2 Old Section Problem.

nb

given = 
"dp "  Quantity[140, "Millimeters"],
In[1]:=

"dr "  Quantity[100, "Millimeters"],

"vfast"  Quantity5, ,
"Meter"
"Minutes"

"vpress "  Quantity0.5, ,

"Meter"

"pfast"  Quantity[40, "Bars"],

"Minutes"

"ppress "  Quantity[350, "Bars"],

"ηv "  0.95,
"ηo "  0.85,
"N"  1720
;
π
In[2]:= A[d_] := d2
4

the flow rate to the cylinder for rapid approach and final
pressing.
we are given the pressure and the area of the cylinder from which we can calculate the force gener-
 Old Section Problem.nb 3

we are given the pressure and the area of the cylinder from which we can calculate the force gener-
ated or overcomed by the cylinder and we also have the velocity from which we could calculate the
flow rate to cylinder which is equal to the actual flow rate supplied by the pump.

rapid approach
V =  Q = VA
Q
A
so the flow rate entering the cylinder during the rapid approach is equal to:
In[3]:= given["vfast"] * A[given["dp "]]

49 π
Out[3]= m3/min
2000

49 π
, 
"Meters"3 "Meters"3
In[4]:= UnitConvertQuantity ,
2000 "Minutes" "Seconds"
49 π
Out[4]= m3/s
120 000

In[5]:= N@ %4

Out[5]= 0.00128282 m3/s

the flow rate out of the cylinder in rapid approach is :

In[6]:= UnitConvert[N[given["vfast"] * (A[given["dp "]] - A[given["dr "]])]]

Out[6]= 0.000628319 m3/s

pressing approach
In[7]:= UnitConvert[N[given["vpress"] * (A[given["dp"]])]]

Out[7]= 0.000128282 m3/s

In[8]:= UnitConvert[N[given["vpress"] * (A[given["dp"]] - A[given["dr"]])]]

Out[8]= 0.0000628319 m3/s

Pressing force and power

taking the force direction drawn in the figure above to be negative and apply force balance on the
cylinder we get the following equation :
p1 * A1 - p2 * a1 - Fload = 0
where :
A1 : is the area of the piston
a1 : is the (area piston - area rod)
p2 : is the ptank + Δprod end to tank
if he talks about elevation or height of cylinder then applying Bernoulli equation from tank to
4 Old Section Problem.nb

if he talks about elevation or height of cylinder then applying Bernoulli equation from tank to
piston rod end as follows:

+ + z1 = + z2 + - hloss
pt v2 p2 v2
ρg 2g ρg 2g
Where :
Δprod end to tank
hloss = ρg

z1 = 0
pt = 0
so the equation finally will be after cancelling the dynamic pressure terms :

+ z2 - hloss = 0
p2
ρg
but since in this problem we don’t have any pressure loss or elevation difference given the Fload is
given by:

given["ppress"] * A[given["dp "]] // N @UnitConvert[#, "Newtons"] &

In[17]:=

Out[17]=

538 783. N

the pressing power = F*V = Q*p

%17 * given["vpress "] // N @UnitConvert[#, "Watts"] &

In[19]:=

Out[19]=

4489.86 W

%7 * given["ppress"] // N@ UnitConvert[#, "Watts"] &

In[21]:=

Out[21]=

4489.86 W

The displacement volume of each pump

Qth = vd *
N
60
Qact = Qp = ηv * Qth

in case of fast approach

Qhpp + Qlpp = Qcylinder

in case of press approach

Qhpp (actuatl Q) = Qcylinder

so we have to begin with Qhpp which we already have in %7 so the Qlpp (the act Q) is:

%5 - %7
In[22]:=

0.00115454 m3/s
Out[22]=
 Old Section Problem.nb 5

so Vd,lpp is :
In[23]:=

Solve%22  vd * * given["ηv "], vd

given["N"]
Quantity[60, "Seconds"]

vd  0.0000423942 m3 
Out[23]=

so Vd,hpp is :
In[24]:=

Solve%7  vd * * given["ηv"], vd

given["N"]
Quantity[60, "Seconds"]

vd  4.71047 × 10-6 m3 

Out[24]=

the input power during rapid approach and pressing

approach
the pump pressure is equal to:
pp = Δpsuc + Δppumppiston + p1

put since, he neglected all losses in the givens in the problem pp = p1, so during fast approach the
power output by the pumps is:

fast approach

given["pfast"] * %22 + given["pfast"] * %7

In[26]:=

Out[26]=

0.0513127 m3 bar/s

In[27]:=

, "SI"
"Bars" "Meters"3
UnitConvertQuantity0.0513127,
"Seconds"
Out[27]=

3.07876 m3bar/min

In[29]:=

, "Watts"
"Bars" "Meters"3
UnitConvertQuantity3.07876,
"Minutes"
Out[29]=

5131.27 W

given["pfast"] * %5 // N@ UnitConvert[#, "Watts"] &

In[30]:=

Out[30]=

5131.27 W
6 Old Section Problem.nb

%30
In[32]:=

0.85
Out[32]=

6036.79 W

hpp

given["pfast"] * 0.0001282817000215832` m3/s // N@ UnitConvert[#, "Watts"] &

In[44]:=

Out[44]=

513.127 W

%44
In[46]:=

0.85
Out[46]=

603.679 W

40 * 105 * 0.00012
In[47]:=

0.85
Out[47]=

564.706

lpp

given["pfast"] * 0.001154535300194249` m3/s // N@ UnitConvert[#, "Watts"] &

In[43]:=

Out[43]=

4618.14 W

%43
In[48]:=

0.85
Out[48]=

5433.11 W

40 * 105 * 0.00108
In[49]:=

0.85
Out[49]=

5082.35

pressing approach
all of this wrong
 Old Section Problem.nb 7

given["ppress "] * 0.0001282817000215832` m3/s // N@ UnitConvert[#, "Watts"] &

In[53]:=

0.85
Out[53]=

5282.19 W

350 * 105 * 0.00012

In[54]:=

0.85
Out[54]=

4941.18

retraction speed if the pressure required for retraction is

25 bar maximum
{%5, %7}
In[55]:=

 0.00128282 m3/s , 0.000128282 m3/s 

Out[55]=

%5
In[56]:=

A[given["dp "]] - A[given["dr "]]

Out[56]=

0.170139 m/s

In[57]:=
0.0012
0.142 - 0.12
π
4
Out[57]=

0.159155

intensifier
In[58]:=
100 000
A[0.1]

1.27324 × 107
Out[58]=

%*5
In[59]:=

0.95

6.70126 × 107
Out[59]=