TESTER PRACTICAL TWO 2023

BIOLOGY PRACTICAL

231/3

MARKING SCHEME

1.a)

Substance FoodTest Procedure Observation Conclusion

Reducing -To 2cm3 Sol. G in a test tube, Colour changes from Reducing sugars
G sugars add equal amount of blue to green to present
benedicts solution, heat to yellow to orange.
boil. Acc-final colour
proteins -To 2cm3 of Sol. G add 10% Blue colour Proteins absent
NaOH(aq) followed by 1% of persists/colour of
CuSO4 drop by drop CuSO4r remains
-To 2cm3 of Sol. H in a test Colour change from Reducing sugars
H Reducing tube, add equal amount of blue to green- present
sugars Benedict’s solution, heat to yellow-orange
boil.
-To 2cm3 of Sol. H in a test Purple colour Proteins present
proteins tube, add 10% formed/blue colour
NaOH(aq )followed by 1%CuSO4 changes to purple
drop by drop
8mks

Note:

-Award half a mark for each correct response.

-Type of test must be correct to score for procedure, observation and conclusion.

-Spelling of the reagents must be correct, otherwise underline and proceed.

-If chemical symbols are used, they must be correctly written.

-Colour sequence must be followed whereby all the colours of the mixture have been stated.

b) -Diabetes mellitus

-Albuminuria/proteinuria

c) (i)-Diffusion and osmosis

(ii)-Reducing sugars have tiny molecules which diffuses through the pores in the membrane of the
visking tubing; along a concentration gradient; The molecules of the proteins/proteins in solution H are
larger and cannot pass through the pores of the visking tubing.
-Change in size of visking tubing explains movement of water molecules by osmosis.

2.a) Mitosis
b) Chromatids separating and the division ending wiyh two daughter cells

c) D1 METAPHASE……Chromatids align at the equator of the spindle fibres

D2..INTERPHASE…..Dense chromatin

D3 PROPHASE…..Chromosomes visible

D4….TELOPHASE…..Cell membrane constricting.

(d) (i)Longitudinal

(ii)Specimen S has several/many seeds while T has one seed

S has a fleshy endocarp while T has hard /woody endocarp.
S has axile placentation while T has basal placentation.

(iii) Specimen S
Type of fruit; Berry
Reason: Has numerous seeds which are embedded in a succulent endocarp.
Method of dispersal: Animals
Reason: Fleshy/Juicy/ succulent/scented.

Specimen T
Type of fruit: Drupe
Reason: Has one seed which is enclosed with a hard endorcarp.
Method of dispersal; Animals
Reason: Fleshy /Juicy /succulent/scented

iv) NOTE:

The three parts be well labeled; Epicarp,Mesocarp;& Endocarp.

-To award for labeling consider the following:

 Spellings
 Label lines should touch the part being labeled
 Label lines should be continuous with no arrows at the end
 Label lines should not criss cross
3 a)(i) A –Trachea. B-Bronchus.C-Pleural membrane. D-Alveoli

ii) –Has rings of cartilage that keep it open

-has cilia that move mucus and dust particles to the top of the trachea

-lining secretes mucus, which traps dust particles and micro-organism

iii) Secretes pleural fluid that lubricates the lungs.

b) –moist to dissolve gases

–Thin membrane for rapid diffusion

–Highly vascularised to maintain a steep concentration gradient for diffusion of gases.