratory Equipment. – The
paraphernalia, apparatus, materials or
appliances when used, intended for use or
designed for use in the manufacture of any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical, such as reaction vessel,
preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors,
separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas
generator, or their substitute.
(u) Manufacture. – The production,
preparation, compounding or processing of
any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical, either directly
or indirectly or by extraction from substances of
natural origin, or independently by means of
chemical synthesis or by a combination of
extraction and chemical synthesis, and shall
include any packaging or repackaging of such
substances, design or configuration of its form,
or labeling or relabeling of its container; except
that such terms do not include the preparation,
compounding, packaging or labeling of a drug
or other substances by a duly authorized
practitioner as an incident to his/her
administration or dispensation of such drug or
substance in the course of his/her professional
practice including research, teaching and
chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or such
substances that are not intended for sale or for
any other purpose.
(v) Cannabis or commonly known as
"Marijuana" or "Indian Hemp" or by its any
other name. – Embraces every kind, class,
genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa
L. including, but not limited to, Cannabis
americana, hashish, bhang, guaza,
churrus and ganjab, and embraces every kind,
class and character of marijuana, whether dried
or fresh and flowering, flowering or fruiting tops,
or any part or portion of the plant and seeds
thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether
as a reefer, resin, extract, tincture or in any
form whatsoever.
(w) Methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine
(MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy",
or by its any other name. – Refers to the
drug having such chemical composition,
including any of its isomers or derivatives in any
form.
(x) Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or
commonly known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth",
or by its any other name. – Refers to the drug
having such chemical composition, including
any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.
(y) Opium. – Refers to the coagulated juice
of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
and embraces every kind, class and character
of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes
or refuse of the same; narcotic preparations
thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid
of opium; preparations in which opium,
morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an
ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy straw;
and leaves or wrappings of opium leaves,
whether prepared for use or not.
(z) Opium Poppy. – Refers to any part of the
plant of the species Papaver somniferum L.,
Papaver setigerum DC, Papaver orientale,
Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas,
which includes the seeds, straws, branches,
leaves or any part thereof, or substances
derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative
and culinary purposes.
(aa) PDEA. – Refers to the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency under Section 82, Article
IX of this Act.
(bb) Person. – Any entity, natural or juridical,
including among others, a corporation,
partnership, trust or estate, joint stock company,
association, syndicate, joint venture or other
unincorporated organization or group capable
of acquiring rights or entering into obligations.
(cc) Planting of Evidence. – The willful act by
any person of maliciously and surreptitiously
inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or
indirectly, through any overt or covert act,
whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in
the person, house, effects or in the immediate
vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose
of implicating, incriminating or imputing the
commission of any violation of this Act.
(dd) Practitioner. – Any person who is a
licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical
technologist, nurse, midwife, veterinarian or
pharmacist in the Philippines.
(ee) Protector/Coddler. – Any person who
knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful
acts provided for in this Act and uses his/her
influence, power or position in shielding,
harboring, screening or facilitating the escape
of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable
grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated
the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the
arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.
(ff) Pusher. – Any person who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away
to another, on any terms whatsoever, or
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports
dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any
of such transactions, in violation of this Act.
(gg) School. – Any educational institution,
private or public, undertaking educational
operation for pupils/students pursuing certain
studies at defined levels, receiving instructions
from teachers, usually located in a building or a
group of buildings in a particular physical or
cyber site.
(hh) Screening Test. – A rapid test performed
to establish potential/presumptive positive result.
(ii) Sell. – Any act of giving away any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical whether for money or any
other consideration.
(jj) Trading. – Transactions involving the illegal
trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals using
electronic devices such as, but not limited to,
text messages, email, mobile or landlines, two-
way radios, internet, instant messengers and
chat rooms or acting as a broker in any of such
transactions whether for money or any other
consideration in violation of this Act.
(kk) Use. – Any act of injecting, intravenously
or intramuscularly, of consuming, either by
chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing,
drinking or otherwise introducing into the
physiological system of the body, and of the
dangerous drugs.