NUCLEI

Composition of nucleus Radioactive Decay law

• The Nucleus of an atom consists of a tightly
packed arrangement of protons and
neutrons. These are the two heavy particles
in an atom and hence 99.9% of the mass is
concentrated in the nucleus
• Z- atomic number- no of protons
• A – mass number- sum of number of proton
and neutron
Types of nuclei Mass Defect
• Isotopes-The atoms of an element having The difference between the sum of masses of all
same atomic number but different mass nucleons (M) mass of the nucleus (m) is called
numbers. are called isotopes. mass
• Isobars- The atoms of different elements defect.
having same mass numbers but different Mass Defect (Δm) =
atomic numbers, are called isobars. M – m = [Zmp + (A – Z)mn – m]
• Isomers- Atoms having the same mass
number and the same atomic number but Nuclear Binding Energy
different radioactive properties are called
isomers,
Nuclear Force
• It is a very short range attractive force.
• It is non-central. non-conservative force.
• It is neither gravitational nor electrostatic
force. Nuclear Fission
• It is independent of charge. The process of the splitting of a heavy nucleus
• It is 100 times that of electrostatic force and into two or more lighter nuclei is called nuclear
1038 times that of gravitational force. fission.
When a slow moving neutron strikes with a
Radiations uranium nucleus , it splits into
α-rays Ba and Kr along with three neutrons and a lot of
energy.

β-rays Nuclear Fusion

The process of combining of two lighter nuclei to form
one heavy nucleus, is called nuclear fusion.

γ – rays

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