Basic Electronics (EC21201)

Lecture-11 (31 Aug. 2023)

Dr. Chetna Singhal (E&ECE)

Common-emitter circuit
Common-base circuit
Common-emitter circuit
Common-emitter circuit

Early voltage and the finite output resistance, ro

Common-emitter circuit
DC ANALYSIS OF TRANSISTOR
CIRCUITS
Common-Emitter Circuit

dc equivalent circuit.
Common-Emitter Circuit

dc equivalent circuit.
Common-Emitter Circuit
Load-line and Modes of operation

Base–emitter junction piecewise linear i–v characteristics

Load-line and Modes of operation

commonemitter transistor characteristics and the collector–emitter load line

showing the Q-point for the circuit
Load-line and Modes of operation
 Modes

Ebers–Moll model.
Voltage transfer characteristics
Voltage transfer characteristics
Voltage transfer characteristics
 Saturation mode
● As VB B increases (VB B > VB E (on)), IB increases and the Q-
point moves up the load-line.
● As IB continues to increase, a point is reached where IC
can no longer increase.
● At this point, the transistor is biased in the saturation
mode; that is, the transistor is said to be in saturation.
● The B–C junction becomes forward biased, and the
relationship between IB and IC is no longer linear.
● VC E (sat) is less than B–E cut-in voltage. The forward-
biased B–C voltage is always less than the forward-
biased B–E voltage, so C–E voltage in saturation is a
small positive value. VC E (sat) is in range of 0.1 to 0.3 V.
Switch, inverter
Inverter
BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR BIASING
Voltage Divider Biasing and Bias Stability
Voltage Divider Biasing and Bias Stability
Voltage Divider Biasing and Bias Stability
 Chapter 5 topics discussed
● 5.1: 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.4, 5.1.5
● 5.2: 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4
● 5.3: 5.3.1 (before beginning of Ex 5.12)
● 5.4: 5.4.1, 5.4.2 (before beginning of Ex 5.17)