Macromolecules:

Proteins

Group 2
• KYLE LESTER LEBUNA
• ZAR KERVIN LACATAN
• HARRY LASPINAS
• FAYE LOUIS CATURAS
• HANNAH DAGO
What is protein?

It comes from the Greek word “proteios” meaning the first

order.

It was discovered by Jons Jakob Berzelius in 1838 where

proteins are the most actively studied molecules in

biochemistry.

In biology, proteins are large molecules that are made up

of amino acids.
 Example of Foods
that contains Proteins:
Amino Acids
Amino Acids
 Classification of
Proteins
Essential Proteins

These proteins are cannot be generated within the

body.

The mnemonic PVT TIM HaLL (or Private Tim Hall)is

commonly used device to remember these amino

acids as it includes the first letter of all amino acids.

 PVT TIM HALL

P-phenylalanine

V-valine

T-threonine
 Classification of
Proteins
Non-essential

Non-essential proteins means that our bodies can produce

the amino acid, even if we do not get it from the food we eat.

Nonessential amino acids include: Alanine, Arginine,

Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid,

Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, and Tyrosine.

 Types of Proteins

Antibodies are specialized proteins that defend the body

against antigens or foreign invaders.

Contractile proteins are proteins responsible for muscle

contraction and movement.

Enzyme proteins are enzymes, which are the catalysts of all

 Types of Proteins

Hormonal proteins are messenger proteins that help

coordinate certain bodily functions:

Structural proteins are proteins are used to provide an

internal structure to the cell and they are important in larger

cells .
Structure of Proteins

Primary Structure

The most basic type of protein structure.

It is simply the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

chain.

Secondary Structure

This structure is made by folding of the polypeptide chain.

There are 2 main types of secondary structure namely: A

Structure of Proteins

Tertiary Structure

The 3D structure of proteins

These includes hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide

bond.

Disulfide bonds- are covalent bonds and what holds the

tertiary structure of the protein in place.

Structure of Proteins

Quaternary Structure

This structure forms when several polypeptide chains

come together.

One example of quaternary structure is haemoglobin.

Haemoglobin- is made up of four polypeptide chains and

is specially adapted to bind oxygen in the blood.

Classes of Proteins

Globular proteins

-are usually round and ball-shaped

-they usually have metabolic functions and may have

enzymes or anti-bodies.
REFERENCES:
Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). Protein. Better Health Channel.
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/protein#:~:
text=Proteins%20are%20made%20up%20of%20building%20blocks%20called
%20amino%20acids,them%20as%20an%20energy%20source.

Orthopedics, S. K. S. M. (2018, August 12). Amino acids mnemonics.

Epomedicine. https://epomedicine.com/medical-students/amino-acids-
mnemonics/

Proteins. (n.d.). Physiopedia. https://www.physio-pedia.com/Proteins

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING!