Nontrivial Solution of Semilinear Elliptic Equations With Critical Exponent in R

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Nontrivial Solution of Semilinear Elliptic Equations

with Critical Exponent in R
a
D. M. Cao
a
Wuhan Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Academia Sinica , P.O. Box 71007,
Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
Published online: 18 May 2010.
To cite this article: D. M. Cao (1992) Nontrivial Solution of Semilinear Elliptic Equations with Critical Exponent in R ,
Communications in Partial Differential Equations, 17:3-4, 407-435, DOI: 10.1080/03605309208820848
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COMMUN. IN PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 17(3&4), 407-435 (1992)
NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION
OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION
WITH CRITICAL EXPONENT IN R2
D.M. CAO
Wuhan Institute of Mathematical Sciences,

Academia Sinica
P.O. Box 71007
Wuhan 430071,
P.R. China
Downloaded by [Michigan State University] at 19:14 11 January 2015
~
I
I. Introduction.
I We consider the problem
1 where f ( x , t ) = O(t) as t -+ 0 and I f ( x , t ) ( 5 ~

constant C and for all x E W2. t E R.
e for~ some
" positive
~ ~
When If(x,t)( < CeltlY (0 < v < 2), G.B. Li and X.P. Zhu [4],
P.L. Lions [7] have studied (1.1). M.C. Shaw (101 has obtained the
existence of nontrivial solution for the following eigenvalue problem
where R is a bounded domain in W2,g(x, t) is a continuous function on

S1 x 64 satisfying
' 3
Copyright @ 1992 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.
g(x:O) = 0
Idx,t)I I A + BItI
m at2
e uniformly in x
B, rn and cu
for some nonnegative constants -4, > 0.
It is well-known that the embedding of H 1 ( R 2 )into Lp(W2) (2 5 p <
+co) and of the set V = { u E H,'(n) , Jn IVuI2 dx <
1 ) into Orlicz
space Lv (a)
where d ( t ) = e4nt2- 1 is not compact and consequently
we can not hope functional
to satisfy the (PS) (Palais-Smale) condition in W if we apply variational

method. In this paper, with the help of concentration-compactness prin-
ciple put forward by P.L.Lions [6],[7], we show that I(u) satisfies (PS),
condition for all c E ( 0 ,J ) (for the definition of J , see section 3). Then,
we obtain the existence of nontrivial solution for (1.1) by using Moun-
tain Pass lemma in H. Brezis and L. Nirenberg (31 to construct a critical
point 1 ( u ) with a critical value in ( 0 ,J).
The main result in this paper are as follows
THEOREM 1.1. Suppose f (x,t) E C(R2 x W) satisfies the following

conditions :
(fl) 1f (+,t)l < ~e~~~~ for x E R2 , t E R where C > 0 is some

constant.
f ( 5 ,t ) = 0
lim - unifonnly with respect to x E W 2 ;
t-0 t
lim- f (x,f > = $03 unifonnlywithrespecttox~~~.
t-co t
NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION
-
(f4) limlZl,, f (x, t ) = f (t) uniformly for t bounded,
where 6 > 0 is some constant, E ( R )--+ 0 as R -r +a.

(f5) f ( ~ , t ) 1 T ( t ) > ;s;(I - zql-5 ~ t l p - ~for
t x E R ~ t, E W,
where 2 < p < +m,
f (z, t) f T(t) for fixed t E R with respect to x E WZ. Then (1.1) has a
nontrivial s o h tion.
If we are interested in positive solution, we have a similar result.

THEOREM
1.2. Suppose f(x, t) satisfies (f1)-(f4) and
(f5 :,
f(x,t) >0 for x E W 2 , t > 0 ,
f (x, t) > 3(t) > ;s;(l - 26)'-f ltlp-'t for x E R2 , t 2 0 .
where 2 < p < +a,

Sp as defined in Theorem 1.1.
f(x,t) (x,t)Efix(0,6)
where R is some domain in RZ with positive measure and 6 is some
positive number.
Then (1.1) has a positive solution.
It should be remarked that assumptions like (f3), (f5) and (f5') seem
just technical and leave room for improvement.
2. Preliminary.
We begin this section by giving some notations and definitions. Define

CAO
(L2(l~u12
1
(2.1) \lu// = + u2)dx)' . ~)

for u E H ~ ( [ W
for u E L Q ( R ~. )
The variational functional of (1.1) is
where
F(x,u ) = lu f(x, -
Let
where
lu
-
F(u) = f ( s )ds .
cO" = inf { I m ( u ) / u E M m ) , if Mw # 0;
(2.6)
Cw = +m , ifMm=8.
If f ( t ) satisfies ( f l )and ( f 2 )then I? > 0.

REMARK:
NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION 411
PROOF:Suppose, on the contrary, IF = 0, then there exists a sequence

{u,) such that
=
l2 dx
i2 iVu,12 dz 4 0.
By Lemma 2.2 (to be proved), ( f l ) and (f2)
Ii2 ~ ( u . 1dxl
1
z k 2/u,I2 dx + Cl k2 ~ u ~ J ( e -~ 1' -~ 4r(un12)dx
~ ~ l ~
1
:A2 /un12dx + c2(i2 1vun12 dx)' l2

Iunl2 dx
where C1, C2 > 0 are some constants.
Thus
therefore
a contradiction which concludes our remark.
Similar to J..4.Moser [8], we have the following embedding lemma :
where C ( m ,M) > 0 is some constant independent of u.
PROOF:As in J.M. Moser [8], we use the method of symmetrization.

Let u* be the symmetrization of u, then u* depends on 1x1 only and is
nonnegative nonincreasing function of 1x1. It is well-known that
where r > 1 is a number to be determined.

Setting IxI2 = w(t) = 2&u*(x), we deduce
By Holder's inequality,
where s o is some unit vector in R2

= nr2 1 05
ew2(')-' dt
<
- Tr2e4~+lu'('.o)12
1°5 e(l+c)lvu*l:'-t dt (for any E > 0)
On the other hand, by radial lemma A.IV in H. Berestycki and

P.L. Lions [2] we have
(2.16) Iu*(x)I 5 &Ju*lzJzl-' for l x l # O
Thus
Choosing r > &1un12, we have
(2.17) (e4nlu'1z - 1)dz 5 C(M) .
(2.15) and (2.17) deduces (2.8).
LEMMA 2.2. Suppose u E H'(W2), JR2 (VuI2dx < &. Then
where C > 0 is some constant independent of u.

i
I
PROOF:By the result of G. Talenti [ll]or Th. Aubin [I],we know that
IJ 5 5
if s,t > 1, = - $ and lVhl E Li(W2)then
I
I (2.19) lhls 5 K ( t ) IVhlt
I~
414
where
Let h = Iulv, v = 2n-I ' n 2 2. Then (Vh[ = vlulU-'IVuI. Taking

s = 2n - 1, t = 2 - &, using Hijlder's inequality, we get
By direct computation we obtain
where > 0 is some constant.

Thus
In the above inequalities, we have used the same C to denote various

constants. In what follows we shall adopt such a notation.
Because limn,+, += e
(n!) i
i
: IVu12 < 1
, xL=27IVu1;
ca (4-n)"
converges. Hence
Denote BR = {t E W 2 , 1x1 < R).We have the following lemma which

can be regarded as an extension of lemma 1.1 in [7]due to
P.L. Lions.
LEMMA2.3. Suppose {un) C H1(R2)satisfies

and
lim sup ( J V U , ~ ~ + ~ U ~ ) =~ O) ~ X forsome R > O .

n--.co yes2 I y + B n
f (x,t ) satisfies (fl). Then
PROOF:Let E Cr(WZ)such that t r 1 for 1x1 < 5 R and r 0 for

1x1 > R ;lVJl < 6 . Let Jy = E ( . + y ) , then
For n large enough, we have IV(tyun)li < &. Hence, it follows from
Lemma 2.2 that
Covering W 2 by balls of radius $ in such a way that any point of R2
is contained in at most m balls of radius R. For large n we have
Taking n -+ co,then E -, O+ in (2.23) we deduce
Similarly we have
LEMMA2.4. 1f lff(t)satisfies (fl),(f2)and there exists ii E H'(W2) such

that ii $ 0, f R 2 F(E)dx 2 sR2
ii2 dx, SR2IVE(*dx < 1. Then Ir can
be achieved. Moreover IF < JR2 IViiI2 dx.
PROOF:It is easy to see that there exists f E (O,l] such that
Thus, I? < Jm2 IVii12 dx. Letting { u n ) be a minimizing sequence of
I F , without loss of generality we can assume

I
1 NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION
Denoting the symmetrization of un by u:, we know that u: depends

on 1x1 only and is nonincreasing as a function of 1x1. Furthermore
Thus, {u:) is still a minimizing sequence of I?. We denote it by (u, )

simply in what follows. Suppose
un + u
n
,
weakly in H'(FP~)
-
Atz
+
,
Let Q(t) = eltm - 1 t2, P(t) = F(t). It follows from ( f l ) and (f2)
that P ( t ) + 0 as t 4 0, $#
4 0 as it( 03.
Due to invariance of the Dirichlet integral by the transformation u -+

U, = u(c.) we can assume Sw2
IunI2dx = 1 (otherwise, replace u,(x) by
un(anx), properly choose a,). By Lemma 2.1,
L (e*iun12 - 1) dx 5 C for same constant
Thus, by Strauss lemma and un + 0 uniformly as n --+

C>0.
cx, (by radial

n
lemma A.IV of H. Berestycki and P.L. Lions [2))we have
Therefore u $ 0.
= Ja2~(x)dx.
If ~ ~ , u 2 =d JR2F(u)dx,
x then u achieves IT. If Jm,u2dx <
CAO
JR, F ( u )dz? then there exists t E (O? 1) such that
Hence
lim
n-+a,
- J12
I V U , ~ dz
~ = 17,
a contradiction which concludes our proof.
3. Proof of Main Results.
First, we prove a local compactness result. That is, I ( u ) satisfies

( P S ) ccondition for c E (0, J ) where J = min (CM, !j - 0).
L E M M A 3.1. Suppose f(x,t) satisfies (f1)-(f4) and there exists a

sequence {u,) C H1(R2) such that

I(un) + c E (0, J)
I1(un) -+ 0 in H - ' ( w ~ ) .
n
Then there exists a subsequence of { u , ) which converges strongly in

H1(R2).
PROOF:It follows from the assumption that
for any E H1(W2),where o(1) denote the quantities that tend to 0 as

n -+ CO, Cn -4
n
0 in H-'(R2).
Taking y = u , in (3.2) we obtain

NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION 41 9
we shall prove { I , ) has a consequence converging strongly in H ' ( R ~ )

by applying concentration-compactness principle of P.L. Lions [?I. By
( 3 . 1 ) , ( 3 . 3 ) and ( f 3 ) :we have
11unlI
2
5 -21 + - C
1-20
+
o(1).
Therefore for n large enough
where m < 1 is some positive number.

Suppose for some u E H 1 ( R 2 )
(3.5) u, + u weakly in H'(W2)

(3.6) un -+ u a.e. in R2 .
n
Without loss of generality, we may assume

b 2 1 ~ u n 1 2 d x 5 m 1< forall n 2 1 .
If I = 0, by (fl),(f2) and Lemma 2.2, we have

which contradicts c = lim,,, I ( u n ) # 0. Thus, 1 > 0.
Let pn = IVunI2 +IunI2. By lemmaI.l of P.L. Lions in [6], there are

three possibilities : (1) vanishing, (2) dichotomy and ( 3 ) compactness.
We shall show that only ( 3 ) compactness occurs. We argue by way of
contradiction.
Suppose (1) vanishing occurs, that is,
~ X0
( I V U , / ~ + / U , ~ ~ )+ forall R>O
Y"p2
ER 4 + B n
Lemma 2.3 deduces immediately

/ 2 dx
The above two limits combined with (3.3) imply ~ w 2 ( / ~ u n1unl2) +
+ 0 which contradicts 1 > 0. Thus, vanishing does not occurs.
n
Suppose (2) dichotomy occurs. Let Q, be the concentration function

of p, defined by
P
Q , is a sequence of nondecreasjng nonnegative uniformly bounded func-

tion on R+. By extracting subsequence, we can assume that there
exists Q ( t ) such that Q,(t) 4 Q ( t ) and Q ( t ) = cu E (0'1)
(dichotomy occurs). For any E > 0, E < &, we can choose t o > 0
such that Q ( t ) 2 cr - $ if t 2 t o . Then for n large enough (n 2 no),
+
cr - f 5 Q n ( t ) 5 cu 6. Furthermore there exists y, E R2 such that
and n large enough. We can find t , -t +oo such that

n
NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR E L L I P T I C EQUATION 421
Let (,y E C,00(R2)be cut-off functions such that 0 5 (, y _< 1. < 0

if 1x1 2 3 ; ( ZE 1 if 1x1 -< 2 ; p = 1 if 1x1 2 2, y =
0 if 1x1 5 1. Denote
[, = [(y), tl > 0 is a positive constant to be determined later on
and satisfies
for n large enough.
Denote p, = (F),
U; = E n t i n , U: = v n u n . By computation we
deduce
Choosing tl large enough we have
> 3tl
For n large enough so that t , we have
where 7, E C?(W2) such that 0 5 7, 5 1, 7, = - 0 if )x - y,J < t 1 or

+
12 - yn( 2 2 t n IX
2 ; q n ZE 1 if 2t1 < - ynl < 2 t n , IVg,] 5 1 for a: E R2.
Since
2 J
t,< ( ~ - - ~ ~ l < 2 t ~ + 2
+
(IVU,I~ /un12)dl
1
5 2 & < -
4xe '
using Lemma 2.2 we obtain
lun12 dx 5 CE .
C / t1<lz-yn l<2tn+2
Similarly we have
(3.7),(3.8) combined with (3.11) deduce
and
It follows from (fl) and (f4) that
Applying the same method as in the proof of (3.10) we obtain

From (3.13),(3.14) and (3.15) we have
(3.16) I(u,) L I(uA) + I ( u i ) - CE .

If {y,) is bounded, then
When 1x1 large enough, for (uZ,I < we have
where E(R) --, 0 as R -, +m.

Thus
1
( F ( x ,ti:) - F(u:)) dx < ~(t.) mes ( 6 < lull < -)
6
wu:ll+
CAO
By (fl) and (f4),
h"
F(+:t)
= O , lim
w1 = 0.
,*t2
'-+Soo e'+m -1 t-+m 8*t2
e'+m - 1
Hence
F ( Z ,u i ) da:
lX:l>1
a=lun12
(e l+m -1)dx (byLemma2.1 and (3.4))
Thus
therefore
where U(E)denotes the quantities that tend to 0 as E -, 0+, o(1) denotes

the quantities which tend to 0 as n -+ +co.
Next, we want to show that I ( u 2 ) > Cm - C L ( -

~ )o(1). To this end,
some careful estimates are needed.
Arguing as the proof of (3.21) we can show that
Let v n ( x ) = u : ( a x ) , then
In order to obtain on close to 1 such that
We first prove that IP2

JVuil2 dx has a positive lower bound A. which
is independent of E small enough and is independent of n.
Indeed, if there were 6, + 0 such that

m
n--tw
Js2 IVu:(6rn)12 dx = g 6 m ) , -
~(6,)+
m
0 as 6, +0,
m
where u:(6,) is a subsequence selected by above process for each 6,.

We denote ui(6,) simply by u:. By dichotomy we have
CAO
(for 6, small enough).

Thus
+
Hence, choosing an = 1 cn(JR2IVu;I2 dz)-' we have v, E M a ,
which implies that M a is non empty if dichotomy occurs. It is easy to
see that.
+
on = 1 P ( E ) -I- o(1) .
Since (3.13), (3.14), we can assum IVu: l2 < if E is small

enough, and therefore Im(u;) is bounded. Hence
rm(u2.) 2 I="(v,) - ~ ( € 1 -o(1) 2 "&I a J ( u )- p(&)- o(1)
= C a - ,u(e) - o(1) .
Thus
(3.25) ) o(1) .
I " ( u ~ , ) 2 Coo- p ( ~ -
Setting p = un<2in (3.2) we have

(3.26)
r
It follows from (3.9),(3.10) and (3.26) that

Letting n -+ m, then E -, 0 we have c 2 Cm + (4 - qo,a contra-

diction.
If {y.} is unbounded, we change the role of {u:) and {u:). Then

we can still get a contradiction as above. Thus, we have ruled out
dichotomy. Therefore only compactness occurs. So, there exists {y.) c
R* such that for any E > 0,there is t = t ( s ) > 0 such that
We claim that {y,) is bounded. Otherwise, without loss of generality,
suppose (y, 1 -+ cm,then
n
Let 77, be a cut-off function such that 0 5 7, I 1 for x E R2, qn 0

for I x - y , l L t , q , r l f o r I x - y n l > t + l . IVq,lL2. F o r € < G,1
Thus
lunl2 dx I P(E).
As in the proof of (3.21) we have

-
(3.31)
Thus
X ~-~,l<t+l
( F ( x , un) - F(un)) dx I o(l) .
(3.32) %
(I), 2 Irn(&) - p(&)- 4 1 ) .
Similar argument of ruling out dichotomy enable us t o have a, such
+
that a, = 1 - P(E) 0(1), vn(x) = u,(anx) E MOD and
+
I ( u n ) L IOD(v,) - P(E) o(1) >
C" - p(e) O(1) . +
In this case, we also get M" # 0. Taking n -+ m, then E + 0 we obtain
>
c C M , a contradiction which implies {y,) is bounded. Therefore, for
any E > 0 , there exists t = t ( ~>) 0 such that
P(s> = 0
lim - , lim -
P(s> = 0 .
s-O Q(s) IsI-- Q(s)
r
1. Q ( u n )dx _< C
By Strauss lemma in H. Berestycki and
for some constant C >0 .
P.L.Lions [Z],for any bounded
Bore1 set R, we have
As in the proof of (3.30) we have
(3.35)
Thus
- --
On the other hand, taking y = u in (3.2) and letting n m, we
obtain
~ --
Therefore from (3.3), (3.36) and (3.37) l l ~ ~ 2l l IIuIl, and thus un + u
n
strongly in H 1( R ~ )Thus
. we have completed the proof of Lemma 3.1.
THEOREM 3.2. Suppose f(x, t ) satisfies (fl)-(f4) and there exists uo E

H ' ( R ~ such
) that
Then (1.1) has a nontrivial solution.

PROOF:It is easy to see from ( f l ) , ( f 2 and
) Lemma 2.2 that there exist
p > 0 , cr > 0 such that
I ( u ) > cr for all u satisfying ((ull= p but 1luoll > p .
As in W.Y. Ding and W.M. Ni [4], we can construct a path vo

connecting 0 and tOuOsuch that max,~,, I ( u ) = I ( u o ) , where t o > 0
is so large that I ( t o u o )< 0 , lltouoll > p. Let
(3.38) c = inf s u p I ( u )
u E u~E v
where r is the set of all paths which connect 0 to tOuOcontinuously.

By Mountain Pass lemma in H. Br6zis and L. Nirenberg [3], there is a
sequence {u,} c H1(W2)such that
Applying Lemma 3.1, we can prove our conclusion.
If f ( x , t ) E T ( t ) does not depend on x , then we have
THEOREM 3.2: Suppose f (z, t ) r f ( t ) does not depend on x and (fl)-

(£3) hold. Moreover there exists uo E H ' ( R 2 ) such that
I(u0) < -1 - 9 .
2
Then (1.1) has a nontrivial solution 'ii such that I @ ) 5 I(u0).
PROOF:The same as in the proof of Theorem 3.2, we can get a sequence

{ u n ) C H1(W2)such that
where c < - 6.
In the proof of Lemma 3.1, we have used c < Ca to rule out lyn1 --, co
n
in the case that compactness occurs only. In the present case, we may
+ +
replace un by un(x y,) and prove that un(x y,) converges strongly
to some u E H 1(W2). The same method in the proof of Theorem 3.2 can
deduce our conclusion.
THEOREM 3.3. Suppose f ( x , t) = J(t) does not depend on x and satis-

fies (f1)-(B), and
where
Sp = inf ll4l ,
-
U E H ~ ( R ~lulp
)
Then (1.1) has a nontrivial s o h tion.

for any E > 0, there exists u, E H1(R2)

PROOF: By the definition of Sp>
such that
Let v, = - w u . , l/u,/12= 1 - 28,
Choosing E small enough so that

CAO
then we have
Thus, from Lemma 2.4, I. can be achieved and I. < 1 - 28. Assume
u o achieves I. then
for some Lagrange multiplier X E W. By (f3) and the fact that I. > 0
we get X > 0. Let u = u O ( f i x ) , then u satisfies (1.1). By Pohozaev
identity (see P.L. Lions [7])
So, we have proved Theorem 3.3.
We now prove Theorem 1.1.
PROOFOF THEOREM1.1:
By the assumptions of Theorem 1.1 we know that f(t) satisfies the
conditions of Theorem 3.3. Thus there exists E E H ' ( R 2 ) satisfying
NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION
moreover I m ( E ) < 4 - 0. Let
By (f2) and Jw2(lVz12+z2)dx = Soan

? ( ~ ) z d xwe have
h l ( t ) >_ 0 for 0 5 t < 1 , h l ( l )= 0

hl(t) 5 0 for t > 1 .
Hence
) max Im(E) .
I w ( ~=
t>o
It is easy to see that there exists to E ( 0 ,+m) such that
I(to.E) = rnax I ( t E ) .
t20
By (f5) we have
(3.41) I ( t o n ) < Ico(ton) < max Ioo(tn)= Im(iz)

t2o
Choosing t > t o sufficiently large that I(t?l) < 0 for t tl . Let > r be
the set of all continuous paths connecting 0 and t l Z . Define
(3.42) c = inf sup I ( u )

vEr UEV
Then, as in the proof of Theorem 3.2, we have
(3.43) c > 0.
On the other hand,
c max I ( t E ) 5 ma I ( t E )
IO<t_<tl 120
By Mountain Pass lemma in H. BrCzis and L. Nirenberg [3],

there exists
a sequence {u,) c H'(W2) such that
Since for c defined in (3.42), I(u) satisfies (PS), condition, we can ex-
tract a subsequence of {un) converging to some u E H1(BB2)strongly.
Thus I ( u ) = c, I1(u)= 0 which implies u $ 0 and u is a nontrivial
solution of (1.1).
By slightly improved arguments (which are standard), we can prove

Theorem 1.2.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to thank the referee for some helpful comments.
This paper was revised while the author was visiting CEREMADE,
University of Paris-Dauphine. He would like to express his gratitude
for the hospitality he received during the stay.
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Appl. Math. 36 (1983), 437-477.
141 W.Y. Ding and W.M. Ni, On the existence of positive entire
solution of a semihnear elliptic equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.,
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Nontrivial Solution of Semilinear Elliptic Equations With Critical Exponent in R

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Nontrivial Solution of Semilinear Elliptic Equations With Critical Exponent in R

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This article was downloaded by: [Michigan State University]

On: 11 January 2015, At: 19:14

Communications in Partial Differential Equations

Nontrivial Solution of Semilinear Elliptic Equations

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03605309208820848

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Wuhan Institute of Mathematical Sciences,

I We consider the problem

1 where f ( x , t ) = O(t) as t -+ 0 and I f ( x , t ) ( 5 ~

where R is a bounded domain in W2,g(x, t) is a continuous function on

to satisfy the (PS) (Palais-Smale) condition in W if we apply variational

point 1 ( u ) with a critical value in ( 0 ,J).

The main result in this paper are as follows

THEOREM 1.1. Suppose f (x,t) E C(R2 x W) satisfies the following

(fl) 1f (+,t)l < ~e~~~~ for x E R2 , t E R where C > 0 is some

where 6 > 0 is some constant, E ( R )--+ 0 as R -r +a.

If we are interested in positive solution, we have a similar result.

where 2 < p < +a,

We begin this section by giving some notations and definitions. Define

(2.1) \lu// = + u2)dx)' . ~)

The variational functional of (1.1) is

If f ( t ) satisfies ( f l )and ( f 2 )then I? > 0.

PROOF:Suppose, on the contrary, IF = 0, then there exists a sequence

By Lemma 2.2 (to be proved), ( f l ) and (f2)

:A2 /un12dx + c2(i2 1vun12 dx)' l2

a contradiction which concludes our remark.

Similar to J..4.Moser [8], we have the following embedding lemma :

where C ( m ,M) > 0 is some constant independent of u.

PROOF:As in J.M. Moser [8], we use the method of symmetrization.

where r > 1 is a number to be determined.

Setting IxI2 = w(t) = 2&u*(x), we deduce

where s o is some unit vector in R2

On the other hand, by radial lemma A.IV in H. Berestycki and

Choosing r > &1un12, we have

(2.17) (e4nlu'1z - 1)dz 5 C(M) .

(2.15) and (2.17) deduces (2.8).

LEMMA 2.2. Suppose u E H'(W2), JR2 (VuI2dx < &. Then

where C > 0 is some constant independent of u.

I (2.19) lhls 5 K ( t ) IVhlt

Let h = Iulv, v = 2n-I ' n 2 2. Then (Vh[ = vlulU-'IVuI. Taking

By direct computation we obtain

where > 0 is some constant.

In the above inequalities, we have used the same C to denote various

Denote BR = {t E W 2 , 1x1 < R).We have the following lemma which

LEMMA2.3. Suppose {un) C H1(R2)satisfies

lim sup ( J V U , ~ ~ + ~ U ~ ) =~ O) ~ X forsome R > O .

f (x,t ) satisfies (fl). Then

PROOF:Let E Cr(WZ)such that t r 1 for 1x1 < 5 R and r 0 for

Taking n -+ co,then E -, O+ in (2.23) we deduce

LEMMA2.4. 1f lff(t)satisfies (fl),(f2)and there exists ii E H'(W2) such

PROOF:It is easy to see that there exists f E (O,l] such that

Thus, I? < Jm2 IVii12 dx. Letting { u n ) be a minimizing sequence of

I F , without loss of generality we can assume

1 NONTRIVIAL SOLUTION OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION

Denoting the symmetrization of un by u:, we know that u: depends

Thus, {u:) is still a minimizing sequence of I?. We denote it by (u, )

Due to invariance of the Dirichlet integral by the transformation u -+

L (e*iun12 - 1) dx 5 C for same constant

Thus, by Strauss lemma and un + 0 uniformly as n --+

cx, (by radial

JR, F ( u )dz? then there exists t E (O? 1) such that

3. Proof of Main Results.

First, we prove a local compactness result. That is, I ( u ) satisfies

L E M M A 3.1. Suppose f(x,t) satisfies (f1)-(f4) and there exists a