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A brief introduction to optical fiber communication systems

Presentation · February 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25473.17764

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Md. Sakiluzzaman Md Sayed Hasan

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology American International University-Bangladesh
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 Title

Department of
Electrical Electronics Engineering
American International University-Bangladesh
Subject-
Telecommunications Engineering
Telecommunications Engineering Lab [EEE]

Submitted To-
Prepared By-

MD. SAKILUZZAMAN SHARMIN JAHAN

Department of
Electrical Electronics Engineering
American International University-
Bangladesh
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering
American International University-
Bangladesh
 Agenda of this presentation

 Introduction
 What is Optical Fiber Communication system
 History of Optical Fiber
 Block Diagram of optical communication system
 The function of LED & the photo detector
 Challenges in transmission characteristics
 Bit Error Rate (BER) and received power observation
 Conclusion

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

 Introduction
An optical fiber is a structure that is designed to guide light over a
distance or path that is not necessarily straight

The first step is to convert the information into a form compatible

with the communications medium.

These digital pulses are then used to flash a powerful light source off
and on very rapidly.

Typical optical fibers for telecommunication or data transmission are

made from high purity glass in round fiber geometry

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

What is Optical Fiber Communication
system

System with light

as the carrier
Higher Bandwidth

Fiber as the
communication
Optical Fiber medium.
Communication Less signal WHY
attenuation Optic Fiber
The information is
put on a light beam

Transmit light More Secure &

between the two safety.
ends of the fiber.

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

 History of Optical Fiber
1900

A practical light carrying media was developed

1950
Patent for two-layer glass wave-guide

1960
Laser first used as light source
1965
High loss of light discovered

1970
Refining of manufacturing process

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Block Diagram of optical communication
system

Transmitter
Optical
splice
Driver Optical
Source
Circuit Source
Connector

Optical
Coupler
Optical Optical to Optical
Tx electronics Rx

Regenerator
Fiber

Optical Optical
Receiver Sink
Amplifier Detector

Figure 1: Basic Block Diagram of optical fiber communication system

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

The function of LASER & the photo
detector

Photodiode LASER

 An optical detector is a device that converts light

 Laser light has been used because of it’s single-
signals into electrical signals
wavelength light source nature.
 The current is generated when photons are absorbed
 Being a single wavelength light source with uniform
in the photodiode.
phase, laser light travels smoothly with very little
 PIN photodiode has an intrinsic (very lightly doped)
dispersion and making it ideal for long distance
semiconductor region sandwiched between a p-doped
communications system.
and an n-doped region.

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Challenges in transmission
characteristics

Transmission
Characteristics  The main specification of a fiber-optic
cable is its attenuation.
 Attenuation refers to the loss of light
energy as the light pulse travels from one
end of the cable to the other.
 The intensity of the light at the output is
Attenuation Distortion lower because of various losses in the
cable due to light absorption, scattering.
and radiation.

Absorption Scattering Dispersion

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Construction of Optical Fiber Cable

Figure 2: The internal construction of an optical fiber cable [5].

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Received power

For, 50 km of fiber length received signal power is very smooth. 2.5m dB

Opti-system simulation Received power

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Received power

For 100 km of fiber length, For 150 km of fiber length,

received power is 280micro dB received power is 145micro dB

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

BER Analysis

Bit error rate (BER) for 50 Km Bit error rate (BER) for 100 Km
fiber length is 8.71642e-023 fiber length is 4.40407e-006

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Conclusion

Optical fiber Communication System is a system with light as the carrier and fiber as the
communication medium.
Instead of using an electrical signal traveling over a cable or electromagnetic waves traveling
through space, the information is put on a light beam and transmitted through space or
through a special cable. But, lower the distance or length of optic fiber system is better for
BER, quality factor and so on.

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

Combination of types of cable

Types Of
Fibers Optic

Multi-mode Multi-mode
Step index Graded index
Single-mode
step index

Figure 4: Propagation Modes in different types of fibers [3].

Prepared By: Md, Sakiluzzaman

References
[1]. Frenzel, Louis, “Communication Electronics, principles and
applications”
[2]. B. Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”

[3]. https://www.slideshare.net/bhupi212/led-and-laser-source-in-
optical-communication [Access: November 9, 2020]

[4].https://www.tutorialspoint.com/principles_of_communication/princi
ples_of_optical_fiber_communications.htm [Access: November 9, 2020]
[5] http://www.sisott.com/news/65.html
 THANK
YOU

Prepared By:-
Md, Sakiluzzaman
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