RBKL

FASTENING PLATE

Technical manual

Version: 20.11.2023
All rights reserved.
Index

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM ............................................................................................. 3

2. DIMENSIONS AND MATETRIALS.......................................................................................... 4

2.1. Materials and Standards ............................................................................................................................ 6

2.2. Ordering codes ............................................................................................................................................. 6

3. MANUFACTURING AND TOLERANCES ................................................................................ 7

3.1. Manufacturing method .............................................................................................................................. 7

3.2. Manufacturing tolerances ......................................................................................................................... 7

3.3. Surface treatment ........................................................................................................................................ 7

3.4. Quality control and manufacturing markings ................................................................................... 7

4. RESISTANCES .......................................................................................................................... 8

4.1. Design concept ............................................................................................................................................. 8

4.2. Resistances without supplementary reinforcement ........................................................................ 8

4.3. Resistances with additional reinforcement....................................................................................... 11

4.4. Resistance for combined load effects ................................................................................................ 11

5. APPLICATION ....................................................................................................................... 12

5.1. Minimum edge and center distances ................................................................................................. 12

5.2. Minimum thickness of concrete base................................................................................................. 14

5.3. Additional reinforcement for tensile and bending resistance................................................... 15

5.4. Additional reinforcement for shear and torsion resistance ....................................................... 19

6. INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................... 21

ANNEX A ...................................................................................................................................... 22

TECHNICAL MANUAL REVISIONS.............................................................................................. 24

SUPPORT MATERIAL ................................................................................................................... 25

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 2

 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

RBKL fastening plates are steel plates equipped with resistance welded stud head anchors. The
fastening plates are cast into concrete and are intended to be used as base plates to which steel
profiles are welded. They transfer loads from structures welded on it to concrete structures. The loads
are transferred through stud head anchors.

 Multiple sizes of plates are manufactured with different material options.

 The resistances of RBKL fastening plates are calculated for static loads.
 Used for normal/moderate loading. For heavy loading, kindly refer to “RJKL Fastening Plates”
 Use of headed studs over conventional anchor rebars reduces installation hassles and time
 Suitable for shallow concrete structures

Minimum reinforcement according to SFS-EN 1992-1-1 is always to be used in the location of the
fastening plates to guarantee ductility of the structure in ultimate limit state. If in this manual the
resistance is given without additional reinforcement, the minimum reinforcement is not contributing
to the resistance given. When in this manual the resistance is presented with additional reinforcement,
in addition to the minimum reinforcement, the structure has additional reinforcement according to
Section 5.

3
2. DIMENSIONS AND MATETRIALS

Figure 1. Dimension markings of RBKL fastening plates

Table 1. Dimensions of RBKL fastening plates

Fastening Plate D A t d th dh hef

RBKL L × B - H [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 60 0 8 10 7 19 61
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 60 0 8 10 7 19 101
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 60 60 8 10 7 19 61
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 60 60 8 10 7 19 101
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 90 60 10 10 7 19 63
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 90 60 10 10 7 19 103
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 120 70 12 13 8 25 64
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 120 70 12 13 8 25 104
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 120 70 12 13 8 25 154
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 180 60 15 16 8 32 157
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 90 90 10 10 7 19 63
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 90 90 10 10 7 19 103
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 90 90 12 13 8 25 154
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 120 120 12 13 8 25 64
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 120 120 12 13 8 25 104
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 120 120 12 16 8 32 154
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 180 120 15 16 8 32 157
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 170 170 15 16 8 32 157
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 180 180 15 16 8 32 157

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 4

 Figure 2. Dimension markings of long RBKL fastening plates

Table 2. Dimensions of long RBKL fastening plates

Fastening Plate D A t d th dh nB nL hef

RBKL L × B - H [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
RBKL L1 × 100 - 70 150 70 10 13 8 25 2 3…13 62
RBKL L1 × 150 - 70 150 90 10 13 8 25 2 3…13 62
RBKL L1 × 200 - 70 150 100 10 13 8 25 2 3…13 62
RBKL L2 × 100 - 115 200 60 15 16 8 32 2 3…10 107
RBKL L2 × 150 - 115 200 90 15 16 8 32 2 3…10 107
RBKL L2 × 200 - 115 200 100 15 16 8 32 2 3…10 107
RBKL L2 × 300 - 115 200 200 15 16 8 32 2 3…10 107
RBKL L2 × 400 - 120 200 200 20 16 8 32 2 3…10 112
RBKL L2 × 300 - 225 200 100 25 19 10 32 3 3…10 215
RBKL L2 × 400 - 225 200 150 25 19 10 32 3 3…10 215
RBKL L2 × 500 - 225 200 200 25 19 10 32 3 3…10 215
RBKL L2 × 600 - 225 200 250 25 19 10 32 3 3…10 215

L1 = 450/600/750/900/1050/1200/1350/1500/1650/1800/1950/2000 mm

L2 = 600/800/1000/1200/1400/1600/1800/2000 mm

5
2.1. Materials and Standards

Type Component Material Standard

Steel plate S355J2+N SFS-EN 10025
RBKL
Anchor SD1 SFS-EN ISO 13918
Steel plate 1.4301 SFS-EN 10088
RBKLR
Anchor SD1 SFS-EN ISO 13918
Steel plate 1.4401 SFS-EN 10088
RBKLH
Anchor SD1 SFS-EN ISO 13918
Steel plate 1.4301 SFS-EN 10088
RBKLRr
Anchor SD3 SFS-EN ISO 13918
Steel plate 1.4401 SFS-EN 10088
RBKLHr
Anchor SD3 SFS-EN ISO 13918

2.2. Ordering codes

Ordering code consists of type, size, and height of RBKL fastening plates.

E.g. RBKL 100x100-108 is plain 108mm high fastening plate

E.g. RBKLR 100x100-108 is stainless steel plate 108mm high fastening plate

E.g. RBKLH 100x100-108 is acid resistant plate 108mm high fastening plate

E.g. RBKLRr 100x100-108 is complete stainless steel 108mm high fastening plate

E.g. RBKLHr 100x100-108 is acid resistant plate 108mm high fastening plate with stainless steel studs

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 6

 3. MANUFACTURING AND TOLERANCES

3.1. Manufacturing method

Steel plates: Thermal or mechanical cutting
Steel bars: Mechanical cutting, heading (cold/hot)
Welding: MAG welding, manual or robotic, resistance welding or arc stud welding
Welding class: C (SFS-EN ISO 5817), EXC2 (SFS-EN 1090-2 section 7.6)
Execution class: EXC2 (SFS-EN 1090-2) [more demanding classes according to a separate guideline]

3.2. Manufacturing tolerances

Plate side lengths: ± 3 mm if L ≤ 120 mm
± 4 mm if 120 mm < L ≤ 315 mm
Plate straightness: L/150
Plate cut edge surface roughness: SFS-EN 1090-2
Squareness of cut edges: SFS-EN 1090-2
Total height: ± 3 mm
Anchor location: ± 5 mm
Anchor spacing: ± 5 mm
Anchor inclination: ± 5°

3.3. Surface treatment

Protective painting shall be applied to the visible surfaces of the fastening plates. The fastening plates
are delivered with an approximately 40 µm shop priming. Upon request the fastening plates are
delivered with a 60 µm epoxy painting or hot dip galvanized according to galvanizing standard.
Stainless and acid-proof fastening plates are delivered without protective painting.

3.4. Quality control and manufacturing markings

Demands of product standards are to be applied in quality control. The manufacturer of the fastening
plates has a valid quality control agreement for the quality control of steel part manufacturing.

R-Group Baltic OÜ has a quality control contract with Kiwa Inspecta OÜ.

RBKL fastening plates are marked with at least the manufacturer, type and identifier, manufacturing
date of the fastening plate, FI and BY (Concrete Association of Finland) logo.

7
4. RESISTANCES

4.1. Design concept

The resistances of RBKL fastening plates have been calculated according to the following norms, rules,
and regulations:

SFS-EN 1992 - Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures

SFS-EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures
SFS-EN 1992-4:2018 - Design of fastenings for use in concrete

The resistances have been calculated with respect to static loads. For dynamic and fatigue loads the
resistances need to be separately checked on a case-by-case basis.

4.2. Resistances without supplementary reinforcement

Table 3 and Table 4 present the resistances of RBKL fastening plates when only one loading acts at a
time. The resistance of RBKL fastening plates with respect to combinations of load effects shall be
checked according to Section 4.4.

The resistances given in Table 3 and Table 4 have been calculated using the following assumptions:

 Concrete strength C25/30 (load capacities for concrete strength C30/37 are shown in Annex A).
 Cracking can occur in the location of the fastening plate.
 No additional reinforcement at the location of the fastening plate. Structure only reinforced with
minimum reinforcement. The resistances of fastening plate with additional reinforcement are
presented in Section 4.3.
 The fastening plate is located so far from the edge that the breakage of the edge of concrete
structure is not a governing failure mechanism (the required edge distances are given in Section
5.1). If the edge distance is smaller than what given in Section 5.1, additional reinforcement
according to Section 5.4 needs to be used at the location of the fastening plate.
 The thickness of the member on which the fastening plate is mounted is according to Table 8.
 The tolerance for the location of a load is max. ± 15 mm (in addition the manufacturing tolerance
± 5 mm has been considered in the calculations).
 The fastening surface of the steel component to be mounted on the fastening plate shall have
minimum area according to Table 3 and Table 4.
 Shear force VEd can act in both directions of the plate but in one direction at a time. Shear force
acting in both directions needs to be considered according to Section 4.4.

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 8

  Bending moment MEd can act in both plate directions but only in one direction at a time. Bending
moments acting in both directions simultaneously shall be considered according to Section 4.4.

Figure 3. Notation for force directions in RBKL fastening plates

Table 3. Resistances and minimum fastening area of RBKL fastening plates for single load effects without
additional reinforcement and without considering the effect of edge distances

Min fast. area

Fastening Plate NRd VRd MRd,L MRd,B TRd RBKLR(r),
RBKL
RBKLH(r)
RBKL L × B - H [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [mm] × [mm]
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 12.7 25.4 0.7 0.2 0.70 45 × 15 50 × 15
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 32.3 32.9 1.8 0.5 0.91 55 × 15 60 × 15
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 16.5 33.0 0.9 0.9 1.29 40 × 40 45 × 45
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 38.2 65.9 2.3 2.3 2.57 50 × 50 55 × 55
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 19.5 39.0 1.5 1.1 1.98 50 ×40 65 × 40
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 42.4 65.9 3.7 2.6 3.34 75 × 40 80 × 45
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 23.0 46.1 2.2 1.4 3.05 65 × 40 85 × 40
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 47.4 94.9 5.2 3.1 6.27 95 × 40 105 × 45
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 75.8 111.5 8.8 5.1 7.36 110 × 45 115 × 55
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 84.0 168.0 13.8 5.5 15.42 160 × 40 170 × 40
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 21.9 43.8 1.7 1.7 2.64 40 × 40 55 × 55
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 45.9 65.9 4.1 4.1 3.97 65 × 65 75 × 75
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 74.6 111.5 6.9 6.9 6.70 70 × 70 80 × 80
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 27.5 55.0 2.7 2.7 4.48 40 × 40 65 × 65
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 53.7 107.5 6.1 6.1 8.74 80 × 80 95 × 95
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 83.0 166.0 10.1 10.1 13.51 95 × 95 105 × 105
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 93.6 168.8 15.8 11.6 17.68 145 × 70 160 × 90
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 100.0 168.8 15.0 15.0 19.71 125 × 125 145 × 145
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 103.2 168.8 17.6 17.6 20.90 130 × 130 150 × 150

If the steel component is welded all around, the welds can be taken as part of the fastening area.

9
Figure 4. Notation for force directions in long RBKL fastening plates

Table 4. Resistances per stud row and minimum fastening area of long RBKL fastening plates for single
load effects without additional reinforcement and without considering the effect of edge distances

Fastening Plate NRd,row VRd,row Min fast. area for NRd,row (B×L)
RBKL L × B - H [kN] [kN] [mm × mm]
RBKL L1 × 100 - 70 11.9 25.0 10 × 105
RBKL L1 × 150 - 70 12.9 27.1 10 × 70
RBKL L1 × 200 - 70 13.4 28.1 25 × 35
RBKL L2 × 100 - 115 23.1 49.9 60 × 140
RBKL L2 × 150 - 115 25.0 54.0 10 × 95
RBKL L2 × 200 - 115 25.6 55.4 10 × 50
RBKL L2 × 300 - 115 31.9 69.0 85 × 10
RBKL L2 × 400 - 120 32.1 69.9 20 × 20
RBKL L2 × 300 - 225 36.6 91.4 20 × 20
RBKL L2 × 400 - 225 41.1 102.4 20 × 20
RBKL L2 × 500 - 225 45.5 113.4 140 × 10
RBKL L2 × 600 - 225 49.9 124.4 270 × 10

Maximum number of applied loads is equal to number of stud rows (nL) if the load applied directly to
the stud row according to Figure 6(a). If the load applied between the stud rows according to Figure
6(b), the number of applied loads is one less (nL-1).

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 10

 4.3. Resistances with additional reinforcement
Table 5. Resistances and minimum fastening area of RBKL fastening plates for single load effects with
additional reinforcement

Min fast. area

Fastening Plate NRd VRd MRd,L MRd,B TRd RBKLR(r),
RBKL
RBKLH(r)
RBKL L × B - H [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [mm] × [mm]
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 45.8 25.4 0.7 0.2 0.7 45 × 15 50 × 15
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 45.8 25.9 1.8 0.5 0.7 55 × 15 60 × 15
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 91.6 33.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 40 × 40 45 × 45
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 91.6 51.8 2.3 2.3 2.0 50 × 50 55 × 55
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 91.6 39.0 1.5 1.1 1.9 50 ×40 65 × 40
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 91.6 52.8 3.7 2.6 2.6 75 × 40 80 × 45
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 154.8 46.1 2.2 1.4 3.0 65 × 40 85 × 40
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 154.8 93.1 5.2 3.1 6.1 95 × 40 105 × 45
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 154.8 93.1 8.8 5.1 6.1 110 × 45 115 × 55
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 234.5 146.1 13.8 5.5 13.4 160 × 40 170 × 40
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 91.6 43.8 1.7 1.7 2.6 40 × 40 55 × 55
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 91.6 56.0 4.1 4.1 3.3 65 × 65 75 × 75
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 154.8 94.7 6.9 6.9 5.7 70 × 70 80 × 80
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 154.8 55.0 2.7 2.7 4.4 40 × 40 65 × 65
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 154.8 98.6 6.1 6.1 8.0 80 × 80 95 × 95
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 234.5 149.4 10.1 10.1 12.1 95 × 95 105 × 105
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 234.5 150.8 15.8 11.6 15.8 145 × 70 160 × 90
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 234.5 154.8 15.0 15.0 18.0 125 × 125 145 × 145
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 234.5 155.5 17.6 17.6 19.2 130 × 130 150 × 150

4.4. Resistance for combined load effects

If multiple load effects act simultaneously on RBKL fastening plate the resistance of the fastening plate
shall be checked according to Formula (1):

2 2
3
NEd MEd,B MEd,L VEd,B VEd,L TEd 3
(1)
+1.8 + + + + ≤1
NRd MRd,B MRd,L VRd VRd TRd

Where subscript Ed means the ultimate limit state value for the dimensioning value of the load effect
and Rd the corresponding resistance of the fastening plate.

11
5. APPLICATION

5.1. Minimum edge and center distances

When using resistance values given in Table 3 and Table 4, the center and edge distances of RBKL
fastening plates need to equal to at least the values given in Table 6.

Figure 5. The edge distance ccr of RBKL fastening plate from the center of the anchor to the edge of the
concrete structure and the center distance between adjacent fastening plates

Table 6. Minimum edge distances of RBKL fastening plates without additional reinforcement

Minimum edge distance for resistances Minimum edge distance for resistances
Fastening Plate
NRd, MRd,L and MRd,B VRd and TRd
RBKL L × B - H ccr [mm] ccr [mm]
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 92 600
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 152 600
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 92 600
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 152 600
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 95 600
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 155 600
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 96 660
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 156 780
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 231 780
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 236 960
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 95 600
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 155 600
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 231 780
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 96 660
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 156 780
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 231 960
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 236 960
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 236 960
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 236 960
RBKL L1 × 100 - 70 92 780
RBKL L1 × 150 - 70 152 780
RBKL L1 × 200 - 70 92 780

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 12

 Minimum edge distance for resistances Minimum edge distance for resistances
Fastening Plate
NRd, MRd,L and MRd,B VRd and TRd
RBKL L2 × 100 - 115 152 1070
RBKL L2 × 150 - 115 95 1070
RBKL L2 × 200 - 115 155 1070
RBKL L2 × 300 - 115 96 1070
RBKL L2 × 400 - 120 156 1120
RBKL L2 × 300 - 225 231 2150
RBKL L2 × 400 - 225 236 2150
RBKL L2 × 500 - 225 95 2150
RBKL L2 × 600 - 225 155 2150

Table 7. Minimum edge distances of RBKL fastening plates with additional reinforcement

Fastening Plate Minimum edge distance for resistances NRd, MRd,L and MRd,B according to Table 5

RBKL L × B - H ccr [mm]

RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 50
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 50
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 50
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 50
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 50
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 50
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 50
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 50
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 50
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 60
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 50
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 50
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 50
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 50
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 50
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 50
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 60
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 50
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 60
RBKL L1 × 100 - 70 100
RBKL L1 × 150 - 70 100
RBKL L1 × 200 - 70 100
RBKL L2 × 100 - 115 100
RBKL L2 × 150 - 115 100
RBKL L2 × 200 - 115 100
RBKL L2 × 300 - 115 100
RBKL L2 × 400 - 120 100
RBKL L2 × 300 - 225 100
RBKL L2 × 400 - 225 100
RBKL L2 × 500 - 225 100
RBKL L2 × 600 - 225 100

13
5.2. Minimum thickness of concrete base
When using the resistances given in Table 3 and Table 4 the thickness of the concrete base must have
the minimum value given in Table 8.

Table 8. Minimum thicknesses for the concrete base structure for RBKL fastening plates

Fastening Plate Minimum thickness of the concrete base for resistances

RBKL L × B - H hmin, [mm]
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 88
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 128
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 88
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 128
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 90
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 130
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 92
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 132
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 182
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 185
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 90
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 130
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 182
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 92
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 132
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 182
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 185
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 185
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 185
RBKL L1 × 100 - 70 88
RBKL L1 × 150 - 70 128
RBKL L1 × 200 - 70 88
RBKL L2 × 100 - 115 128
RBKL L2 × 150 - 115 90
RBKL L2 × 200 - 115 130
RBKL L2 × 300 - 115 92
RBKL L2 × 400 - 120 132
RBKL L2 × 300 - 225 182
RBKL L2 × 400 - 225 185
RBKL L2 × 500 - 225 90
RBKL L2 × 600 - 225 130

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 14

 5.3. Additional reinforcement for tensile and bending resistance
If the edge distance (in any direction) ccr ≤ 1.5hef (ccr – Figure 4) or the center distance kt ≤ 2ccr (kt –
Figure 5), additional reinforcement according to Figure 6 and resistance of additional reinforcement
according to Table 9 shall be used to prevent concrete cone failure.

15
Figure 6. Additional reinforcement of RBKL fastening plate for concrete cone failure resistance

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 16

 Table 9. Tensile resistances of additional reinforcement (singe stirrup Pos.1, Figure 6) of RBKL fastening
plates for concrete cone failure

Fastening Plate Tensile resistance of additional reinforcement NRd,s, [kN]

RBKL L × B - H Ø6 Ø8 Ø10 Ø12
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 3.2 - - -
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 3.2 - - -
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 3.2 - - -
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 3.2 - - -
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 3.4 4.5 - -
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 3.4 4.5 - -
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 11.2 14.9 18.7 22.4
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 11.2 14.9 18.7 22.4
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 11.2 14.9 18.7 22.4
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 11.5 15.3 19.1 22.9
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 11.2 14.9 - -
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 11.2 14.9 - -
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 11.2 14.9 - -
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 11.2 14.9 18.7 22.4
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 11.2 14.9 18.7 22.4
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 11.2 14.9 18.7 22.4
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 11.5 15.3 19.1 22.9
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 11.5 15.3 19.1 22.9
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 11.5 15.3 19.1 22.9

Note! If concrete cover for additional reinforcement cnom > 20 mm or cd > 3Ø (Table 8.2, SFS-EN 1992-
1-1), the anchorage capacity of additional reinforcement in failure cone needs to be separately
calculated on a case-by-case basis according to SFS-EN 1992-4.

The maximum resistances given are values for C25/30 concrete strength. Load capacities which are
based on concrete strength C30/37 are shown in Annex A.

Under good bond conditions the resistance values given in Table 9 can be multiplied by factor 1.42.

Longitudinal reinforcement, Pos.2 (Figure 6), min ∅ = reinforcement Pos.1 (Figure 6). Reinforcement
Pos.2 should be anchorage outside 1.5hef (cone failure zone).

The vertical leg in reinforcement Pos.1 should always cut through the concrete cone failure. The
reinforcement Pos.1 is to be added as close as possible to the steel plate (distance depends on
demands of concrete cover) and the anchors of the fastening plate according to Figure 6.

17
If the edge distance ccr < 1.8hef additional reinforcement from Table 10 near the concrete side and top
face surface shall be used to resist the splitting forces and to limit cracks. Existing surface
reinforcement can be used as splitting reinforcement if it is not used fully for other purposes and the
total utilization ratio is ≤ 1.

Figure 7. Additional reinforcement of RBKL fastening plate for splitting failure resistance

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 18

 Table 10. Additional reinforcement resistances of RBKL fastening plate for splitting failure per stud

Stud diameter Required cross-section of the Selected reinforcement ① and ②

[mm] reinforcement per stud As, [mm2] per stud

10 27 1xØ6
13 45 1xØ8
16 68 1xØ10

Note! Perpendicular edges should be considered independently (i.e. As per direction).

The additional reinforcement should be placed as near as possible to the anchors, but it is possible to
spread it out in the reinforcement zone also.

Constructive reinforcement in Figure 6 minimum As = required cross-section of the reinforcement

Pos.1 or Pos.2 according to Table 10.

5.4. Additional reinforcement for shear and torsion resistance

If the center or edge distances of RBKL fastening plates are smaller than the values given in Table 6,
additional reinforcement according to Figure 8 and resistance of additional reinforcement according
to Table 11 shall be used to prevent concrete edge failure.

Figure 8. Additional reinforcement of RBKL fastening plate for edge failure resistance

19
Eccentricity between shear force and reinforcement causes additional tensile force into additional
reinforcement. This additional force is accounted for in the following way:

es
VEd.re = +1 ∙VEd (2)
z
where:

es – distance between shear force (surface of steel plate) and center of the reinforcement

z – internal moment arm of the concrete structure ≈ 0.85d (d ≤ min[2hef, 2c1])

Table 11. Additional reinforcement resistances of RBKL fastening plate for edge failure per stud

Stud diameter S-stirrups ① (per stud) cnom.max

[mm] Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 [mm]
10 1×Ø10 2×Ø8 3×Ø6 35
13 1×Ø16 2×Ø10 3×Ø8 35
16 1×Ø16 2×Ø12 3×Ø10 35

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 20

 6. INSTALLATION

RBKL fastening plates are installed to the planned positions before or during casting of concrete. The
precise position of the anchor plate is indicated on the design drawings. Anchor plates can be fixed on
the formwork or on the reinforcement by nails, glue, double-sided tape, or clamps. If steel mould is
used fixing magnets is possible. Upon request, RBKL fastening plates can also be supplied with nail
holes for easy fixing. If the anchor plates are fixed to formwork special attention should be paid to
achieve the required post-concreting tolerances.

It is not allowed to bend or cut the headed studs or anchors to make the plate fit the reinforcement.
The anchoring of RBKL fastening plates is based on the concrete cone, which is due to the headed
studs. Bending or cutting the anchors reduces the tension capacities and the moment of the anchor
plates because it downsizes the concrete cone.

Before concreting it is good to check the position of the fastening plate. Keeping tight planar
tolerances reduces risk of concrete flush to cover the surface of the fastening plate during concreting.

In casting, the dropping height of the concrete should be kept as small as possible. This ensures that
the mass stays even and the fastening plate is not exposed to great impelling forces. Close attention
should be paid during casting and compacting to ensure that the position of fastening plates stays
unchanged.

The concrete under the heads of headed studs or anchors, as well as under the base plate, should be
properly compacted. If a vibrator is used for compacting, contact between the fastening plate and the
vibrator is to be avoided. Especially bigger horizontal fastening plates are to be provided with air
holes to enable adequate compacting under the plate area.

Only when the concrete has been hardened and reached the design strength can the fastening plate
be loaded.

21
ANNEX A

Table 12. Resistances and minimum fastening area of RBKL fastening plates for single load effects
without additional reinforcement and without considering the effect of edge distances (for C30/37
concrete strength)

Min fast. area

Fastening Plate NRd VRd MRd,L MRd,B TRd RBKLR(r),
RBKL
RBKLH
RBKL L × B - H [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [mm] × [mm]
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 13.9 25.9 0.8 0.3 0.7 45 × 15 50 × 15
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 35.5 25.9 2.0 0.6 0.7 55 × 15 60 × 15
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 18.1 36.2 1.0 1.0 1.4 40 × 40 45 × 45
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 41.9 51.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 50 × 50 55 × 55
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 21.4 42.8 1.7 1.2 2.1 50 ×40 65 × 40
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 46.5 52.8 4.1 2.9 2.6 75 × 40 80 × 45
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 25.3 50.5 2.4 1.5 3.3 65 × 40 85 × 40
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 52.0 93.1 5.8 3.4 6.1 95 × 40 105 × 45
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 83.1 93.1 9.7 5.6 6.1 110 × 45 115 × 55
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 92.1 146.1 15.2 6.1 13.4 160 × 40 170 × 40
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 24.0 48.0 1.9 1.9 2.8 40 × 40 55 × 55
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 50.3 56.1 4.5 4.5 3.3 65 × 65 75 × 75
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 81.8 94.8 7.6 7.6 5.7 70 × 70 80 × 80
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 30.2 60.3 2.9 2.9 4.9 40 × 40 65 × 65
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 58.9 98.6 6.7 6.7 8.0 80 × 80 95 × 95
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 91.0 149.4 11.1 11.1 12.1 95 × 95 105 × 105
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 102.6 150.8 17.4 12.7 15.7 145 × 70 160 × 90
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 109.6 154.8 16.5 16.5 18.0 125 × 125 145 × 145
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 113.1 155.6 19.3 19.3 19.2 130 × 130 150 × 150

Note! The maximum resistances given in Table 12 are values for C30/37 concrete strength structures
and fastening plate locations according to Table 6.

Resistances and minimum fastening area of RBKL fastening plates for single load effects with
additional reinforcement and with concrete strength C30/37 are the same as with concrete strength
C25/30 according to Table 5.

Tensile resistances of additional reinforcement to prevent concrete cone failure of RBKL fastening
plates with concrete strength C30/37 are shown below (Table 13). Resistances of additional
reinforcement for any other case for concrete C30/37 will be the same as for C25/30 except for the
anchorage length lbd (should be calculated for each concrete strength separately).

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 22

 Table 13. Tensile resistances of additional reinforcement (singe stirrup Pos.1, Figure 5) of RBKL fastening
plates for concrete cone failure (for C30/37 concrete strength)

Fastening Plate Tensile resistance of additional reinforcement NRd,s, [kN]

RBKL L × B - H Ø6 Ø8 Ø10 Ø12
RBKL 100 × 50 - 68 3.6 - - -
RBKL 100 × 50 - 108 3.6 - - -
RBKL 100 × 100 - 68 3.8 5.1 - -
RBKL 100 × 100 - 108 3.8 5.1 - -
RBKL 150 × 100 - 70 4.1 5.5 - -
RBKL 150 × 100 - 110 4.1 5.5 - -
RBKL 200 × 100 - 72 7.4 9.9 12.4 14.9
RBKL 200 × 100 - 112 7.4 9.9 12.4 14.9
RBKL 200 × 100 - 162 7.6 10.2 12.8 15.3
RBKL 300 × 100 - 165 7.6 10.2 12.8 15.3
RBKL 150 × 150 - 70 7.9 10.5 13.1 15.8
RBKL 150 × 150 - 110 7.9 10.5 13.1 15.8
RBKL 150 × 150 - 162 11.6 15.5 19.4 23.3
RBKL 200 × 200 - 72 11.6 15.5 19.4 23.3
RBKL 200 × 200 - 112 11.9 15.8 19.8 23.8
RBKL 200 × 200 - 162 12.1 16.2 20.2 24.3
RBKL 300 × 200 - 165 12.1 16.2 20.2 24.3
RBKL 250 × 250 - 165 12.1 16.2 20.2 24.3
RBKL 300 × 300 - 165 12.1 16.2 20.2 24.3

Note! Under good bond conditions the resistance values can be multiplied by factor 1.42.

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TECHNICAL MANUAL REVISIONS

RBKL – Technical manual 20.11.2023 24

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