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ScienceDirect
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 179 (2015) 141 – 153

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PhD Candidature, Department of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Department of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Peer-review under responsibility
6HSXOXK1RSHPEHU ,76  of Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning,Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember (ITS).
Keywords:YHUQDFXODUDUFKLWHFWXUHVXVWDLQDELOLW\IOH[LELOLW\7DLVKXQFRXQW\6KDQJMLDR\DQJYLOODJH



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1877-0428 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning,Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS).
doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.417
142 Lin Xiaoyu and Jia Beisi / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 179 (2015) 141 – 153

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3.1. The transformation of the pattern of village’s layout

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3.2. The plan transformation of Shuicheng Cuo

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