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 魔法字彙第七至八周
旋元佑 編授
表示「工作」的字根
fact (fect, fict): do, make
factor (n.) [ˋfæktɚ] 因素
Price wasn’t a factor in my decision to buy
the land.
artificial (a.) [͵ɑrtəˋfɪʃəl] 人造的，人工的
【衍】artifact (n.) 藝品，古文物
Artificial flowers seldom look natural.
The robot has artificial intelligence built in.
Many ancient artifacts were unearthed at the
site.
certificate (n.) [sɚˋtɪfəkɪt] 證明，證書，證照
【衍】certify (v.) 檢驗合格，證明
You must get a certificate before you can
teach in this state.
The man is certified to teach in this state.
defect (n.) [ˋdifɛkt] 缺點
【衍】defective (a.) 有瑕疵的
All the defects had been corrected before the
new product was introduced to the market.
effective (a.) [ɪˋfɛktɪv] 有效的
【衍】effect (n., v.) 效果，功效；做出，達到
Both remedies are effective, but taking a
shot is clearly more efficient.
Taking an aspirin is an efficacious remedy for
your headache.
The union accepted the terms, in effect
capitulating to the management.
1
facile (a.) [ˋfæs!] 簡單的，容易的；熟練的
This problem requires more than just a facile
solution.
He is a wonderfully facile writer.
facilitate (v.) [fəˋsɪlə͵tet] 方便，便利
The company is adding a ramp to facilitate
the entry of wheelchairs.
facility (n.) [fəˋsɪlətɪ] 能力，熟練；設備，設施
He had great facility with words.
A library is an important facility for research.
faculty (n.) [ˋfæk!tɪ] 全體教師；能力
“On behalf of the faculty, welcome to our
school,” said the Principal to the visitors.
The old man is still in possession of all his
faculties.
feasible (a.) [ˋfizəb!] 可行的
【衍】feasibility (n.) 可行性
We need to come up with a feasible plan to
save the company.
The proposal is theoretically feasible.
The manager suggested that we do a
feasibility study before making a decision.
feat (n.) [fit] 重大成就，壯舉
The CEO performed a remarkable feat by
turning the company back into profitability.
fictitious (a.) [fɪkˋtɪʃəs] 虛構的
【衍】fiction (n.) 虛構的故事，小說
Don Quixote is a fictitious character.
infect (v.) [ɪnˋfɛkt] 感染
【衍】infection (n.) 感染
His optimism infected everyone around him.
This computer is infected with a destructive
virus.
Put some disinfectant on the wound to
prevent infection.
manufacture (v., n.) [͵mænjəˋfæktʃɚ]
（大量）製造，加工
This factory manufactures hi-tech
instruments.
The manufacture of clothing and shoes has
largely relocated to areas where labor cost is
low.
proficient (a.) [prəˋfɪʃənt] 熟練，精通
【衍】proficiency (n.) 熟練，精通
The computer engineer is proficient in
hunting viruses.
This job requires proficiency in two
languages.
function (n., v.) [ˋfʌŋkʃən] 功能；運作
My cell phone has several additional
functions.
It also functions as a digital camera.
affair (n.) [əˋfɛr] 事件
Extramarital affairs are a main cause of
divorce.
Our annual conference is an important affair.
2
erc (erg, org): work
coercion (n.) [koˋɝʒən] 強制，強迫
【衍】coerce (v.) 強制，強迫
The police used coercion to obtain a
confession from the suspect.
organic (a.) [ɔrˋgænɪk]
有機的；整體的，不可或缺的
【衍】organism (n.) 生物
Organic chemicals are required in the
manufacture of plastics.
Urban planners think of the city as an organic
whole.
synergy (n.) [ˋsɪnɚdʒɪ] 共同作用，相乘效果
Time Inc. and AOL are two companies that
have found synergy.
ergonomic (a.) [͵ɝgəˋnɑmɪk] 人體工學的
【衍】ergonomics (n.) 人體工學
This ergonomic chair looks weird but is
comfortable to sit on.
labor: work
labor (n., v.) [ˋlebɚ] 勞工，勞動；努力，賣力
The car parts themselves are inexpensive; it’s
the labor that will cost you.
The truck labored uphill with its heavy load.
laborious (a.) [ləˋborɪəs] 費力的，辛苦的
Fetching water from the stream is a laborious
task.
elaborate (a., v.) [ɪˋlæbə͵ret]
精密，複雜；闡述，發揮
【衍】elaboration (n.) 複雜性；闡述
The couple took elaborate precautions
before going on the journey.
My thesis advisor asked me to elaborate
more fully on the point I raised.

oper: work

cooperate (v.) [koˋɑpə͵ret] 合作

【衍】cooperation (n.) 合作
We’ll have to cooperate if we wish to
succeed.

operation (n.) [͵ɑpəˋreʃən]

作業，營運，行動，開刀
【衍】operate (v.) 操作，行動，開刀
Desert Storm was a successful military
operation.

maneuver (n., v.) [məˋnuvɚ] 策略，行動；操控

Through a series of legal maneuvers, the
defense lawyer kept her client out of jail.
The other directors are trying to maneuver
her into resigning.

3
 表示「姿勢」的字根
sist (sta, stit): stand, be
stability (n.) [stəˋbɪlətɪ] 穩定
【衍】stable (a.) 穩定的
Stability and progress are two conflicting
demands.
constant (a., n.) [ˋkɑnstənt]
經常的，恆定的；常數
The thermostat on the air-conditioning keeps
the room at constant temperature.
There are two constants and one variable in
this math formula.
constitution (n.) [͵kɑnstəˋtjuʃən] 憲法；組成，
體質
The Constitution guarantees individual rights.
He has a strong constitution and seldom falls
sick.
inconsistent (a.) [͵ɪnkənˋsɪstənt]
不一致的，不連貫的
【衍】inconsistency (n.) 不一致，不連貫
What he does is inconsistent with what he
says.
The witness’s statements lack consistency.
install (v.) [ɪnˋstɔl] 就職；架設，裝設
【衍】installation (n.) 就職；裝設，設施
The college recently installed its first woman
president.
The computer comes with the software
already installed.
installment (n.) [ɪnˋstɔlmənt] 分期付款；一集
You may pay for the car in 12 installments.
The latest TV miniseries will be presented in
five installments.
4
persist (v.) [pɚˋsɪst] 持續
【衍】persistent (a.) 持續的
persistence (n.) 持續
If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.
The boy is most persistent in his unreasonable
demands.
institute (n., v.) [ˋɪnstətjut] 機構；設立，推行
That think tank is a research institute in
geopolitics.
By instituting these programs, we hope to
improve our children’s education.
institution (n.) [͵ɪnstəˋtjuʃən]
設立，推行；機構；制度
The institution of these reforms is absolutely
necessary.
This is the most prestigious educational
institution in the nation.
Do you think homosexuality threatens the
institution of marriage?
stagnant (a.) [ˋstægnənt] 停滯的
【衍】stagnancy (n.) 停滯
stagnation (n.) 停滯
Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water.
The economy has remained stagnant for the
third consecutive year.
The government is pumping money into
public projects to bring the country out of
economic stagnation.
stale (a.) [stel] 陳腐的
“Afraid of one’s own shadow” is a stale
expression.
The air in the deserted house is stale.
The leftover bread has grown stale.
static (a., n.) [ˋstætɪk] 靜止的；雜音
Food prices remained static throughout the
winter.
Static electricity tends to be strong when
humidity is low.
A good antenna can reduce the static on your
radio.
stance (n.) [stæns] 站姿，立場
The player took up a stance, ready to hit the
ball.
Most students took an antiwar stance during
the conflict.
stationary (a.) [ˋsteʃən͵ɛrɪ] 不動的
The so-called fixed stars only appear to be
stationary in the night sky.
statistics (n.) [stəˋtɪstɪks] 統計學，統計數字
Statistics was developed from gambling.
This statistic is incorrect, but all the other
statistics are acceptable.
stature (n.) [ˋstætʃɚ] 身高，高度
The boy reached a stature of six feet when he
was 13.
He is a scientist of great stature.
status (n.) [ˋstetəs] 身分，地位
Doctors and lawyers enjoy high social status.
One’s car is often regarded as a status
symbol.
subsistence (n.) [səbˋsɪstəns] 生存，生計
【衍】subsist (v.) 生存，存活
The fishermen depended on cod for
subsistence.
These villagers still pursue subsistence
farming.
The stray mountaineer subsisted on roots
and insects for a week.
5
substance (n.) [ˋsʌbstəns] 物質
Gold is a substance that defies decay.
substantial (a.) [səbˋstænʃəl] 具體的，大量的
There is a substantial amount of oil in these
waters.
substantiate (v.) [səbˋstænʃɪ͵et]] 證實
【衍】substantiation (n.) 證實
Many of the allegations have been
substantiated by eye-witness testaments.
sed (sid): sit
assiduous (a.) [əˋsɪdʒʊəs] 勤奮的，認真的
My aunt is the most assiduous gardener I
know.
dissident (n., a.) [ˋdɪsədənt]
異議人士；非主流的
Political dissidents are tolerated in a
democracy.
The dissident writer keeps a column on the
op-ed page.
reside (v.) [rɪˋzaɪd] 居住
He resides in the capital with his family.
He is a permanent resident of the US, but not
a citizen.
Shops are not allowed in residential areas.
That mansion is the mayor’s residence.
residue (n.) [ˋrɛzə͵dju] 殘留
【衍】residual (a.) 殘留的
You should wash the vegetable thoroughly to
get rid of any residues of pesticides.
session (n.) [ˋsɛʃən] 會議，會期
Congress is in session now.
The school team had a training session last
weekend.
The complicated negotiations cannot be
completed in one session only.

subside (v.) [səbˋsaɪd] 平息

After two days, flood waters began to
subside.
The protests gradually subsided after the
government made a few concessions.

subsidiary (a., n.) [səbˋsɪdɪ͵ɛrɪ]

附屬的，次要的；附屬機構
Money was only a subsidiary factor in my
decision to change jobs.
This company is a subsidiary of Microsoft.

subsidy (n.) [ˋsʌbsədɪ] 補助

【衍】subsidize (v.) 補助
He is studying abroad under government
subsidies.

6
 表示「心」與「記憶」的字根
card (cord): heart
discourage (v.) [dɪsˋkɝɪdʒ] 使洩氣，勸阻
【衍】discouragement (n.) 勸阻
The man wasn’t discouraged by the
numerous challenges he encountered.
cordial (a.) [ˋkɔrdʒəl] 誠摰的，熱情的
【衍】cordiality (n.) 誠摰，熱情
The hostess gave cordial greetings to every
arriving guest.
concord (n.) [ˋkɑnkɔrd] 和諧，一致
【衍】concordant (a.) 和諧的，一致的
There was complete concord among all the
committee members, so the proposal was
passed.
The party had long been plagued with
discord, and finally split in two.
core (a., n.) [kor] 核心（的）
I believe the company should focus on its
core expertise only.
What are the core values of this company?
A lack of trust is at the core of the problem.
mem (mne): mind, remember
commemorate (v.) [kəˋmɛmə͵ret] 紀念
【衍】commemoration (n.) 紀念
The war memorial was built to
commemorate those killed in the war.
7
memorabilia (n.) [ˋmɛmərəˋbɪlɪə] 紀念品（複）
【衍】memorable (a.) 值得紀念的，難忘的
The boy is a Yankees fan and has collected a
lot of baseball memorabilia.
amnesty (n.) [ˋæm͵nɛstɪ] 特赦
The last hope for the prisoner lies in an
amnesty from the governor.
immemorial (a.) [͵ɪməˋmorɪəl] 古老的，久遠的
Dogs have been humans’ companions from
time immemorial.
memorandum (n.) [͵mɛməˋrændəm] 備忘錄
After the meeting, the manager sent a
memorandum to every participant.
memoir (n.) [ˋmɛmwɑr] 回憶錄
The retired movie star started writing his
memoir.
mnemonics (n.) [niˋmɑnɪks] 記憶術
【衍】mnemonic (a.) 記憶術的
Mnemonics—the use of mnemonic devices
to facilitate memory—was invented by
ancient Greeks.
reminiscence (n.) [͵rɛməˋnɪsns] 回憶
【衍】reminisce (v.) 回憶
reminiscent (a.) 另人想起…的
The old man likes to indulge in pleasant
reminiscences of his childhood.
I like this small town because it is reminiscent
of my hometown.
 表示「身體」的字根

incarnation (n.) [͵ɪnkɑrˋneʃən] 典型，化身

corp: body 【衍】incarnate (v.) 化身，代表
incarnate (a.) 化身的，典型的
reincarnation (n.) 輪迴轉世
corps (n.) [kɔr] 團隊，軍團
She is the very incarnation of grace.
The Army Corps of Engineers call themselves
the ACE.

incorporeal (a.) [͵ɪnkɔrˋporɪəl] capit: head

無形的，無實體的
【衍】corporeal (a.) 身體的，物質的 capitalism (n.) [ˋkæpət!͵ɪzəm] 資本主義
In the film, the house was haunted by an 【衍】capital (n.) 資本，首都
incorporeal entity. capitalist (n.) 資本家
capitalistic (a.) 資本主義的
The American brand of capitalism has
corporation (n.) [͵kɔrpəˋreʃən] 法人，公司
numerous ills.
The man works for a multinational
corporation. capitulate (v.) [kəˋpɪtʃə͵let] 投降，屈服
【衍】capitulation (n.) 投降，屈服
corpulent (a.) [ˋkɔrpjələnt] 肥胖的 The teacher capitulated and allowed the use
【衍】corpulence (n.) 肥胖 of calculators.
There was a corpulent lady sitting next to
me. recapitulate (v.) [͵rikəˋpɪtʃə͵let]
扼要重述，概括
【衍】recapitulation (n.) 重述要點
incorporate (v.) [ɪnˋkɔrpə͵ret] 包含，體現
The movie recapitulates history truthfully.
This design incorporates the best features of
our earlier models. decapitate (v.) [dɪˋkæpə͵tet] 斬首
【衍】decapitation (n.) 斬首
The journalist was decapitated by terrorists.

carn: flesh

ped: foot
carnage (n.) [ˋkɑrnɪdʒ] 大屠殺
The footage exposed the appalling carnage in
that war-torn country.
expedite (v.) [ˋɛkspɪ͵daɪt] 迅速執行，加快
carnivore (n.) [kɑrnə͵vɔr] 肉食動物 【衍】(a.) expeditious 迅速的
【衍】carnivorous (a.) 肉食的 We'll do what we can to expedite the
herbivore (n.) 草食動物 processing of your insurance claim.
omnivore (n.) 雜食動物
Lions are carnivores.

8
expedient (a.) [ɪkˋspidɪənt]
方便的，權宜的；權宜之計
【衍】expediency (n.) 方便性，權宜
They found it expedient to negotiate with the
terrorists.
The negotiation was regarded as a desperate
expedient.

expedition (n.) [͵ɛkspɪˋdɪʃən] 探險隊，遠征隊

The expedition reached the summit and
returned without mishap.

impediment (n.) [ɪmˋpɛdəmənt] 阻礙，障礙

【衍】impede (v.) 阻礙
The country's debt was a serious impediment
to economic improvement.

peddler (n.) [ˋpɛdlɚ] 小販

【衍】peddle (v.) 兜售
This is a residential area and peddlers are not
allowed here.

pedestrian (n., a.) [pəˋdɛstrɪən]

行人；平淡的，缺乏想像力的
There are no pedestrians on the sidewalk.
The pedestrian prose could really put me to
sleep.

stampede (n., v.) [stæmˋpid] 奔逃，驚逃

The fire alarm caused a stampede to the
exits.
The frightened horses stampeded to the cliff
and couldn’t stop.

9
 表示「知道」與「相信」的字根
cogn (gnos): know
recognize (v.) [ˋrɛkəg͵naɪz] 辨認，承認
【衍】recognition (n.) 辯認，承認
I haven’t seen him for so long that I probably
can’t recognize him.
The 200-mile offshore fishing zone is
internationally recognized.
connoisseur (n.) [͵kɑnəˋsɝ] 鑑賞家，專家
The character James Bond is portrayed as a
connoisseur of fine wines.
diagnosis (n.) [͵daɪəgˋnosɪs] 診斷
【衍】diagnose (v.) 診斷
diagnostic (a.) 診斷的
What’s the doctor’s diagnosis of your
stomach ache?
prognosis (n.) [prɑgˋnosɪs] 預後
【衍】prognosticate (v.) 預測
The economist’s prognosis of the coming
year is quite optimistic.
ignore (v.) [ɪgˋnor] 忽略
【衍】ignorance (n.) 無知
ignorant (a.) 無知的
The man ignored the “No Trespassing” sign
and pressed ahead.
I’m quite ignorant about computers.
incognito (adv., a.) [ɪnˋkɑgnɪ͵to] 隱藏身分
The superstar likes to travel incognito.
The best-selling author remains incognito.
10
cred: believe
credit (n., v.) [ˋkrɛdɪt] 信譽，信用，學分；相信
【衍】creditable (a.) 信用可靠的
Although she did the work, her supervisor
took all the credit.
You can buy the car on credit.
This is a required, three-credit course.
Do you credit all his wild stories?
accredited (a.) [əˋkrɛdɪtɪd]
檢定合格的，獲得認可的
【衍】accreditation (n.) 檢定，認可
This Medical School is accredited with the
AMA and all major hospitals in the U.S.
credential (n.) [krɪˋdɛnʃəl] 資歷，證件
This candidate has excellent credentials for
the kind of work we do.
You must show your credentials before you
can enter.
creditor (n.) [ˋkrɛdɪtɚ] 債主，債權人
This bank is our company’s major creditor.
creed (n.) [krid] 信條
The Ten Commandments are important
Christian creeds.
incredible (a.) [ɪnˋkrɛdəb!] 令人難以置信的
There is an incredible amount of coal in these
mountains.
credulous (a.) [ˋkrɛdʒʊləs] 太輕易相信人的
【衍】credulity (n.) 輕信，易受騙
Don’t be so credulous.
There’s an incredulous look on his face.
 fid (fed): faith

confident (a.) [ˋkɑnfədənt] 有信心的

【衍】confidence (n.) 信心
I’m confident that I can win.
My sister is a shy, diffident girl.

fidelity (n.) [fɪˋdɛlətɪ] 誠信，忠實

The most important principle in translation is
“fidelity to the original.”
Sexual fidelity is essential to a happy
marriage.

confide (v.) [kənˋfaɪd] 信任，透露

You can confide in John completely.
May I confide something to you?
The information is confidential.
The CEO has made his confidant a manager.

federal (a.) [ˋfɛdərəl] 聯邦的

【衍】federation (n.) 聯邦
The federal government operates on a huge
budget.
The U.S. is a federation.
The Olympic Committee is under the
National Sports Confederation.

infidel (n.) [ˋɪnfəd!] 異教徒，不信神者

“Death to the infidels!” cried the Islam
fundamentalist.

11
 表示「拿」與「放」的字根

imperceptible (a.) [͵ɪmpɚˋsɛptəb!] 覺察不出的

capt (cept, cip): take 【衍】perceive (v.) 覺察，看待
perception (n.) 觀察，認知
deceptively (adv.) [dɪˋsɛptɪvlɪ] 不可信地 Small, imperceptible changes may accumulate
【衍】deceive (v.) 欺騙 to make a large difference.
deception (n.) 欺騙
Some of Picasso’s later drawings look inception (n.) [ɪnˋsɛpʃən] 開始
deceptively simple. 【衍】incipient (a.) 剛開始的
The company has been highly successful ever
captive (n., a.) [ˋkæptɪv] 俘虜；囚禁的 since its inception.
When the war was over, the captives were A stuffy nose is one sign of an incipient cold.
released.
Captive animals sometimes demonstrate intercept (v.) [͵ɪntɚˋsɛpt] 攔截
abnormal behavior. 【衍】interception (n.) 攔截
Animals in captivity often live longer than Army intelligence has intercepted an
those in the wild. important piece of enemy communication.
The superstar captivated the Shanghai The last-minute interception of the ball
audience. changed the result of the game.

capacity (n.) [kəˋpæsətɪ] 容量，能力 receptionist (n.) [rɪˋsɛpʃənɪst] 接待員

【衍】capacious (a.) 容量大的 The receptionist at the front desk told the
capable (a.) 有能力的 visitor to wait a while.
The auditorium was filled to capacity. I was a recipient of the Microsoft scholarship.
That suitcase is truly capacious.
Both assembly lines are running at full susceptible (a.) [səˋsɛptəb!]
capacity. 易受影響的，容許…的
I am capable of going two days without Minors, with their susceptible minds, should
sleep. not watch this violent movie.
The fees in this brochure are susceptible to
capsule (n.) [ˋkæps!] 膠囊，小容器，太空艙 change without further notice.
【衍】encapsulate (v.) 封裝，壓縮
Drug capsules are sometimes hard to
swallow, but they do make drugs less bitter.
Every pupil was told to put together a time
capsule to be buried somewhere on campus.
The life capsule in a spacecraft is where
astronauts live and work.

12
 presume (v.) [prɪˋzum] 假設，假定
sum (sumpt, empt): take 【衍】presumption (n.) 假定
presumptive (a.) 假定的，很可能的
The court must presume innocence until
redemption (n.) [rɪˋdɛmpʃən]
there is proof of guilt.
救贖，贖罪；挽救，拯救
【衍】redeem (v.) 救贖，挽救，贖回
resume (v.) [rɪˋzjum] 恢復，重新開始
The movie deals with a sinner’s search for 【衍】resumption (n.) 恢復，重新開始
redemption. Normal services will be resumed in the
The interview greatly aided the redemption spring.
of his reputation. Negotiations will resume after the long
weekend.

sumptuous (a.) [ˋsʌmptʃʊəs]

奢侈的，豪華的，豐盛的
tain (ten, tin): hold
That was the most sumptuous feast I had
ever enjoyed.
content (n., a.) [kənˋtɛnt] 內容；滿足的
Check the contents of the wallet for clues
exemplary (a.) [ɪgˋzɛmplərɪ] 模範的；警示的
about the owner.
The officer was cited for exemplary service to
I feel content with my current situation.
the community.
Activists decry public execution as an
sustain (v.) [səˋsten] 維持，承受
exemplary measure.
【衍】sustainable (a.) 永續的
The economy is expected to sustain its
exemplify (v.) [ɪgˋzɛmplə͵faɪ] 例證，舉例說明 growth the whole year.
【衍】exemplification (n.) 舉例說明 The house sustained major damage in the
I’ll use one novel to exemplify the genre. earthquake.
The farmer grows only enough to sustain his
exempt (v., a.) [ɪgˋzɛmpt] family.
免除，豁免；被免除，豁免的 Sustainable development is the principle
guiding the reclamation project.
【衍】exemption (n.) 豁免，免除
The conscientious objector was exempted
detain (v.) [dɪˋten] 逗留，拘留
from military service.
【衍】detention (n.) 逗留，拘留
The retired judge was exempt from jury duty.
The police have the right to detain suspicious
people for a short period of time.
preempt (v.) [priˋɛmpt] 防止，阻止 I am late because I was detained by an old
【衍】preemption (n.) 防止，阻止 friend on the way.
preemptive (a.) 先發制人的 The student is under detention because he
The contract preempts lawsuits by the didn’t do his homework.
company's clients.

13
maintenance (n.) [ˋmentənəns]
維持，維修，堅稱
【衍】maintain (v.) 維持，維修，堅稱
The maintenance of living standards is very
difficult if prices keep rising like this.
I’m taking my car to the garage for
maintenance.
The suspect maintained that he was
innocent.
obtain (v.) [əbˋten] 取得，獲得
You have to obtain the teacher’s permission
before you can leave early.
retain (v.) [rɪˋten] 保留，留下
【衍】retention (n.) 保留，留下
The company finds it hard to retain its
market share under severe competition.
tenacious (a.) [tɪˋneʃəs] 頑強的
【衍】tenacity (n.) 頑強
These tenacious farmers refuse to give up
their traditional livelihood.
tenant (n.) [ˋtɛnənt] 房客
The tenant is being evicted because he hasn’t
been paying his rent.
tenet (n.) [ˋtɛnɪt] 信條，守則
One basic tenet of modern science holds that
any valid experiment must be duplicable.
tenure (n.) [ˋtɛnjʊr] 任期，終身制
During his tenure, the Minister completed a
number of major projects in public
construction.
Justices in the Supreme Court have tenure.
She’s a tenured professor at this department.
14
propr: one’s own
proper (a.) [ˋprɑpɚ] 恰當的，合適的
【衍】propriety (n.) 恰當性，合適性
I would have done the job myself but I didn’t
have the proper equipment.
property (n.) [ˋprɑpɚtɪ] 財產；屬性
This land is government property.
An important property of gold is that it
doesn’t rust.
proprietary (a.) [prəˋpraɪə͵tɛrɪ] 私有，專利的
【衍】proprietor (n.) 業主，擁有人
This is proprietary software.
appropriate (v., a.) [əˋproprɪ͵et]
撥款，挪用；恰當，合適
【衍】appropriation (n.) 撥款，挪用
appropriateness (n.) 恰當性，合適性
Congress will appropriate money for the
research program.
What would be an appropriate response to
the query?
pos (pon): place
compound (n., a., v.) [kɑmˋpaʊnd]
綜合性建築群，化合物；複合的；添加
The military compound is fenced in with
electric wires.
Life on earth is based on organic compounds.
The deposit account offers compound
interest.
High winds compounded the difficulties of
the firefighters.
opposition (n.) [͵ɑpəˋzɪʃən] 反對
【衍】oppose (v.) 反對
The legislator is in opposition to the tax hike.
The Opposition is loudly condemning the
Ruling Party’s latest legislation.
deposit (v., n.) [dɪˋpɑzɪt]
儲存，存放；蘊藏，存款
Flood waters deposited a thick layer of mud
everywhere.
I’m going to the bank to deposit some money.
There are rich deposits of precious metals in
these mountains.
There’s not much money left in my bank
deposit.
dispose (v.) [dɪˋspoz] 處理，廢棄
【衍】disposal (n.) 處理，處置
The gangster told his men to dispose of the
body.
It is very convenient to have a waste disposal
in the kitchen.
juxtapose (v.) [͵dʒʌkstəˋpoz] 並列，對照
【衍】juxtaposition (n.) 並列，對照
In his retrospective, the artist juxtaposed his
early and late works to highlight his progress.
pose (v., n.) [poz] 提出，造成，擺姿勢；姿勢
The depletion of petroleum poses a
challenge to us all.
The reporter asked the interviewee to pose
for a cover picture.
The interviewee assumed a casual pose.
posture (n., v.) [ˋpɑstʃɚ] 姿態；擺姿態
You should always maintain an erect posture.
The models are posturing for the media.
proposal (n.) [prəˋpoz!] 提議
【衍】propose (v.) 提議
The proposal to legalize marijuana has won a
lot of support.
Did Helen accept John’s proposal?

disposable (a.) [dɪˋspozəb!]

可拋式的，可自由運用的 composition (n.) [͵kɑmpəˋzɪʃən]
作文，作曲，構成
Disposable diapers are convenient but not
【衍】compose (v.) 創作（音樂、文章），組成
environmentally friendly.
composite (a.) 合成的
His disposable income is about half his salary.
The students were told to write a
composition on capital punishment.
expose (v.) [ɪkˋspoz] 暴露，揭發
Critics highly commend the unique
【衍】exposure (n.) 暴露，揭發
composition of the painting.
This magazine specializes in exposing
scandals.
You shouldn’t be exposed to direct sunlight
around noon.

exposition (n.) [͵ɛkspəˋzɪʃən] 說明文，展覽會

This article is a detailed exposition of
Japanese wedding customs.
The next World Exposition will be held in
Paris.

15
 表示「攜帶」的字根
fer: bear, carry
suffer (v.) [ˋsʌfɚ] 受苦，罹患，承受
When hyperinflation occurs, everyone
suffers.
The woman suffers from lung cancer.
Two died in the train wreck, and many
suffered minor injuries.
ferry (n., v.) [ˋfɛrɪ] 渡船，渡口；擺渡
Let’s take the ferry to Kowloon.
There’re many people waiting at the ferry.
This is a car ferry, so you can drive on.
The boat ferries people and goods all day
long.
We can ferry across in 10 minutes.
conference (n.) [ˋkɑnfərəns] 會議
【衍】confer (v.) 會商
The meeting will be held in the conference
room.
The President will make an important
announcement at the press conference.
I need to confer with my lawyer.
defer (v.) [dɪˋfɝ] 延後，順從
【衍】deferral (n.) 延後
deference (n.) 順從
deferential (a.) 順從的
You may choose to defer your admission for
one year.
The girl deferred to her father’s wishes and
stopped seeing the man.
Her deferential attitude pleased her father.
16
fertile (a.) [ˋfɝt!] 肥沃的，有生育能力的
【衍】fertility (n.) 肥沃，生育能力
fertilize (v.) 施肥，授精
The soil is kept fertile by the annual flooding
of the river.
He has a fertile imagination.
Women are fertile before menopause.
I need to fertilize the land, but haven’t
decided on the fertilizer yet.
infer (v.) [ɪnˋfɝ] 推論
【衍】inference (n.) 推論
I can infer from the article that the author
has had first-hand experience in the matter.
The party leader, and by inference the whole
party, opposed the bill.
refer (v.) [rɪˋfɝ] 提及，轉介
The speaker referred to her wartime
experience several times.
The doctor referred the patient to a heart
specialist.
reference (n.) [ˋrɛfərəns] 提及，參考，推薦
I can find no reference of the new theory in
this paper.
You can find the book in the reference room
at the library.
You need to provide three references for
your application.
referee (n.) [͵rɛfəˋri] 裁判
The referee blew the whistle and nullified the
goal.
transfer (v., n.) [trænsˋfɝ] 轉移，傳遞 congestion (n.) [kənˋdʒɛstʃən] 阻塞
After a year the student transferred to 【衍】congest (v.) 阻塞
another department. Traffic congestion is a real problem for
The internet greatly facilitates the transfer of commuters.
information. The main roads are badly congested during
rush hour.

digest (v., n.) [daɪˋdʒɛst] 消化；文摘

port: carry
portable (a.) [ˋportəb!] 可攜式的
A laptop is a portable computer.
portal (n.) [ˋport!] 門戶，入口
I want to take a photo at the portal of the
Lincoln Memorial.
What is your favorite internet portal?
import (v., n.) [ˋɪmport] 進口
This trading company imports hi-tech
gadgets and exports raw material.
It is in the import-export business.
【衍】digestion (n.) 消化
Stomach acid helps digest food.
I need some time to digest the lecture.
The institute publishes a monthly digest of its
research findings.
You may have indigestion if you eat too
much.
ingest (v.) [ɪnˋdʒɛst] 吞嚥，吸收
【衍】ingestion (n.) 吞嚥，吸收
Liquid food is easy to ingest.

transport (n., v.) [ˋtræns͵pɔrt] 運輸

Good public transport helps reduce pollution
and traffic congestion.
Pipelines and tankers are used to transport
petroleum.

gest: carry

gesture (n., v.) [ˋdʒɛstʃɚ] 姿勢，表態；打手勢

The man shrugged and opened his hands, in
a gesture of helplessness.
The small donation was a gesture of
humanitarian concern.
He gestured for me to follow.

17
 表示「給」的字根

tribute: give

contribute (v.) [kənˋtrɪbjʊt] 貢獻，捐獻

【衍】contribution (n.) 貢獻，捐獻
The winner of the lottery contributed large sums to charity.

distribute (v.) [dɪˋstrɪbjʊt] 分配，分佈，分發

【衍】distribution (n.) 分配，分佈，分發
Donated foodstuff was quickly distributed to the stricken areas.

tribute (n.) [ˋtrɪbjʊt] 貢品；敬意，禮讚

In the ceremony, artists and musicians paid tribute to the famous composer.

attribute (n., v.) [ˋætrə͵bjʊt] 特性，特質；歸因於

【衍】attribution (n.) 歸屬，屬性
Both candidates possess the attributes we want in a leader.
The media attributed the success of the expedition entirely to one man.

tributary (n., a.) [ˋtrɪbjə͵tɛrɪ] 進貢國，支流；貢獻的

This stream is a tributary of the Ohio River.
The Han Dynasty lorded over many tributary nations.

retribution (n.) [͵rɛtrɪˋbjuʃən] 報復，報應

The killer acted without fear of retribution.

18
 表示「推」與「拉」的字根

repel (v.) [rɪˋpɛl] 擊退，排斥，使產生反感

pel (puls): push 【衍】repulse (v.) 擊退，排斥，使產生反感
Are we able to repel enemy attacks?
compel (v.) [kəmˋpɛl] 強迫 Similar poles of magnets repel each other.
【衍】compulsion (n.) 強迫
compulsory (a.) 強迫性的 repellent (a., n.) [rɪˋpɛlənt]
Incontrovertible proof compelled me to 令人厭惡的，有排斥作用的；驅蟲劑
admit mistake. I find such cruelty utterly repellent.
Anyone over 65 must go into compulsory This jacket is water-repellent.
retirement. Spray some insect repellent on yourself.

expel (v.) [ɪkˋspɛl] 逐出，排出 repulsive (a.) [rɪˋpʌlsɪv] 令人厭惡的

【衍】expulsion (n.) 逐出，排出 At the repulsive sight, she averted her eyes.
The koala bear has a digestive system that
assimilates the nutrition but expels the
poison from eucalyptus leaves.
The student was expelled from college
tract: pull, draw
because he cheated in exams.
distract (v.) [dɪˋstrækt] 轉移，使分心
dispel (v.) [dɪˋspɛl] 排除 【衍】distraction (n.) 分心，分散注意
The sun came out and dispelled the fog. The magician distracted his audience with a
The scientist tried to dispel superstition with lot of sound and smoke.
scientific proof.
extract (n., v.) [ɪkˋstrækt]
impulse (n.) [ˋɪmpʌls] 衝動 精（油），選文；抽出，拔出
【衍】impulsive (a.) 衝動的 The shampoo has herbal extracts added.
On an impulse, I asked the girl her phone This is an extract from the new bestseller.
number. Oil is extracted from underground reserves.
Items such as chewing gum and batteries are
The dentist decided to extract the tooth.
placed near checkout counters to attract
impulse buying.
protract (v.) [proˋtrækt] 拖延，延長
propel (v.) [prəˋpɛl] 推動，推進 【衍】protraction (n.) 拖延，延長
【衍】propulsion (n.) 推動，推進 There’s no need to protract the discussion;
propeller (n.) 推進器，螺旋槳 we can make a decision right now.
The boat is propelled by a 30-horsepower
engine. subtract (v.) [səbˋtrækt] 扣減，減去
The hit song propelled the singer to stardom. 【衍】subtraction (n.) 減
A propeller plane flies much slower than a jet You can calculate profit by subtracting cost
plane. from revenue.
19
 表示「引導」與「跟隨」的字根

reduce (v.) [rɪˋdjus] 減少

duct: lead 【衍】reduction (n.) 減少
Warning signs were installed along the curve
abduct (v.) [æbˋdʌkt] 挾持，綁架 to reduce accidents.
【衍】abduction (n.) 挾持，綁架
The woman was abducted at gunpoint. ductility (n.) [dʌkˋtɪlətɪ] 延展性
The police quickly cracked the abduction case 【衍】ductile (a.) 有延展性的
and rescued the missing children. The characteristic ductility of copper makes it
highly versatile.
seduction (n.) [sɪˋdʌkʃən] 引誘，誘惑
【衍】seduce (v.) 引誘，誘惑 conduct (n., v.) [kənˋdʌkt] 行為；領導，指揮，
The official succumbed to seduction and 表現
stole classified information for the woman. The club has a strict code of conduct.
He was seduced by the woman. The experiment was conducted by scientists
in New York.
conduit (n.) [ˋkɑndʊɪt] 導管，管道 The orchestra was conducted by a great
maestro.
This pipeline is the main conduit for Alaskan
I hardly know how to conduct myself in the
oil.
presence of the King.
The internet has become an important
conduit of information.

deduce (v.) [dɪˋdjus] 推論

sequ (secu, su): follow
【衍】deduction (n.) 推論
From these premises, several conclusions can
be deduced. consequently (adv.) [ˋkɑnsə͵kwɛntlɪ]因此，所以
【衍】consequence (n.) 後果，結果
deduct (v.) [dɪˋdʌkt] 扣除 You have more money; consequently, you
【衍】deduction (n.) 扣除 should pay.
The player had points deducted for arguing
with the referee. inconsequential (a.) [ɪn͵kɑnsəˋkwɛnʃəl]
不重要，無足輕重
induce (v.) [ɪnˋdjus] 歸納；誘導，引起 What I think is inconsequential; it’s what you
【衍】induction (n.) 歸納法，誘導 feel about the matter that counts.
From these observations, we can induce that
most mammals are equipped with hair. subsequent (a.) [ˋsʌbsɪ͵kwɛnt] 後續的，後來的
You can induce vomit by sticking a finger Let’s wait to see the subsequent
down the throat. developments.
Francis Bacon advocated induction and
deduction. sequel (n.) [ˋsikwəl] 續集
Have you seen the latest sequel to the Bond
movies?

20
consecutive (a.) [kənˋsɛkjʊtɪv] 連續的
The Chairman served for three consecutive
terms.

execute (v.) [ˋɛksɪ͵kjut] 執行，處決

【衍】execution (n.) 執行，處決
The relocation was executed according to
plan.
The criminal will be executed early tomorrow
morning.
The execution of the plan went on schedule.

executive (n., a.) [ɪgˋzɛkjʊtɪv]

業務主管，行政主管；執行的，行政的
She is now a senior executive, having worked
her way up through the company.
His executive skills are what can save the
company now.

pursue (v.) [pɚˋsu] 追逐，追求

【衍】pursuit (n.) 追逐，追求
The police pursued the criminal across the
country.
The man went abroad in pursuit of higher
education.

21
 表示「來」與「去」的字根
ven (vent): come
eventually (adv.) [ɪˋvɛntʃʊəlɪ] 到最後，終於
【衍】eventuality (n.) 可能的結果
If you persist, eventually you’ll succeed.
avenue (n.) [ˋævə͵nju] 大道，通道
Boutiques line both sides of the avenue.
Satellites opened up new avenues of
communication.
advent (n.) [ˋædvɛnt] 到達，來到
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution,
manufacturing was revolutionized.
convention (n.) [kənˋvɛnʃən] 傳統，習俗；會議
【衍】conventional (a.) 傳統的
The saying “Do in Rome as the Romans do”
means you should follow convention.
Our annual conference will be held at the
convention center.
The Presidential candidate is officially
nominated in the quadrennial Republican
Convention.
venture (v., n.) [ˋvɛntʃɚ] 冒險；冒險活動，企業
The explorers ventured into the Amazon
jungle.
If you want to start a business there, you
must form a joint venture with a local firm.
Our hike in the mountains was quite an
adventure.
revenue (n.) [ˋrɛvə͵nju] 營收，稅收
The retail chain doubled revenues this year
by opening 20 new shops.
The Internal Revenue Service is responsible
for tax collection.
22
it (i): go
itinerary (n.) [aɪˋtɪnə͵rɛrɪ] 行程
【衍】itinerant (a.) 巡迴的，流動的
You can find a detailed itinerary of the tour in
this brochure.
There were many itinerant preachers in
colonial times.
initial (a., n.) [ɪˋnɪʃəl] 起初的；首字母縮寫
The man’s initial reaction to the news was
one of surprise.
Your initials—J.F.K.—are just like Kennedy’s.
initiate (v.) [ɪˋnɪʃɪet]
開始，使了解，接納（新成員）
【衍】initiation (n.) 開始，了解，入會
The Chairman initiated a program of reform.
At 10, he was initiated into the art of golf by
his father.
New members are initiated into the
fraternity in a riotous ceremony.
initiative (n.) [ɪˋnɪʃətɪv] 倡議，主動精神，主動
The governor has proposed a new initiative
to improve conditions in urban schools.
This worker is responsible but lacks initiative.
If you want to know her, you must take the
initiative and introduce yourself.
transition (n.) [trænˋzɪʃən] 轉型，過渡
The transition from strong-man rule to multi-
party democracy is usually difficult.
We’ve completed the transition from a labor-
intensive to a hi-tech form of economy.
transient (a., n.) [ˋtrænʃənt]
短暫的，路過的；過境旅客，候鳥
【衍】transitory (a.) 短暫的
Many transient laborers work in these farms
in summer.
Hotels come in three kinds: transient, resort,
and residential.
Swallows are transients; thrushes are
residents.
He turned to religion when he realized the
transitory nature of fame and wealth.
ced (ceed, cess): go
proceed (v.) [prəˋsid] 進行，前進
Proceed to the next window when you have
finished here.
process (n., v.) [ˋprɑsɛs] 過程，進程；處理
The process of evolution never ceases.
This mainframe computer processes
information at lightning speed.
procedure (n.) [prəˋsidʒɚ] 程序
What is your standard operating procedure
in the event of a hijacking?
concede (v.) [kənˋsid] 承認，讓出
On election night, the loser conceded defeat
in a televised speech.
I concede the point, but your argument is
flawed in other ways.
concession (n.) [kənˋsɛʃən]
承認，讓步，特許權
The negotiator is prepared to make some
small concessions to get the deal done.
Before the movie started, they went to the
concession stand to get some popcorn.
23
accessory (n., a.) [ækˋsɛsərɪ]
配件，共犯；附屬的
This designer handbag is an excellent fashion
accessory.
The murderer’s confidant was charged as an
accessory to the crime.
The investigation revealed accessory details,
but did not affect the conclusion.
excessive (a.) [ɪkˋsɛsɪv] 過度的
【衍】excess (n., a.) 過度；過量的
exceed (v.) 超出，超過
Capital punishment would be excessive for
this case.
You should be careful not to eat to excess,
with your weak stomach.
I have to do something about my excess
weight.
The camera will be triggered if you exceed
the speed limit.
inaccessible (a.) [͵ɪnækˋsɛsəb!]
無路可通，無法取得
【衍】access (n., v.) 接近，通道；存取
The classified information is inaccessible to
the general public.
The projected blacktop will provide easy
access to this remote scenic spot.
You cannot access the data unless you have
the password.
intercede (v.) [͵ɪntɚˋsid] 仲裁，調停
【衍】intercession (n.) 仲裁，調停
The archbishop interceded on behalf of the
condemned prisoner and obtained a pardon.
predecessor (n.) [ˋprɛdɪ͵sɛsɚ] 前任
The new CEO outdid his predecessor by
doubling revenues in his first year.
successor (n.) [səkˋsɛsɚ] 繼任者
【衍】succeed (v.) 繼任
Who was Caesar’s successor?
The young man succeeded his father as
President of the company.
recede (v.) [rɪˋsid] 退卻，後退
【衍】recession (n.) 後退，（經濟）衰退
After the typhoon, the flood waters gradually
receded.
His receding hairline indicates his age.
recess (n.) [rɪˋsɛs] 休會，下課時間，壁凹
The judge called a recess.
The children are playing at recess.
successive (a.) [səkˋsɛsɪv] 連續的，接連的
【衍】succession (n.) 連續，繼承
Our team has won the championship for the
fifth successive year.
grad (gress): step
graduate (n., v., a.) [ˋgrædʒʊ͵et]
畢業生，畢業，大學畢業程度的
【衍】graduation (n.) 畢業
I’m a college graduate, and plan to go to
graduate school.
I graduated last year.
My undergraduate major was in physics.
gradient (n.) [ˋgredɪənt] 坡度，斜度
The road leads up the mountain at a steep
gradient.
degrading (a.) [dɪˋgredɪŋ] 丟臉的，有失身分的
The clerk found it degrading when her boss
sent her out to buy cigarettes.
24
aggressive (a.) [əˋgrɛsɪv] 積極的，暴力的
【衍】aggression (n.) 暴力，侵略
The candidate launched an aggressive
campaign, determined to win a seat.
Mice demonstrate aggressive behavior when
they are crowded close together.
upgrade (n., v.) [ˋʌpˋgred] 升級，升等
A computer requires a major upgrade every
three years.
It happened to be my birthday, so I was
upgraded to business class.
digression (n.) [daɪˋgrɛʃən] 離題
【衍】digress (v.) 離題
The author digressed to tell an anecdote.
The lecturer made so many digressions that
he couldn’t finish on time.
via: way
convey (v.) [kənˋve] 運送，傳遞；表達，表示
【衍】conveyance (n.) 運送，傳遞，表示
They conveyed the goods by ship.
It’s impossible to convey how sorry I feel.
deviate (v.) [ˋdivɪ͵et] 偏離
【衍】deviant (a.) 有偏差的，不正常的
deviation (n.) 偏差，偏離
Recent weather patterns deviate from the
norm for this time of year.
via (prep.) [ˋvaɪə] 取道，經由
I'll let her know via one of our friends.
trivial (a.) [ˋtrɪvɪəl]
瑣碎的，不重要的，微不足道的
【衍】triviality (n.) 瑣事，無足輕重
Let’s not worry about trivial problems now.
trifling (a.) [ˋtraɪflɪŋ] 瑣碎，不重要的，微小的
【衍】trifle (n., v.) 無價值的小事；取笑，輕視
Deciding what you want to do for a living is
no trifling matter.

25
 表示「切斷」與「連結」的字根

intersection (n.) [͵ɪntɚˋsɛkʃən] 交叉，十字路口

cis: cut 【衍】intersect (v.) 交叉
This is a busy intersection.
indecisive (a.) [͵ɪndɪˋsaɪsɪv] 猶豫不決的
Critics say Hamlet has an indecisive bisect (v.) [baɪˋsɛkt] 分割為二
character. The river Seine bisects the city of Paris.

concise (a.) [kənˋsaɪs] 簡潔

【衍】conciseness (n.) 簡潔
This is a concise English-Chinese dictionary.
her, hes: stick

precision (n., a.) [prɪˋsɪʒən] 精準（的） hesitate (v.) [ˋhɛzə͵tet] 遲疑，猶豫

【衍】precise (a.) 精確的 【衍】hesitant (a.) 猶豫不決的
Precision is of utmost importance while one hesitation (n.) 遲疑，猶豫
tunes up a piano. The woman hesitated before opening the
The hi-tech factory is equipped with a lot of door to the salesman.
precision instruments.
The experiment requires precise coherent (a.) [koˋhɪrənt]
measurements. 一致的，連貫的，有條理的
【衍】coherence (n.) 一致性，連貫性
The coherent argument convinced the jury.

sect (seg): cut cohesion (n.) [koˋhiʒən] 凝聚力，團結一致

section (n.) [ˋsɛkʃən] 段，節
This section of the road has not been paved
over yet.
sector (n.) [ˋsɛktɚ] 部分，部門
The service sector is now employing more
workers than the manufacturing sector.
segment (n.) [ˋsɛgmənt] 部分，切片
【衍】segment (v.) 切割，分隔
The population segment from 50 to 59
comprises prime customers for the high-end
market segment.
【衍】cohesive (a.) 凝聚的，團結的
Rewarding individuals may break the
cohesion in the group.
adhere (v.) [ədˋhɪr] 黏附；固守，遵守
【衍】adhesion (n.) 黏附，遵守
adhesive (a., n.) 有黏性的；黏著劑
The stamp failed to adhere to the envelope.
These people adhere to Judaic law.
inherent (a.) [ɪnˋhɪrənt] 內在的，固有的
These aborigines have an inherent concept of
justice.

26
 junct (join): join

joint (n., a.) [dʒɔɪnt]

關節，接頭；聯合的，共同的
The tennis player injured his elbow joint.
This company is a joint venture.

adjoining (a.) [əˋdʒɔɪnɪŋ] 相鄰的

【衍】adjoin (v.) 靠近，毗鄰
The two couples checked into adjoining hotel
rooms.

junction (n.) [ˋdʒʌŋkʃən] 連結點，系統交流道

The town is located at the junction of two
railroads.
In five minutes you’ll come to the junction of
Route 30 and Route 45; take the first
interchange after that and you’re there.

juncture (n.) [ˋdʒʌŋktʃɚ] 連結點，重要關頭

Ahead is the juncture of two rivers.
At this juncture it appears they are going to
get a divorce.

27
 表示「選擇」與「標準」的字根

elite (n.) [ɪˋlit] 精英

opt: choose 【衍】elitism (n.) 精英主義
Doctors and lawyers are social elites.
adopt (v.) [əˋdɑpt] 採納，領養
【衍】adoption (n.) 採納，領養 illegible (a.) [ɪˋlɛdʒəb!] 無法閱讀，無法辨識
I’m glad the manager has adopted my The rain-soaked letter is quite illegible.
suggestion.
The couple decided to adopt a child. intelligence (n.) [ɪnˋtɛlədʒəns] 聰明才智，情報
The unmarried mother decided to give up 【衍】intellect (n.) 聰明才智
her child for adoption. My kid brother is a child of extraordinary
intelligence.
opt (v.) [ɑpt] 選擇 The spy has been leaking army intelligence
In the election the people opted for change. for years.

option (n.) [ˋɑpʃən] 選擇，選項 intellectual (n., a.) [͵ɪnt!ˋɛktʃʊəl]

【衍】optional (a.) 選擇性的 知識份子；智力的
I don’t like manual work, but I don’t have College students are young intellectuals.
many options. Intellectual development is every bit as
This is an optional course; you don’t have to important as physical development.
take it.
legend (n.) [ˋlɛdʒənd] 傳奇
【衍】legendary (a.) 傳奇性的
The war hero’s exploits have become a
lect (lig, leg): choose, read, legend.
The man is a legend in professional wrestling.
speak
predilection (n.) [͵pridɪˋlɛkʃən] 嗜好，偏好
eclectic (a.) [ɛˋklɛktɪk] 兼容並蓄的，折衷的 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had an obvious
As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. has an predilection for music.
eclectic culture.

eligible (a.) [ˋɛlɪdʒəb!] 有資格的

【衍】eligibility (n.) 資格
All citizens over 20 are eligible to vote.
The woman stayed single because there were
too few eligible young men around.

28
 表示「投射」的字根

intermittent (a.) [͵ɪntɚˋmɪtnt] 斷續的，間歇的

ject (jet): throw
There was intermittent rain all night.

eject (v.) [ɪˋdʒɛkt] 逐出，彈射，退出 emit (v.) [ɪˋmɪt] 發出

The drunken patron was ejected from the 【衍】emission (n.) 排放
bar. All living organisms emit heat, which can be
The pilot ejected when his plane caught on picked up by infrared sensors.
fire. Taking public transportation helps reduce
carbon dioxide emissions.
injection (n.) [ɪnˋdʒɛkʃən] 注射，注入
【衍】inject (v.) 注射，注入 permission (n.) [pɚˋmɪʃən] 允許，許可
This drug is administered by injection. 【衍】permit (v., n.) 允許；許可證
The staff needed an injection of hope to I have the author’s permission to quote from
boost morale. his article.
Smoking is not permitted in this restaurant.
adjacent (a.) [əˋdʒesənt] 附近的 A foreigner needs a work permit to work
My car is at the adjacent garage for here.
maintenance.
remit (v.) [rɪˋmɪt] 匯（款）；緩解
projectile (n.) [prəˋdʒɛktl] 【衍】remission (n.) 緩解
拋投物，子彈（砲彈、飛彈） remittance (n.) 匯款
【衍】project (v.) 投射 The young man remits half his monthly salary
The cannon fired its projectile directly into its to his parents back home.
target. The cancer is currently in remission.

trajectory (n.) [trəˋdʒɛktrɪ] 軌道 transmit (v.) [trænsˋmɪt] 傳送，傳播

The trajectory of a Frisbee is rather different 【衍】transmission (n.) 傳送，傳播
from that of a rock. The message is transmitted over short-wave
radio.
Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes.
miss (mit): send
submit (v.) [səbˋmɪt] 呈遞，屈服
mission (n.) [ˋmɪʃən] 使命，任務；傳教團 【衍】submission (n.) 呈遞；屈服，順從
The mission of the space probe was to You must submit your application package
explore Mars. before the deadline.
The church sends missionaries all over the The witness submitted to pressure and
world. refused to testify.

intermission (n.) [͵ɪntɚˋmɪʃən] 中場休息時間

The man went out to have a smoke during
the intermission.

29
 表示「問」與「教」的字根

que (quis): ask, seek quest (n.) [kwɛst] 追求

The young man went to the big city in quest
acquisition (n.) [͵ækwəˋzɪʃən] 取得，購入 of fame and wealth.
【衍】acquire (v.) 取得，購入
The museum’s latest acquisitions cost a
fortune.
The MBA student is interested in mergers
and acquisitions.

conquer (v.) [͵kɑŋkɚ] 征服

【衍】conquest (n.) 征服
conqueror (n.) 征服者
Alexander the Great conquered most of the
Western world.
Alexander was a great conqueror.

exquisite (a.) [ˋɛkskwɪzɪt] 精美的

I bought an exquisite crystal figurine at the
gift shop.

prerequisite (a., n.) [͵priˋrɛkwəzɪt]

不可或缺的；先決條件
【衍】require (v.) 要求
Does the candidate have all the prerequisite
skills?
To study in the US, a sufficient command of
the English language is a prerequisite.

inquire (v.) [ɪnˋkwaɪr] 詢問

【衍】inquiry (n.) 詢問，調查
I’m calling to inquire about your new
product.
Please inquire after your father for me.
The committee is inquiring into the cause of
the disaster.
The trading company sends out dozens of
letters of inquiry a month.
The inquisitive child is always asking “why.”

30
 表示「名字」的字根

nomin, onym: name

nominate (v.) [ˋnɑmə͵net] 提名

【衍】nomination (n.) 提名

The winner in the primaries will be

nominated as the party’s presidential
candidate.

ignominious (a.) [͵ɪgnəˋmɪnɪəs]

不名譽的，可恥的

【衍】ignominy (n.) 恥辱
The investigation ended in the chairman’s
ignominious abdication.

nominal (a.) [ˋnɑmən!]

名義上的；微不足道的，象徵性的
The British monarch serves as nominal head
of state.
Agricultural workers get a cottage either free
or for a nominal rent.

misnomer (n.) [͵mɪsˋnomɚ]

誤植人名；不恰當的名稱
“Grand Hotel” is a complete misnomer for
that cheap place I stayed.

pseudonym (n.) [ˋsudn͵ɪm] 假名，筆名

Many authors like to use pseudonyms.

31
 Reading: Leda and the Swan
You may have seen a painting or sculpture of a
woman holding a swan in a cordial embrace. If
you are a connoisseur of art, you will know
that it is a version of Leda and the Swan. Such
masters as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo,
Rubens and Cezanne have each exercised their
creative faculties to produce at least one
variation of the theme to commemorate the
affair. They have done so for good reasons.
Leda was the probably fictitious Queen of
Sparta, and the swan was Zeus the conqueror
himself in disguise. The encounter between
Leda and the swan was either a rape or an
extramarital affair, depending on the version
of the story.
In Greco-Roman mythology, Zeus the sky god
was an energetic male who had a predilection
for extramarital affairs with eligible goddesses
or mortal women. He could be very creative
and proficient in his techniques. Once he
turned himself into a golden shower, another
time into a bull, to facilitate taking the woman
by force, incognito.
Thanks to Zeus’s numerous feats of infidelity,
his wife Juno was constantly cleaning up the
mess he left behind. As a result, Juno became
the goddess of the hearth, promoting concord
in the family and discouraging divorce.
Western women like to get married in June,
because that puts their marriages under the
efficacious protection of Juno.
32
After Zeus—disguised as an innocent swan—
effectively seduced Leda, the Queen of Sparta
gave birth to two eggs, from which were
hatched two daughters: Clytemnestra and
Helen.
Helen grew up to be the most beautiful woman
ever—hers was the face that “launched a
thousand ships,” if we credit Christopher
Marlow’s description in Dr. Faustus. Besides,
she was the princess of mighty Sparta, the
greatest military power in the Greek world.
These facts encouraged all the eligible young
and not so young princes—elites of the ancient
world—to come and court Helen.
The suitors soon grew discordant. In order to
avoid conflict, the princes signed a pact—in
effect forming a confederation—in which they
vowed not only to respect Helen’s selection
but also to come forward should Helen and her
spouse ever need help. And help they did
need, for soon after Helen was married to King
Menelaus, she was seduced by Prince Paris and
taken to Troy.
As the legend goes, Menelaus made an appeal
to all those who had subscribed to the pact
and required them to form an expedition force
to sack Troy. The group put Troy under siege
for 10 years. Homer’s Iliad picks up the
description of the siege in its ninth year and
ends with the funeral for Prince Hector of Troy,
the inevitable fall of Troy implicitly recognized.
After the fall of Troy, Odysseus—a hero of
superhuman intelligence and courage—went
on a tortuous journey home. Along the way
Odysseus and his men were detained by one-
eyed giants and other incredible monsters, so
the journey took another decade to complete.
In the misty, nondescript land of the lotus
eaters, for example, some of his men ingested
lotus seeds, forgot all about home, and gave up
on their quest, but Odysseus kept reminiscing
and never lost the urge to see his home again.

Meanwhile, back in Ithaca, his wife Penelope

was running out of feasible plans to ward off
the numerous suitors who confidently
presumed Odysseus dead and wanted to take
his place. They knew Penelope was stalling,
and they no longer credited her numerous
excuses.

The homecoming of Odysseus is the theme of

Homer’s other epic, The Odyssey. The two
epics have preserved the quintessence of
classical learning for Western intellectuals. As
such, they are the fountainhead of Western
civilization. Therefore, in a sense, the seeds of
Western civilization were sown by the swan
into Leda. That is why graphic representations
of Leda and the Swan have been such an
important tradition in Western art.

33
 殆㷸ꆄ嚸

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