RL10703

Biochemistry for Livestock

Production
Lecture 13
Cellular respiration: Oxidative
Phosphorylation

Dr Wan Ahmad Izuddin Wan Ibrahim

PhD and MSc (Animal Nutrition), BAgr (Animal Science) UPM

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 Overall view of cellular respiration
• Glycolysis, Krebs (citric acid) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

• Lecture 13: Oxidative phosphorylation

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 Mitochondria structure

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 Mitochondria structure | Zoom in!

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 Let’s recap Krebs cycle

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 Oxidative phosphorylation
• NADH and FADH2 (by Krebs cycle) supplies the materials for the
next phase: oxidative phosphorylation.

• Oxidative phosphorylation uses an electron transport chain, which

is a series of mitochondrial membrane protein that sit in the inner
membrane.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Inner membrane
• There are two parts of oxidative phosphorylation
• Electron transport chain (ETC)
• Chemiosmosis

• There are several important key steps in oxidative phosphorylation

1. Delivery of electrons by NADH and FADH

2. Electron transfer and proton pumping Electron transport
chain
3. Splitting of oxygen to form water

4. Gradient-driven synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Inner membrane
• There are several types of membrane protein involves in oxidative
phosphorylation

• Complex I, II, III and IV - Involved in electron transport chain.

• Complex V (ATP synthase) – Involved in chemiosmosis

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Electron transport
chain (ETC)
• The concept of electron transport chain:
• transfer of electrons from one membrane proteins to another
(from membrane protein complex I to IV).

• We will see the step by steps on how the electron transfer from
one membrane protein to another.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Electron transport
chain (ETC)
1. DELIVERY OF ELECTRON BY NADH AND FADH

• NADH and FADH2 give up its electron to membrane protein complex.

• NADH to complex I (NADH à NAD+)
• FADH2 to complex II (FADH2 à FAD)

2. ELECTRON TRANSFER AND PROTON PUMP

• Once NADH feeds electron into complex I, the complex I become

supercharged and start a series of reactions transferring the electron from
complex I to another complex.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Electron transport
chain (ETC)
2. ELECTRON TRANSFER AND PROTON PUMP

• Supercharged membrane protein complex able to pump the proton (H+)

from mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space.
• It creates proton gradient.

• Accumulation of proton (H+) at the intermembrane space will induce

another protein complex, the ATP synthase.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Electron transport
chain (ETC)
3. SPLITTING OF OXYGEN TO FORM WATER

• At the end of electron transport chain, electrons are transferred to

molecular oxygen, which split in half and takes up H+ to form water.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Chemiosmosis
4. GRADIENT-DRIVEN SYNTHESIS OF ATP

• As H+ ions flow down their gradient and back into the

mitochondrial matrix, they pass through an enzyme called ATP
synthase (the only route).

• Flow of protons (H+) synthesize the ATP from ADP.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Chemiosmosis
• This process is called chemiosmosis
• The proton power the ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.

• NADH and FADH2 generated from a single molecule of glucose

can produce around 30 - 32 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation.

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Chemiosmosis

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 Oxidative phosphorylation | Summary
• 30 - 32 ATP molecules are generated from the electron transport
chain

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 Cellular respiration | Summary

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 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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